冠状动脉造影患者心血管病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性分析

目的探讨心血管疾病危险因素与冠状动脉造影病变程度相关性。方法入选行冠状动脉造影住院病例920例,其中确诊冠心病患728例(占79．13％),排除冠心病患192例(占20．87％)。冠状动脉造影病变程度由病变支数,经造影是否诊断冠心病及病变Gensini总积分表示。危险因素包括性别、年龄、高血压病、吸烟、2型糖尿病、血脂异常、高尿酸。采用单因素和多因素分析。结果(1)单因素分析显示,在病变程度不同的各组间比较,随各组中存在单个危险因素病例百分率的增加,冠状动脉造影病变支数和病变Gensini总积分随之增加。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析(前进法)显示,高LDL-C为冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病最显的独立相关危险因素(OR=2．816,95％可信区间1．903,4．167,P=0．001),其他危险因素依次为男性、吸烟、2型糖尿病、低HDL-C、高血压病、高尿酸血症和增龄。性别分组后分别经多因素Logistic回归(前进法)分析显示,男性组中高LDL-C为冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病最显的独立相关的危险因素(OR=2．965,95％可信区间1．880,4．676,P=0．009)。女性分组中吸烟(OR=2．840,95％可信区间0．553,5．378,P=0．001)和高尿酸血症(OR=2．132,95％可信区间1．048,3．641,P=0．017)为冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病最显的独立相关的危险因素。结论高LDL-c是冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病最显的独立相关危险因素,在男性组中更为突出,但其他危险因素如男性、吸烟、2型糖尿病、低HDL-c、高血压病、高尿酸和增龄亦不可忽视,并且各危险因素在不同性别中危险程度有所不同,应该加以区别对待和重视。     

高脂血症合并高尿酸血症与冠状动脉病变临床相关性分析

目的 探讨高脂血症合并高尿酸血症与冠状动脉病变临床相关性.方法 选取我院2016年9月-2019年8月临床疑诊冠心病患者6 5例为研究对象,所有纳入患者根据心电图检查结果 分为冠心病组(2 0例)和非冠心病组(4 5例).运用Logistic回归分析,对冠心病相关因素进行单因素以及多因素回归分析.结果 冠心病组患者高尿酸血症、高脂血症发病率、糖尿病率、高龄率、高血压率、高脂血症联合高尿酸血症率高于非冠心病组,上述均为独立危险因素(P<0.05);冠心病组患者的血脂水平、尿酸水平高于非冠心病组患者(P<0.05).结论 冠状动脉病变程度与发病情况、高脂血症合并高尿酸血症存在一定的关联,可为临床提供给予评估意义.     

冠心病与血尿酸改变的相关分析

目的探讨冠心病与高尿酸血症的相关性.方法选择1999-2003年我院心内科收治的126例疑诊为冠心病并行冠状动脉造影的病例,分为冠脉正常组(53例)和冠心病组(73例),检测二组的血尿酸水平及相关血脂、血糖等生化指标.结果冠心病组血尿酸显著高于正常冠脉组(372±94mmol/L与358±92mmol/L),P＜0.01;急性心肌梗死患者高尿酸血症明显高于正常组.结论高尿酸血症与冠心病密切相关,是冠心病的独立危险因素之一.     

高甘油三酯—低高密度脂蛋白血症与冠状动脉病变

为了分析高甘油三酯血症—低高密度脂蛋白血症与冠状动脉病变的关系 ,对 5 4例稳定型心绞痛和陈旧性心肌梗死患者行冠状动脉造影术 ,同时测定吸烟年限、血糖、收缩压、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白等冠心病危险因素 ,将研究对象分为无主要危险因子组 (n =15 )、高甘油三酯—低高密度脂蛋白血症组 (n =11)、合并糖尿病组 (n =15 )及合并糖尿病和高甘油三酯—低高密度脂蛋白血症组 (n =13) ,比较各组冠状动脉病变程度、类型和罹患支数 ,并应用逐步回归法研究上述因素与冠状动脉狭窄度积分的关系。结果发现 ,合并糖尿病和高甘油三酯—低高密度脂蛋白血症组冠状动脉狭窄度积分较其它各组显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,B2 、C型病变较无主要危险因子组多见 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且三支病变显著增多 ;冠状动脉狭窄度积分与血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白等因素存在线性回归关系 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示 ,血浆甘油三酯浓度越高 ,高密度脂蛋白浓度越低 ;血糖浓度越高 ,冠状动脉狭窄度积分越高 ,冠状动脉病变程度越重。     

