中国夫妻的原生家庭支持及其与婚姻质量的关系

目的:探讨中国夫妻原生家庭支持的特点及其与婚姻质量的关系。方法:采用原生家庭支持问卷和关系评估量表对341对夫妻进行问卷调查。结果:1夫妻获得最多的原生家庭支持为情感支持,工具性支持其次,经济支持最低;夫妻均认为自身原生家庭比配偶原生家庭提供了更多支持。2原生家庭支持水平受居住结构、家庭生命周期、夫妻老家所在地等因素影响。3夫妻感知的双方原生家庭情感支持对双方婚姻质量均有促进作用;丈夫感知的自身原生家庭工具性支持对双方婚姻质量有消极影响;丈夫感知的配偶原生家庭经济支持对丈夫婚姻质量有促进作用。结论:不同类型和来源的原生家庭支持对夫妻双方婚姻质量有不同影响。     

城市新婚夫妻求助表达、伴侣支持应对和婚姻满意度的关系

目的:探讨城市新婚夫妻对伴侣的求助表达是否通过伴侣的支持应对影响双方婚姻满意度。方法:选取88对城市新婚夫妻,完成压力情境下的求助表达与伴侣支持应对问卷,以及婚姻满意度问卷。结果:妻子求助表达显著高于丈夫;丈夫和妻子对伴侣的支持应对存在显著正相关;丈夫和妻子的求助表达只能通过伴侣的支持应对正向预测双方婚姻满意度。结论:伴侣支持应对在求助表达与双方婚姻满意度间起完全中介作用。     

中国夫妻的完美主义及其与婚姻满意度的关系

目的:探讨中国夫妻完美主义的特点及其与婚姻满意度的关系。方法:采用双向调试量表和改编后的多维完美主义量表对155对夫妻进行测查。结果:①丈夫的自我取向、社会期许、他人取向、伴侣期许完美主义得分显著高于妻子,伴侣取向完美主义显著低于妻子。②丈夫的他人取向完美主义显著高于伴侣取向,社会期许与伴侣期许差异不显著;而妻子的他人取向完美主义低于伴侣取向,社会期许高于伴侣期许。③夫妻双方自我取向完美主义越高,伴侣期许完美主义越低,丈夫的婚姻满意度越高;夫妻双方伴侣期许、妻子伴侣取向完美主义越低,丈夫自我取向完美主义越高,妻子的满意度越高。结论:一般人际完美主义对婚姻满意度无显著预测作用。     

学龄前儿童母亲原生家庭及姻亲家庭情感支持与经验性回避和婚姻满意度的关系

目的:考察学龄前儿童母亲的原生家庭情感支持和姻亲家庭情感支持与婚姻满意度的关系，以及经验性回避在其中的作用。方法:选取山西省朔州市3所幼儿园学龄前儿童的母亲335名，采用原生家庭支持与干涉量表的情感支持分量表、接纳与行动量表第二版、Olson婚姻质量问卷的婚姻满意度分量表测量原生家庭情感支持/姻亲家庭情感支持、母亲经验性回避和婚姻满意度。结果:原生家庭情感支持、姻亲家庭情感支持得分均与婚姻满意度分量表得分正向关联(β=0.78、0.92)。经验性回避在原生家庭情感支持和婚姻满意度之间存在部分中介效应，中介效应占比为42.78%;经验性回避在姻亲家庭情感支持和婚姻满意度之间存在部分中介效应，中介效应占比为28.04%。结论:来自原生家庭与姻亲家庭低质量的情感支持是学龄前儿童母亲较高经验性回避水平的风险因素，进而导致学龄前儿童母亲较低的婚姻满意度。     

新婚夫妻工作家庭冲突对婚姻质量的预测作用

目的:探究新婚夫妻的工作对家庭的冲突(WFC)和家庭对工作的冲突(FWC)的特点及其对婚姻质量的预测作用。方法:采用问卷对北京市228对新婚夫妻进行调查。结果:1夫妻的工作对家庭的冲突都高于家庭对工作的冲突,且丈夫的工作对家庭的冲突和家庭对工作的冲突都高于妻子的冲突水平。2夫妻双方的两种工作家庭冲突水平都与自身和配偶的婚姻质量显著负相关,且丈夫工作对家庭的冲突和家庭对工作的冲突,以及妻子家庭对工作的冲突,对丈夫的婚姻质量具有负向预测作用,妻子家庭对工作的冲突和丈夫家庭对工作的冲突对妻子的婚姻质量具有负向预测作用。结论:新婚夫妻的工作家庭冲突水平存在差异,且两种工作家庭冲突对自身和配偶的婚姻质量存在不同的预测作用。     

