皮层体感诱发电位术中监护脊髓损伤的实验研究

目的：为开展皮层体感诱发电位（ＣＳＥＰ）术中监护脊髓损伤，判断损伤程度及确定脊髓损伤的警戒线。方法：采用４２只家犬，分别造成静压型和加速压迫型脊髓损伤，术中ＣＳＥＰ动态监测，并观察术后１～３个月脊髓功能恢复情况。结果：静压３０分钟所造成的脊髓损伤，虽然波幅较术前下降１００％，并无危险，若能及时彻底解除压迫，脊髓功能日后可基本恢复正常。加速压迫型脊髓损伤ＣＳＥＰ术中监护安全范围是Ｐ１潜伏期较术前延长不超过１．５倍，波幅下降＜５０％。结论：ＣＳＥＰ术中监护脊髓损伤准确可靠，为成功地用于临床提供了依据。     

经腹脊髓损伤后体感诱发电位变化的实验研究

目的：利用犬作经腹脊髓损伤在不同压强下观察体感发电位（ＳＥＰ）的变化。方法：记录１２只狗在不同的损伤强度（３２、３６、４０ｋＰａ）下的脊髓诱发电位（ＳＣＥＰ）和皮层体感诱发电位（ＣＳＥＰ）,并比较了它们之间的改变。结果：狗的脊髓受压后ＳＣＥＰ和ＣＳＥＯＰ的波幅降低,潜伏期延长,其发迹有显著性意义,而Ｐ波和Ｎ波之间改变无显著性差别。结论：敏感性性ＳＣＥＰ比ＣＳＥＰ相对较高,,对脊髓损伤预后的评估ＣＳ     

35例多发性硬化患者视听体感及脊髓传导速度的对比研究

对３５例多发性硬化（ＭＳ）患者的脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）、体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）及脊髓传导速度（ＳＣＣＶ）进行对比研究。结果发现ＳＣＣＶ异常率最高（７１．４％），其中以胸腰髓同时受损的发生率最高（７２．０％）；ＢＡＥＰ最低（５１．６％）；２８例同时作了四项诱发电位，以两项异常的发生率最高（３５．７％），同时发现上下肢神经ＳＥＰ近场电位异常比例高，上肢神经Ｎ２０为６０．７％、下肢Ｐ３８为７９．４％；ＢＡＥＰ以Ⅴ波及Ⅲ～Ⅴ＞Ⅰ～Ⅲ异常率最高，分别为４０．６％、３４．４％。认为诊断ＭＳ应首选ＳＣＣＶ，并应同时作两项以上的诱发电位检查     

52例周围神经损害SLSEP测定的意义

目的：探讨周围神经损害患者进行短潜伏期体感诱发电位（ＳＬＳＥＰ）测定的意义。方法：对５２例周围神经损害患者常规进行了ＳＬＳＥＰ检查。并同时作肌电图（ＥＭＧ）运动神经传导速度（ＭＣＶ），感觉神经传导速度（ＳＣＶ），结果均以３０例健康人所测作对照。结果ＳＬＳＥＰ，ＥＭＧ，ＭＣＶ和ＳＣＶ的异常率分别为９２％，８３％，７５％和８１％，结论ＳＬＳＥＰ对周围神经系统受损程度，部位的判断有独到之处，但还应结合临     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的诱发电位,CT和脑电图研究

目的：研究急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病（ＤＥＡＣＭＰ）患者的诱发电位（ＥＰ）、ＣＴ和脑电图（ＥＥＧ）。方法：对４６例ＤＥＡＣＭＰ患者进行ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ检查，结果：异常率体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）８３％、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）６３％，脑士听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）３０％，ＣＴ７１％，ＥＥＧ１００％。ＳＥＰ中的Ｐ４０、Ｎ５０，Ｐ６０和Ｎ７５峰潜伏期（ＰＬ）比正常对照组显著延长，ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００ＰＬ较对照     

遗传性运动感觉性神经病合并肥厚性心肌病的3D—TCD,rCBF,BAEP…

目的了解遗传性运动感觉性神经病（ＨＭＳＮ）合并肥厚心肌病（ＨＣＭ）的经颅多普勒（ＴＣＤ）局部脑血流量（ｃＣＢＦ），脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）和心电图（ＥＣＧ）的变化。方法，对一家三代ＨＭＳＮ合并ＨＣＭ１２例患者和１例无症状者常规进行了这四项检查，结果ＴＣＤ，ｒＣＢＦ，ＢＡＥＰ和ＥＣＧ的异常率分别为８５％，７６％，９２％和９２％。结论绝大多烽ＨＭＳＮ合并ＨＣＭ患者的ＴＣＤ，ｒＣＢＦ，ＢＡＥＰ和ＥＣ     

