静脉皮瓣在断指再植中的应用

目的 探讨静脉皮瓣修复断指再植中血管及皮肤软组织缺损。方法 根据断指再植中血管及皮肤软组织缺损情况，切取同侧上肢腕以上部位体表静脉及皮肤软组织，修复断指中血管及皮肤软组织缺损。结果 本院从2003年8月～2005年8月应用静脉皮瓣修复断指再植中血管及皮肤软组织缺损16例18指，再植指及静脉皮瓣全部成活。结论 应用静脉皮瓣修复断指再植中血管及皮肤软组织缺损，可以提高断指再植的适应证范围。     

游离静脉皮瓣在皮肤软组织缺损性断指再植中的临床应用

目的总结游离静脉皮瓣在皮肤软组织缺损性断指再植中的临床应用。方法对6例伴有长段双侧指固有动脉缺损及皮肤软组织缺损的断指病例,根据断指再植术中血管及皮肤软组织缺损情况,切取同侧腕掌侧静脉皮瓣,桥接指固有动脉重建血运,及覆盖创面。结果 2007年5月～2010年12月应用静脉皮瓣修复断指再植中血管及皮肤软组织缺损6例,再植指及静脉皮瓣全部成活。结论应用静脉皮瓣修复断指再植中血管及皮肤软组织缺损,可以扩大断指再植的适应证范围。     

静脉岛状皮瓣在断指再植中的应用

断指再植若遇有指背静脉及皮肤缺损,通常的方法是尽量缩短骨骼,这样做既使再植成活,患指的功能和外形也不尽人意。有报道应用前臂掌侧静脉皮瓣桥接缺损的静脉与皮肤,由于静脉皮瓣需吻合远近两端的血管,且受区与供区的血管口径常不一致,故手术有一定难度,限制了其临床推广。1995年以来,我们应用邻指静脉岛状皮瓣,修复伴指背皮肤及静脉缺损的断指再植,取得满意效果,现报告如下。     

风筝皮瓣在断指再植中的应用

任志勇等[1]报道,应用游离静脉皮瓣移植修复伴皮肤及血管缺损的断指再植获得成功。由于是静脉皮瓣,术后质地较差,故限制了其在临床上的应用。1995年以来,我们应用邻指风筝皮瓣,修复伴指背皮肤及静脉缺损的断指再植12例,再植指全部成活,功能满意。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:本组共12例,男10例,女2例;年龄18～30岁,平均25岁。伤因:电锯伤8例,机器绞伤3例,挤压伤1例。受伤指别:拇指2例,示指3例,中指5例,环指2例。离断部位:手指近节8例,手指中节4例。背侧皮肤缺损9例,侧方皮肤缺损3例,均伴静脉缺损,但无动脉缺损。断指皮肤缺损面积:1.4cm×2.0cm…     

伴有皮肤软组织缺损及血管缺损的足及小腿离断再植

目的 报道应用显微外科技术进行复合组织移植对伴有皮肤软组织缺损及血管缺损的足及小腿离断再植的临床效果. 方法 彻底清创,固定骨骼,修复肌腱、肌肉、神经,利用显微外科技术应用含有轴型血管的股前外侧皮瓣、小腿内侧皮瓣桥接12例,再植离断肢体并修复皮肤软组织缺损. 结果 再植12例离断肢体全部成活,术后随访6个月～5年,肢体功能恢复良好. 结论 应用显微外科技术施行复合组织块进行复杂断肢再植可获得较好的临床效果.     

手背皮肤缺损伴断指再植成功一例报告

手背皮肤缺损伴断指再植，治疗上比较困难，单纯行断指再植，因静脉回流障碍，可导致再植失败。我科应用游离股前外侧皮瓣所带血管桥接一回流静脉，同时修复创面及再植一例取得成功。患者，男，３６岁，因机器伤致左示指离断伴手背皮肤缺损３h入院。检查：左示指于近节指骨基底     

复杂肢体离断再植的临床治疗体会

目的笔者对收治的复杂性肢体离断再植手术治疗进行分析,为临床工作提供参考性意见,提高临床治疗效果。方法自2009年6月至2014年4月共收治12例患者进行肢体离断再植手术,骨骼一般短缩3~5 cm,2例患者因血管缺损进行血管桥接,重要肌肉功能一期予以修复,不能修复者二期行功能重建手术。对于皮肤及软组织缺损面积较大,骨质及肌腱外露者,一期可使用封闭式负压吸引闭合伤口,二期行皮瓣修复手术。结果 12例肢体再植全部成活,1例术后出现静脉危象,行血管探查术后成活。后期随访,外观及功能较为满意。结论对于临床上的复杂性肢体离断再植手术,在严格掌握手术的适应证的同时,应同样重视术前、术中及术后的治疗。     