家庭-工作冲突对工作母亲婚姻满意度的影响

目的:探讨工作母亲的家庭-工作冲突与婚姻满意度的关系,以及育儿压力和配偶支持在二者关系中的作用。方法:采用问卷调查法对中部某省四个城市的467名工作母亲进行测量。结果:(1)家庭-工作冲突对婚姻满意度有显著的负向预测作用,育儿压力在二者之间具有部分中介作用。(2)家庭-工作冲突对婚姻满意度的影响受配偶支持的调节,调节作用体现在配偶支持缓冲了家庭-工作冲突对婚姻满意度的不良影响。结论:家庭-工作冲突通过增加育儿压力降低婚姻满意度,而配偶支持能在家庭-工作冲突与婚姻满意度的关系中起到调节作用。     

新婚夫妻婚姻质量对婚姻稳定性的影响:婚姻承诺的中介作用

目的:采用主—客体互倚模型探究婚姻质量对婚姻稳定性的影响,以及婚姻承诺在婚姻质量和婚姻稳定性间的中介作用。方法:采用问卷法对北京市268对新婚的夫妻进行调查。结果:1丈夫报告的婚姻承诺和婚姻稳定性显著高于妻子;2丈夫的婚姻质量只具有主体效应,可以显著正向预测自身婚姻稳定性。妻子的婚姻质量不仅具有主体效应,还具有客体效应,能够显著正向预测自身和丈夫的婚姻稳定性;3丈夫的婚姻质量可以通过自身对配偶的承诺影响自身婚姻稳定性。妻子的婚姻质量可以通过自身对配偶的承诺影响自身和丈夫的婚姻稳定性。结论:婚姻质量可以显著正向预测婚姻稳定性,对配偶的承诺在婚姻质量预测婚姻稳定性中起着中介作用。     

农民工童年创伤和婚姻质量:述情障碍与夫妻互动的多重中介作用

目的:探讨农民工述情障碍和夫妻互动在童年创伤与婚姻质量之间的中介作用。方法:对323位已婚农民工进行童年期创伤经历问卷、多伦多述情障碍量表、婚姻质量量表和夫妻互动量表的测评。结果:(1)相关分析发现,童年创伤、夫妻互动、述情障碍和婚姻质量两两之间均呈显著相关;(2)述情障碍与夫妻互动在童年创伤与婚姻质量之间既起到部分中介作用,也起到链式中介作用。结论:农民工童年创伤一方面直接对婚姻质量起消极作用,另一方面通过述情障碍与夫妻互动的链式中介作用影响其婚姻质量。     

原生家庭支持与干涉量表的编制

目的:发展我国婚姻家庭的本土化研究工具,编制并检验原生家庭支持与干涉量表。方法:通过对24对夫妻的质性访谈探索与编制项目,通过对109位已婚人士的预试和341对夫妻的正式施测对量表进行修改检验。结果:原生家庭支持量表包括14个项目,分为经济支持、工具性支持、情感支持三个维度,原生家庭干涉量表包括18个项目,分为家庭生活干涉、个人生活干涉两个维度,每个项目均包括自身和配偶原生家庭两个来源;两个量表及各维度的内部一致性系数均在0.86-0.94之间,验证性因素分析表明量表的结构模型拟合良好,量表总分及维度分与效标评分的相关在0.29-0.65之间。结论:原生家庭支持与干涉量表具有良好的信效度,符合心理测量学要求。     