遗传性共济失调临床与诱发电位

本文对５８例遗传性共济失调（ＨＡ）患者进行了视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）、脑干诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）、正中神经体感诱发电位（ＭＮＳＥＰ）、胫神经体感诱发电位（ＴＮＳＥＰ）检查分析。结果表明：ＴＮＳＥＰ异常率最高（７７．５８％），其次为ＢＡＥＰ（５８．６２％），ＭＮＳＥＰ（４８．２８％），ＶＥＰ（２２．４１％）。而ＯＣＡ，ＯＰＣＡ两组诱发电位异常率高于ＨＳＡ和ＨＳＰ两组。反映出ＨＡ神经系统的多系统损害，有助ＨＡ的诊断。     

短潜时体感诱发电位对重度颅脑外伤术后昏迷病人的预后评估

目的探讨短潜时体感诱发电位（ＳＳＥＰ）评估重度颅脑外伤术后昏迷病人预后的价值。方法对重度颅脑外伤６０例术后７２小时内行ＳＳＥＰ检查，并比较ＳＳＥＰ分级与格拉斯哥评分（ＧＣＳ）对术后６个月预后的影响。结果预后良好者３８例，预后不良者２２例。如以两侧均测得Ｎ２０波为预后良好的指标，其阳性率为８７％，灵敏度为９２％，特异性为７７％；以一侧或两侧Ｎ２０波缺失为预后不良的指标，则三者分别为８５％、７７％和９２％。结论ＳＳＥＰ可作为一种新的预后评估手段，其中Ｎ２０波的存在与否是重要的指标     

磁刺激运动诱发电位在多发性周围神经病中的诊断价值

对１２例多发性周围神经病患者进行磁刺激运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）测定，同时测定感觉神经传导速度（ＳＣＶ）、运动神经传导速度（ＭＣＶ）及Ｆ波。结果发现，ＭＥＰ潜伏期异常率为７５％，高于ＳＣＶ（６６．７％）和ＭＣＶ（５８．２％）及Ｆ波（６０％）；至少有１项ＭＥＰ指标异常者１１例，占９１．７％。分析认为，ＭＥＰ异常率较高的原因在于它可以对包括神经根在内的周围神经全长进行测定。将ＭＥＰ各项指标综合分析可提高ＭＥＰ的阳性率。ＭＥＰ对周围神经病是一项有较大价值的辅助检查手段。     

体感诱发电位在脊髓损伤后药物疗效观察中的应用

目的观察大鼠脊髓损伤后药物对体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）的影响。方法４８只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠脊髓损伤术后立即给小檗胺或尼莫地平１次，术后２、４、８小时各给同样药１次，以后每日２次给药，至术后２周。分别于术前及术后４周在麻醉状态下进行ＳＥＰ检查。结果脊髓损伤后４周各组实验动物的ＳＥＰ潜伏期都有一定程度的延长，脊髓传导速度明显下降。大剂量小檗胺组与对照组相比其潜伏期及损伤部位的传导时间均明显缩短，损伤部位的传导速度明显加快，与对照组相比差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＳＥＰ能客观评价脊髓的神经传导功能，对脊髓损伤后药物疗效观察有一定的客观意义。     

Intra- and postoperative factors determining neurological complications after surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: a retrospective somatosensory evoked potential study.

OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative median nerve SEP monitoring uses the disappearance of cortical and brain stem activities as the criterion to determine that brain cooling is sufficient in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (CA) surgery. This study presents the results of a retrospective SEP analysis of intraoperative events that engendered neurological complications. METHODS: Median nerve SEP monitoring was performed on 58 consecutive patients who underwent surgery under deep hypothermic CA. The monitoring was retrospectively analyzed and compared with intraoperative events, and postoperative symptoms. RESULTS: Intraoperative SEP abnormalities were observed in 9 out of the 16 patients who presented neurological complications. Among the 7 others, the abnormalities either were present preoperatively (n = 2), occurred postoperatively (n = 3) or only involved the lower limbs (n = 2). Although the mere inspection of the intraoperative SEPs was insufficient to determine the origin of the alterations, their comparison with intraoperative events facilitated the identification of hemodynamic factors in 7 cases and embolism in two cases. There were no patients in whom CA per se caused neurological complications. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative SEP monitoring helps identify intraoperative events responsible for neurological complications and prevent these in subsequent procedures. However, the neurological complications of deep hypothermic CA can also be due to pre- or postoperative factors that escape the domain of intraoperative monitoring.     