复杂伤断指再植的临床体会

目的 探讨复杂伤断批的显微外科手再植术式和治疗。方法 对11例22个复杂伤断指进行细致而彻底的清创。指骨缺损长度大于10mm行节段植骨。采用两定点方法吻合血管。对单纯血管缺损长度大于5mm,切取前臂远端掌侧皮下小静脉移植再植;对指血管－神经－皮肤复合缺损,采用邻指含指固有动脉及半行静脉、指固有神经主干皮瓣转位再植,或切取Mu趾腓侧含趾背静脉、趾底动脉神经的半月形皮瓣桥接再植。结果 术后完全成活19个手指。随访4－31个月,断指再植功能评定：优3指,良12指,差4指,优良率78.9％。结论 各种克服组织缺损的断指再植,获得了较满意的再植后手指长度、外形与功能。     

股前外侧皮瓣在断肢再植术中的应用

目的 探讨股前外侧皮瓣在合并软组织及血管缺损断肢再植术中的疗效.方法 应用股前外侧皮瓣游离移植急诊修复各种外伤原因所致肢体离断伤伴血管及皮肤软组织大面积缺损10例.结果 临床应用10例,除3例皮瓣远端小部分表皮坏死,经二期植皮愈合外,其余皮瓣及再植肢体均完全成活,术后经2～10个月随访,效果满意.结论 股前外侧皮瓣血管解剖位置稳定,血管口径较粗,可游离移植修复皮肤缺损及桥接吻合离断肢体缺损的血管,在伴有血管及皮肤软组织缺损断肢再植术中,具有较好的疗效.     

腕掌侧静脉移植在断指再植中的应用

断指再植中,血管必须在无张力下进行吻合,才能保证再植手术的成功。我院自2001年6月至2006年4月,采用患肢腕掌侧静脉移植修复断指再植中指动静脉缺损83例97指,取得满意效果。现报告如下。     

Dose study of the immunosuppression of FK 506 in canine lung allo-transplantation

The immunosuppressive effect of FK506 (FK) in comparison to cyclosporine A (CsA) on lung graft rejection was demonstrated using 24 mongrel dogs with left lung allotransplanatation. The cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated using donor skin fibroblasts. In eight dogs not given immunosuppression, the grafted lungs lost aeration 5–10 days postoperatively, and histologic findings revealed grade II rejection and cytotoxic activity elevated to between 10.7 and 60.5%, being an average of 31.2% at an effector/target (E/T) ratio of 50. Of 12 dogs treated with FK, none demonstrated a cytotoxic activity of 10% or more at an E/T ratio of 50. Moreover, histologic examinations of the specimens obtained by open chest biopy revealed no signs of rejection during the first 10 postoperative days of FK administration, except in one dog showing grade I rejection from the FK 0.05 mg/kg group. A dose study of the duration until the onset of graft rejection and the elevation of cytotoxic activity after the termination of FK administration revealed approximately 1–2 weeks in the FK 0.05 mg/kg group, 3–4 weeks in the 0.1 mg/kg group, and later in the 0.4 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg groups. However, severe body weight loss was seen in the 0.4 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg groups postoperatively, without recovery even after the termination of FK. In fact, two dogs died of pneumonia possibly derived from general emaciation. These results suggest the optimal concentration of FK in canine lung allo-transplantation to be 0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly.     

逆行指背神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复邻指背侧皮肤缺损

目的探讨逆行指背神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复邻指背侧皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法采用逆行指背神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复18例邻指背侧皮肤缺损患者。创面面积为1.0 cm×0.5 cm~4.0 cm×1.8 cm,皮瓣设计面积为2.0 cm×1.0 cm~5.0 cm×2.0 cm。观察皮瓣成活情况及供区手指功能情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。皮瓣均成活。末次随访时,皮瓣质地优良,外形美观,不臃肿,无明显色素沉着;供区手指损伤小,经过康复练习,无手指屈伸活动障碍。结论以逆行指背神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复邻指背侧皮肤缺损,具有操作简单、供区损伤小、术后患者姿势舒适等优点,临床效果满意。     