夫妻执行功能、家庭混乱与婚姻质量的关系

目的:考察夫妻执行功能和家庭混乱与夫妻婚姻质量的关系以及这一关系模式在丈夫和妻子群体中的差异。方法:以305对年轻夫妻为被试,采用执行功能行为评定量表成人版(BRIEF-A)评估其执行功能,采用混乱、嘈杂、秩序量表(CHAOS)评估家庭混乱程度,采用夫妻适应量表(DAS)评估丈夫和妻子的婚姻质量。结果:夫妻的执行功能与其婚姻质量之间呈显著正相关;家庭混乱与夫妻婚姻质量之间呈显著负相关;对于妻子来说,执行功能和家庭混乱对其婚姻质量分别具有独特效应;对于丈夫而言,执行功能和家庭混乱对婚姻质量的影响不仅存在独特效应,而且还存在交互效应。与高混乱家庭相比,低混乱家庭中丈夫较高水平的执行功能会更为显著地预测其较高的婚姻质量。结论:执行功能这一个体因素和家庭混乱这一环境因素与夫妻婚姻质量均密切相关,且这一关系模式和作用机制在丈夫和妻子群体中存在差异。     

Spousal negative responses to cancer patients: the role of social restriction, spouse mood, and relationship satisfaction.

This cross-sectional study examined perceptions of spousal negative behaviors in 219 cancer patients. A mediational model was proposed to explain why a spouse might respond negatively to an ill partner because of greater restriction on activities as functional impairment increases. A moderating effect of the spouse's marital satisfaction assessed 3 months before other study measures was also proposed. Results provided support for the proposed model. The relationship between increasing patient functional impairment and spousal negative behaviors was medicated by greater restriction in spouse activities, as well as spousal negative mood. A marginally significant moderating effect for marital satisfaction was found. Although these results must be replicated with a prospective study, the findings begin to shed light on why spouses might respond in negative ways to an ill partner.     

城市居民婚姻压力、社会支持与离婚意向的关系

目的:探讨城市居民婚姻压力、社会支持与离婚意向之间的关系以及社会支持在婚姻压力与离婚意向之间的调节作用。方法:采用城市居民婚姻压力问卷、社会支持量表和离婚意向问卷对422名城市居民进行施测。结果:1婚姻压力与客观支持、支持利用度存在显著正相关(r=0.195,0.118;P均0.05);2离婚意向与客观支持、主观支持和支持利用度之间均存在显著负相关(r=-0.216,-0.310,-0.182;P均0.05);3客观支持、支持利用度对婚姻压力和离婚意向关系的调节作用显著(β=0.143,-0.127;P均0.05)。结论:社会支持是影响城市居民离婚意向的重要因素,并能有效调节婚姻压力与离婚意向的关系。     

社会支持及应对方式与非军嫂心理健康相关性的研究

目的探讨社会支持及应对方式与非随军军嫂心理健康的相关性。方法应用心理学量表对372名非随军军嫂采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行评定、分析。结果社会支持的2个维度与心身症状呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。消极应对方式与SCL-90各项指标呈较高正相关(P<0.01),积极应对方式与SCL-90各项指标呈低相关(P>0.05)。结论社会支持及应对方式与非随军军嫂心理健康有密切关系。     

Discrepant substance use and marital functioning in newlywed couples

The configuration of partners' drinking patterns may be most critical to marital functioning. Implications of discrepant husband and wife smoking, drinking, and drug use for relationship quality at the transition to marriage were examined. Participants were 642 couples entering into their 1st marriage. Separate, self-administered questionnaires were completed at home by each partner. Both husbands and wives in couples in which only 1 partner drank heavily or used drugs reported significantly lower marital quality than other spouses. Husband Use x Wife Use interactions were not significant for cigarette use, alcohol use, or regular drinking. Discrepancies in more deviant substance use behaviors may be most relevant to marital functioning.     

个性与婚姻质量——100对离婚诉讼者配对对照研究

通过100对离婚诉讼夫妇与100对婚姻稳定的夫妇配对对照研究表明,离婚诉讼夫妇均具有情绪不稳定的个性特征较突出。尤以诉讼者(原告)明显,是影响婚姻稳定与满意度的因素之一。精神病质的个性特征主要影响婚姻满意度,与婚姻稳定关系不明显。内外向个性特征未见与婚姻质量的关系。夫妇双方个性维度的类似或互补性不影响婚姻质量,但对配偶个性的评价不满意却是离婚诉讼者的特点之一。     

