肝癌相关糖蛋白抗原的研究进展

细胞表面糖蛋白是细胞膜的主要成份之一,肿瘤细胞膜糖蛋白的改变,可能是癌细胞出现生物学功能变化的基础。糖蛋白抗原的研究已成为肿瘤基础理论和诊断治疗研究中的一个重要方面。目前肝癌糖蛋白类研究的结果表明,肝癌细胞的岩藻糖化改变很有特征性,提示肝癌细胞的异常岩藻糖化在肝癌的发生和细胞异常生物学活动中具有相当重要的意义。     

肝癌相关糖蛋白抗原的研究进展

细胞表面糖蛋白是细胞膜的主要成份之一，肿瘤细胞膜糖蛋白的改变，可能是癌细胞出现生物学功能变化的基础。糖蛋白抗原的研究已成为肿瘤基础理论和诊断治疗研究中的一个重要方面。目前肝癌糖蛋白类研究的结果表明，肝癌细胞的岩藻糖化改变很有特征性，提示肝癌细胞的异常岩藻糖化在肝癌的发生和细胞异常生物学活动中具有相当重要的意义。     

深度学习在原发性肝癌相关诊断模型中的应用与前景

深度学习是机器学习通过大量数据训练及分析来模拟人脑的学习行为而获得新的知识和技能。随着医学技术的进步,医学领域积累了大量的数据,对数据的研究有助于深入了解数据内的联系与规律,从而有助于预测人类疾病的发生与预后。深度学习通过找出数据中隐藏的信息,在医学领域中的应用日益突出。原发性肝癌是发病率和死亡率很高的恶性肿瘤,预后差,复发率高,如何早期诊断、及时治疗、预测复发等一直是研究重点之一。本文从肝癌发生风险预测、术后复发与生存风险预测等方面闸述深度学习在肝癌诊断及复发方面的应用进展。     

人原发性肝癌组织中PⅢP的免疫组化研究

用免疫组化方法对67例人原发性肝癌及癌旁肝组织PⅢP进行研究,结果发现癌旁肝组织仅在活动性肝病时成纤维细胞及窦周细胞染色阳性,肝癌细胞染色较强。PⅢP的表达与肿瘤生物学特征密切相关。作者认为肝癌细胞PⅢP的高合成能力与肿瘤细胞本身特征或基因表达有关,可能是肝癌细胞所具有的肿瘤生物学特征之一。     

干扰素在肝癌治疗中的应用

干扰素是一种具有广泛生物学活性的细胞因子,不仅具有抗病毒作用,而且具有增强机体抗肿瘤免疫反应、抑制肿瘤血管生成、抗细胞增殖以及诱导细胞分化、凋亡等作用[1].干扰素家族包括α、β、γ三类,大量研究结果显示,干扰素可以预防慢性病毒性肝炎患者中肝癌的发生,并且具有推迟肝癌术后复发及抗肝癌侵袭和转移的作用,在临床实践中有着广泛的应用.     

一氧化氮对原发性肝癌诊疗的意义

一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)在肿瘤血管生成和微循环中起一定作用,有关NO与肿瘤生物学行为的研究也逐渐成为"热点”.原发性肝癌患者血清一氧化氮临床变化情况国内尚未见报道.我们探讨原发性肝癌患者血清NO含量及其对原发性肝癌的诊断、治疗及预后的意义.     

基于NK细胞的免疫治疗在肝癌中的研究进展

自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)是人体重要的免疫细胞，也是肝内主要的淋巴细胞，被认为是抵御肿瘤的第一道防线，对肝癌发生发展有重大影响。NK细胞所具有的特性，使其成为免疫治疗的新选择，基于NK细胞的免疫疗法或将在肝癌治疗中取得成功。本文就NK细胞的生物学特征、其在肝癌发生发展中的作用及相关治疗中的研究进展进行综述。     

肝癌相关差异基因的生物信息学分析

目的采用生物信息学方法对肝癌差异表达基因进行基因功能和信号通路分析,为临床筛选肝癌发生、发展的相关分子标志物及药物靶点提供理论基础。方法从公共数据库(GEO)中获取18例肝癌组织和18例癌旁组织的基因表达阵列数据进行生物信息学分析,筛选差异表达基因。利用DAVID和STRING数据库对差异表达基因进行基因功能、信号通路和蛋白相互作用分析。结果通过对两组数据的差异表达基因筛选,共获得1 108个差异表达基因,其中上调基因605个、下调基因503个。差异表达基因主要涉及细胞周期、DNA复制、癌通路、p53信号通路、黏附、补体途径、三大营养物质代谢及性激素代谢等。通过STRING数据库分析列出位于前20位蛋白互作网络的中心节点蛋白。结论本研究采用生物信息学方法对肝癌基因芯片数据进行挖掘,从基因水平探讨肝癌发生发展的物质基础、分子功能和生物学过程,为肝癌发生的机制研究、肿瘤标志物的筛选及药物靶点选择提供参考。     

蛋白质组学在肝癌发生机制及诊治中的作用

原发性肝癌的发生、发展涉及一系列多基因参与、多步骤协同的复杂过程,通过DNA序列无法解释所有的生物功能,同样的基因组却表达出不同的蛋白质,显示出不同的生物学功能.通过检测肝癌细胞、组织及外周血清蛋白质表达谱,深入开展肝癌发生、发展、复发与转移相关蛋白质结构和功能的研究,对于阐明肝癌发病机制以及研究新的肝癌诊断与治疗方法,具有重要的研究意义和应用价值.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.