氨甲环酸对损伤后皮肤纹理的修复作用

目的:探讨氨甲环酸对化学损伤和物理损伤后皮肤纹理的修复作用。方法:5%SLS溶液反复涂抹形成化学损伤模型,3MED照射后形成物理损伤模型。两种不同皮肤损伤模型同时应用5%氨甲环酸水溶液进行涂抹。应用皮肤扫描仪对氨甲环酸组和自我修复组的皮肤纹理改变进行14天观察。结果:氨甲环酸可有效改善化学损伤后质地参数,物理损伤中仅可改善NRJ;氨甲环酸可改善两种损伤后的皮肤表面光滑度和细纹。结论:氨甲环酸在14天内对因化学或物理损伤引起的皮肤表面纹理有显著改善作用。     

新生儿乳房爬行运动对早期母乳喂养的影响

目的 探讨新生儿乳房爬行运动对母乳喂养的影响,为促进母乳喂养提供参考.方法 采用随机数字表法将104例初产妇随机分为观察组和对照组各52例;观察组新生儿娩出后实施乳房爬行运动90 min;对照组新生儿常规护理后实施母婴皮肤接触,至母亲会阴伤口缝合并检查完毕(约30 min).比较两组首次母乳喂养得分和成功率、第2次母乳喂养新生儿自主含接乳头成功率、产后泌乳启动时间和泌乳素水平、出院时和产后1个月纯母乳喂养率.结果 观察组50例、对照组48例完成研究.观察组首次母乳喂养得分和成功率、第2次母乳喂养新生儿自主含接乳头成功率和出院时纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组,泌乳启动时间显著短于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),而两组产后泌乳素水平和产后1个月纯母乳喂养率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 乳房爬行运动能够实现新生儿自主觅乳行为,对早期母乳喂养有促进作用,缩短初产妇产后泌乳启动时间,提高出院时纯母乳喂养率.     

Nasal Correction in Hyperteleorbitism: The Short and the Long Nose

The soft tissue deformities associated with hyperteleorbitism often present serious reconstructive problems. Although skeletal correction is the basic preliminary step, the final result depends on the quality of the soft tissue and nasal repair. The patients are not interested in the postoperative intercanthal distance or the appearance of the X-ray film. What they want is a good aesthetic appearance and this is closely related to the shape and size of the nose. The short wide noses of the true hyperteleorbitism must be differentiated from the long noses associated with meningoencephalocele and pseudohypertelorism. For the first group, narrowing of the nose and the use of a forehead flap is indicated according to the severity of the problem. For the second group, shortening of the nose is accomplished by transverse resection of skin via a U shaped incision or skin replacement with a forehead flap. Downward sliding of forehead and brows may be necessary. The indication for each procedure is discussed and the different techniques are described.     

Surgical procedures for melanoma in public and private New South Wales hospitals, 2001-2002

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that there is considerable variation in the types of procedures used to treat cancer. This variation may result in suboptimal or cost-ineffective care. The present study examined the variation in surgical treatment of melanoma before the establishment of a Melanoma Network that could promote more uniform high-quality care in New South Wales (NSW). The variations in the use of surgical procedures for melanoma by NSW Area Health Service of patient residence were examined. METHODS: Data in the Health Information Exchange of NSW Health collected on procedures carried out on patients with a diagnosis of melanoma in NSW public and private hospitals from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002 were examined. Data were aggregated by Area Health Services of patient residence. These data were compared with the numbers of new cases of melanoma notified to the NSW Central Cancer Registry in the same areas in 2001-2002. Excision of skin lesions, skin grafting and numbers and types of lymph node procedures were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, the Central Cancer Registry reported that there were 3085 notifications of melanoma, whereas hospital inpatient data recorded that 6864 procedures were carried out for patients with a melanoma diagnosis in NSW public and private hospitals. Sixty-seven per cent of procedures were carried out in private hospitals. A total of 852 skin grafting procedures were recorded. Of these, 60% were carried out in private hospitals. The average proportion of skin grafts associated with excisions in NSW was 30% (range, 0-53%). Eight hundred and fifty-eight lymph node procedures were recorded for 747 NSW residents. These were biopsies, excisions or both. Forty per cent were carried out in private hospitals. The average proportion of new cases of melanoma associated with a lymph node procedure in NSW was 28% (range, 0-47%). CONCLUSION: Most of the inpatient procedures for patients with melanoma were carried out in private hospitals. The proportions of new cases that underwent skin grafting after excision, or underwent lymph node dissection, varied more than fivefold from one Area Health Service to another. This may indicate variations in casemix, variations in clinical practice or both.     