单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值在冠心病合并高尿酸血症患者中的变化及其与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系研究

背景单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)是近年发现的一种新型炎性标志物,与人体内氧化应激和炎性反应密切相关。目前已证实,MHR升高与冠心病的病理过程及不良预后有关,且与冠心病患者的心血管事件发生相关。高尿酸血症参与了炎性反应,在理论上会提高MHR,从而加速冠状动脉粥样硬化病变进展,但相关研究较少。目的分析MHR在冠心病合并高尿酸血症患者中的变化,并探讨其与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。方法选取2017年6月—2018年6月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者1 337例,根据尿酸水平分为高尿酸血症组(n=318)和尿酸正常组(n=1 019);根据冠状动脉造影结果分为轻度狭窄组(n=507)、中度狭窄组(n=482)和重度狭窄组(n=348);选取同期于本院体检健康者204例为对照组。比较对照组、尿酸正常组和高尿酸血症组与对照组、轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组受试者一般资料和实验室检查指标,MHR与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析;冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果对照组受试者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、MHR低于高尿酸血症和尿酸正常组(P0.05),尿酸正常组患者MHR低于高尿酸血症组(P0.05)。对照组受试者LDL-C、尿酸及MHR低于轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组(P0.05),轻度狭窄组患者糖尿病病史率、吸烟史率、LDL-C、MHR低于中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组(P0.05),中度狭窄组患者糖尿病病史率、吸烟史率、LDL-C、MHR低于重度狭窄组(P0.05);Pearson相关分析结果显示,MHR与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关(r=0.826,P0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,LDL-C[OR=3.228,95%CI(1.374,7.588)]、MHR[OR=3.597,95%CI(1.024,12.634)]是冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响因素(P0.05)。结论 MHR在冠心病合并高尿酸血症患者中较高,与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关,且是冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响因素。     

特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者心血管病危险因素与冠状动脉造影结果的相关性分析

目的探讨特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者心血管病危险因素与冠状动脉(冠脉)造影结果的相关性。方法入选行冠脉造影的特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者195例,其中冠脉造影正常组143例(占74.33%),冠脉造影异常组(即确诊合并有冠心病)52例(占26.67%)。危险因素包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病、2型糖尿病、缺血性心血管病家族史、血脂异常、高尿酸血症、血红蛋白、总胆红素、体重指数。采用单因素和多因素分析。结果 (1)单因素分析显示,合并冠心病组发病年龄较冠脉造影正常组大,合并冠心病组吸烟比例、高血压病史比例、缺血性心血管病家族史比例、总胆固醇水平、甘油三酯水平、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、尿酸水平均显著高于冠脉造影正常组。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,缺血性心血管病家族史是特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者合并冠心病最显著的独立相关危险因素(OR=29.628,95%可信区间8.234-106.604,P=0.001),其它危险因素依次为高血压病史、高尿酸血症。结论缺血性心血管病家族史是特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者合并冠心病的独立相关危险因素,对于合并有冠心病高危因素(如高龄、有高血压病史、高尿酸、吸烟史、高脂血症)的特发性...     

冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠心病危险因素的相关性分析

目的探讨冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠心病危险因素的相关性。方法连续性收集我科行冠状动脉造影的患者121例,根据造影结果,将患者分为冠心病组89例与对照组32例。收集2组患者临床、实验室和影像学资料,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型进行分析。结果冠心病组男性、糖尿病、吸烟比例和LDL-C水平均高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析示,糖尿病(OR=3.769,P=0.042)、LDL-C水平(OR=1.873,P=0.021)是冠心病的独立危险因素。中、重度冠状动脉狭窄患者吸烟比例均高于轻度狭窄者,中度狭窄患者男性比例、年龄与尿酸水平和重度狭窄患者高血压、糖尿病比例均高于轻度狭窄者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归分析示,年龄(OR=1.094,P=0.001)、高血压(OR=3.340,P=0.003)、糖尿病(OR=3.877,P=0.003)和吸烟(OR=4.536,P=0.003)与冠状动脉狭窄程度相关。结论冠心病的危险因素与冠状动脉狭窄程度存在显著相关性,其中糖尿病是两者共同的重要危险因素。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者血清尿酸特点分析

目的分析冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者血清尿酸浓度的特点,探讨检测血清尿酸浓度在预防冠心病发生中的作用。方法选取2010年3月至2011年2月在广东省人民医院住院,怀疑冠心病的患者430例为研究对象。首先根据造影结果分为冠心病组316例,对照组114例,测定两组的血清尿酸浓度,并进行对比分析。然后,根据世界卫生组织高尿酸血症诊断标准,将患者分成高尿酸血症组和非高尿酸血症组,比较两组的冠心病患病率。最后,患者按血清尿酸浓度分为4个浓度组,比较4组冠心病的患病率。结果冠心病组血尿酸浓度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[（374.42±98.54）μmol.L-1vs.（374.42±98.54）μmol.L-1,P〈0.05]。高尿酸组中冠心病患病率高于非高尿酸组,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.217）。不同血清尿酸浓度的4组中,血清尿酸浓度越高,冠心病患病率也越高,与浓度最低组比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。结论血清尿酸浓度可能是冠心病的危险因素之一,血清尿酸浓度高者患冠心病的可能性较大;加强血清尿酸浓度检测对预防冠心病的发生具有重要意义。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与2型糖尿病冠心病

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病中高同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)血症与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法117例患者于冠状动脉造影前测定血浆Hcy及血脂、血糖、肾功能等指标 ,将所有患者分为糖尿病合并冠心病组 (3 1例 )、糖尿病不伴冠心病组 (10例 )、冠心病不伴糖尿病组 (5 8例 )和正常对照组 (18名 ) 4组 ,再根据冠脉病变支数分为 0 ,1,2和 3支病变。结果　糖尿病合并冠心病组及冠心病不伴糖尿病组血浆Hcy水平较对照组相比均明显增高 (均P <0 .0 1) ;糖尿病合并冠心病组血浆Hcy水平较冠心病不伴糖尿病及糖尿病不伴冠心病组Hcy水平均显著增高 (均P <0 .0 1) ;多元回归分析表明在糖尿病中血浆Hcy与冠脉病变程度呈正相关 (r=0 .5 4,P <0 .0 1)。结论　 2型糖尿病中高同型半胱氨酸血症是冠心病的危险因素。     

413例冠脉造影患者危险因素与冠脉病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨冠脉造影患者心血管危险因素与冠脉病变的相关性。方法：对于南方医院住院的2004年6月至2008年12月的413例行冠脉造影患者，采集病历数据，包括性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟、高血压病、2型糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、尿酸（UA）、纤维蛋白原（Fg）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）及血清总胆红素（TBIL）等指标，冠脉造影通过直径目测法判断是否患冠心病。以单因素分析心血管危险因素与冠脉病变的关系，采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选冠心病的独立相关危险因素。结果：（1）冠心病组患者男性比例、平均年龄、体重指数、LDL-C、TG、UA、CRP、Fg水平均显著高于非冠心病组，HDL-C水平显著低于非冠心病组，合并吸烟、高血压、糖尿病的病例显著多于非冠心病组（P〈0．05～〈0．01）；（2）Logistic回归分析显示，LDL-C、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数、HDL-C、增龄、高尿酸入选回归方程（OR=3．559～1．003，P〈0．05～〈0．001），其中LDL-C为最显著的独立相关出素（OR：3．559，95％可信区间2．143～5．911，P〈0．001）。结论：LDL-C水平升高、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数上升、HDH—C水平降低、增龄、高尿酸水平为冠心病的显著，独立相关因素。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.