夫妻冲突对子女情绪影响的研究

目的探讨夫妻冲突对子女抑郁、焦虑情绪的影响,为相关心理干预提供参考。方法采用父母冲突儿童知觉问卷(CPIC)、自编初中生认知情绪调节策略问卷、流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)对635名初中生进行问卷调查。结果夫妻冲突能够有效预测抑郁、焦虑(t=7.883,5.505;P<0.001),在理性思考和积极重新关注进入方程后,预测系数降低但仍然显著;通过构建结构方程模型进一步验证了认知情绪调节策略在夫妻冲突与抑郁、焦虑之间起部分中介作用。结论夫妻冲突对子女的情绪既有直接的作用,又有通过认知情绪调节策略而间接产生的影响。     

Perception of ill spouse and dyadic relationship in couples with affective disorder and those without

BACKGROUND: This study compares the perception of spouses and the quality of the dyadic relationship of patients with severe affective disorders in remission with healthy couples. METHOD: The sample included spouses of patients between the ages of 20 and 65 who had been hospitalized with severe affective illness and who were currently in remission (depressive, n=23; bipolar, n=11) and a control group matched by socioeconomic status. Both groups completed three instruments measuring the quality of the dyadic relationship, attributed characteristics of the spouse and non-formal social support. RESULTS: The spouses of patients, as compared to spouses of controls, scored lower on consensus, unity and expressions of affection in their marital relationship, ranked their ill spouses lower on the positive qualities and higher on the negative qualities and reported receiving less emotional and practical support. Limitations: The limitations of the study are the small sample size and cross sectional design. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that severe affective disorders are associated with marital dysfunction, even during periods of symptom remission.     

影响飞行员婚姻满意度的心理家庭社会因素探讨

目的：探讨飞行员婚姻满意度（Marital Gratification,MG)与心理家庭社会因素的相关性,为开展飞行员婚姻家庭心理咨询和治疗提供依据。方法：对238名飞行员进行Olson婚姻质量问卷的婚姻满意度分量表测评,同时对夫妻双方进行艾森克人格问卷,临床症状自评量表,紧张性生活事件调查表及社会支持评定量表的测评。结果：显示飞行员的MG既受自身也受配偶的心理社会因素交互影响,与个性,情绪,生活事件,社会支持,疾病,年龄这些因素均有显著相关性,多因素分析揭示对飞行员MG贡献最大的因素是飞行员配偶过去的一年中在环境,人际关系,法律方面发生的问题。结论：若要有效开展飞行员婚姻家庭心理咨询和治疗,就必须对飞行员夫妻双方的心理社会因素的进行分析。     

Predictors of psychological distress in carers of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a longitudinal study

BACKGROUND: The majority of people providing informal care for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are spouses. This prospective study set out to examine changes in and predictors of psychological distress in spouse carers of people with ALS. METHOD: Fifty spouse carers of people with ALS underwent an initial interview and at least 21 underwent two further interviews, at median intervals of approximately 5-6 months. They rated the functional impact of their partner's ALS on everyday activities and everyday cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes that might have occurred in the person with ALS. They also rated their own social support and marital relationship, and completed measures of mood, burden and strain. The ALS Severity Scale was also completed for their partner with ALS. RESULTS: Over time, carers' psychological distress (a global measure combining mood, burden and strain) increased significantly. Initially carers' psychological distress was best predicted by the psychosocial impact of their spouse/partners' ALS, the extent to which their partner demonstrated emotional lability and how many other people were considered as dependents of the carer. Subsequently, carer distress was best predicted by an initial measure of negative social support and by their initial satisfaction with their social relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the significant physical impairment associated with ALS, psychosocial factors appear important in determining short- and longer-term psychological well-being in carers of people with ALS and may help clinicians to predict which carers are likely to experience psychological difficulties as part of their caring role.     

Prognostic significance of spouse we talk in couples coping with heart failure

Recent research suggests that marital quality predicts the survival of patients with heart failure (HF), and it is hypothesized that a communal orientation to coping marked by first-person plural pronoun use (we talk) may be a factor in this. During a home interview, 57 HF patients (46 men and 16 women) and their spouses discussed how they coped with the patients' health problems. Analysis of pronoun counts from both partners revealed that we talk by the spouse, but not the patient, independently predicted positive change in the patient's HF symptoms and general health over the next 6 months and did so better than direct self-report measures of marital quality and the communal coping construct. We talk by the patient and spouse did not correlate, however, and gender had no apparent moderating effects on how pronoun use predicted health change. The results highlight the utility of automatic text analysis in couple-interaction research and provide further evidence that looking beyond the patient can improve prediction of health outcomes.