两种薄中厚皮片治疗皮肤撕脱伤临床效果对比研究

目的:对比研究撕脱皮肤反取薄中厚皮片与常规切取薄中厚皮片在治疗皮肤撕脱伤中的移植效果。方法:选取2008年6月~2012年6月就诊的52例四肢皮肤撕脱伤患者为研究对象,其中23例因撕脱皮肤毁损严重无法利用,只能采用常规切取薄中厚皮片游离移植修复撕脱伤创面,其余29例利用撕脱皮肤反取制备薄中厚皮片,全部薄中厚皮片打孔直径1cm,术后均采取加压包扎。结果:所有移植皮片均成活,常规切取薄中厚皮片移植的23例患者中,Ⅰ期愈合者21例,Ⅰ期愈合率为91.3%;撕脱皮肤反取薄中厚皮片的29例患者中,Ⅰ期愈合者24例,Ⅰ期愈合率为82.8%。结论:常规切取薄中厚皮片移植与撕脱皮肤反取薄中厚皮片移植的Ⅰ期愈合率相仿,临床应尽可能利用撕脱皮肤反取制备薄中厚皮片移植修复撕脱伤创面,如撕脱皮肤难以利用则应选用薄中厚皮片移植修复。     

急诊自体皮肤回植联合Ⅰ期皮片移植治疗四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤

目的:总结整形技术处理急诊四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤的治疗经验。方法:12例四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤,其中9例合并四肢骨折,手术彻底清创,采取多科协作,撕脱皮肤反取皮植皮联合Ⅰ期中厚皮片移植治疗,效果良好。结果:12例患者中9例合并四肢骨折,10例Ⅰ期植皮存活,2例Ⅱ期手术植皮成功,9例骨折者仅一例骨折二次固定成功,四肢功能均恢复良好。结论:多科协作,整形外科技术应用中厚皮片回植联合游离植皮治疗大面积皮肤撕脱伤的疗效可靠,最大程度地保全肢体的外观及功能。     

Skin surface pH, moisture, and pruritus in haemodialysis patients

Pruritus is one of the most common complaints of haemodialysedpatients. However, its patho-genesis remains unclear. Drynessof the skin and the effects of pH changes on the nerve endingsin the skin have been suggested as related factors. In the presentstudy we measured skin pH using a skin pH meter and skin moistureusing a corneometer at four different sites in 41 haemodialysispatients, before and after dialysis, and in 40 healthy controls.Thirty patients (73%) complained of pruritus, six severe constant,12 moderate and 12 mild. Skin surface pH was higher in patientsthan in controls in the upper back (5.54 + 0.14 versus 5.22± 0.08, P<0.02), forearm (5.5±0.1 versus 5.13± 0.1, P<0.01) and forehead (5.35±0.08 versus5.04±0.07, P<0.004), whereas there was no differencein the axilla. Haemodialysis had no effect on skin pH, and therewas no correlation with blood pH, blood bicarbonate and serumelectrolytes. There was no correlation between skin surfacepH and pruritus. Skin moisture was lower in haemodialysis patientsthan in controls in the forehead and axilla. There was no correlationwith pruritus. Skin surface pH is higher in haemodialysed patients than inhealthy controls in most areas of the body, despite the factthat these patients have a decreased blood pH. Thus, the skinpH is not related to systemic acid-base balance. It is possiblethat the uraemic state affects the ability of the dermal cellsto secrete acid, making the skin more susceptible to bacterialand fungal infections. Pruritus, however, is not related tothis defect in skin acid secretion. Moreover, pruritus is notrelated to skin moisture. The pathogenesis of pruritus in haemodialysispatients continues to be an enigma.     

阴囊皮瓣转移修复阴茎皮肤缺损

目的探讨一种操作简便而有效地修复阴茎皮肤缺损的手术方法.方法自1995年1月以来,应用阴囊皮瓣转移修复阴茎皮肤感染坏死所致皮肤缺损8例.其中6例为阴茎全周皮肤缺损,2例为2/3周皮肤缺损.手术切除创面肉芽组织,显露正常的阴茎海绵体或尿道海绵体筋膜,使阴茎充分伸展,设计、解剖、形成阴囊皮瓣,旋转转移至阴茎皮肤缺损区,边缘缝合固定.对阴囊皮肤缺损较大者,同期应用股内侧局部皮瓣转移修复阴囊皮肤缺损.结果本组8例手术全部成功,术后3～12个月随访,阴茎外形良好,生理功能恢复正常.结论阴囊皮瓣转移是一种较好的修复阴茎皮肤缺损的手术方法,具有操作简便、手术Ⅰ期完成、术后阴茎外形和生理功能恢复均佳的优点,值得推广应用.