颅内动脉瘤术中诱发电位监测的初步探讨

目的 初步探讨颅内动脉瘤手术中躯体感觉诱发电位、脑干听觉诱发电位及运动诱发电位的临床应用价值.方法 在16例动脉瘤手术中开展诱发电位监测,观察术中电生理信号改变与术后神经功能状态的关系.结果 11例术中未出现电生理信号异常改变,5例术中出现了异常信号,其中信号未能恢复正常的4例术后均出现新发神经功能障碍.结论 诱发电位监测可实时了解颅内动脉瘤手术中有无脑缺血所致的神经功能障碍,对指导手术及评估预后均有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the application of intraoperative neuroelectrophysiological monitoring on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) during intracranial aneurysm surgery.Methods SEP, BAEP or MEPs were monitored during operations on 16 patients with intracranial aneurysms.The relationship between the intraoperative changes of electrophysiological signals and the postoperative outcomes of neurological deficits was evaluated.Results 11 patients without abnormal intraoperative electrophysiological signal changes demonstrated no new neurological deficits after surgery.However, in the left 5 patients, abnormal changes of intraoperative electrophysiological signals were detected.Among these 5 patients, 4 with abnormal electrophysiological signals which were not recovered intraoperatively demonstrated new developed functional deficits immediately after surgery.Conclusion During intracranial aneurysm surgery, the monitoring on SEP, MEP and BAEP is beneficial not only to timely detecting neurological functional deficits resulted from intraoperative cerebral ischemia, but also to properly guiding surgical manipulation, and to reliably predicting postoperative outcome as well.     

Subpially recorded cervical spinal cord evoked potentials in syringomyelia.

Intraoperative spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) to median nerve stimulation were detected subpially from the dorsal surface of the cervical spinal cord in 5 patients with cervical syringomyelia and were compared to normal SCEPs obtained from the unaffected side in 6 patients during intraoperative monitoring of dorsal root entry zone lesion. Normal SCEP began with a positive deflection P9 and a complex N11/N13 with several low amplitude short potentials superimposed on the N11/N13. The complex was followed by a second negative potential N2 and a late prolonged positivity, P. In the 4 patients in whom median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were present preoperatively, SCEP consisted of the N11 potential and the following low amplitude short (LAS) potentials, while the N13 wave was missing. In the fifth patient, in whom the preoperative median nerve SEP was missing, SCEPs were of much lower amplitude and shorter duration than normal. The potentials N2 and P were not recorded in any of our 5 patients. Changes in N13 wave, N2 and P potentials noted in syringomyelia were presumed to be the result of destruction of the spinal cord dorsal horn neurons caused by spinal cord central cavitation.     

Spinal cord monitoring

Over the past two decades, intraoperative spinal cord monitoring has matured into a widely used clinical tool. It is used when the spinal cord is at risk for damage during a surgical procedure. This includes orthopedic, neurosurgical, and certain cardiothoracic procedures. Both somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and direct motor pathway stimulation techniques are available. The SEP techniques are used most widely, are generally accepted, and have been shown to reduce surgical morbidity. A large multicenter study has shown that SEP monitoring reduces postoperative paraplegia by more than 50-60%. Techniques and literature on clinical applications are reviewed in this report.     

Evoked potential monitoring in carotid surgery: a review of 994 cases.

Intraoperative monitoring of brain function is desirable in carotid artery surgery to detect possible complications, but the monitoring methods must be simple to perform, sensitive, and reliable. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring fulfills these criteria. Between 1985 and 1990, we performed 994 operations of the carotid artery with SEP monitoring. In 92% of the cases, we were able to obtain viable SEP tracings. In seven cases, irreversible SEP loss was followed by a new neurologic deficit. In one case only, neurologic complications ensued without SEP loss. Although immediate intraoperative therapeutic options are limited, the monitoring enhances patient security by allowing intraoperative detection and postoperative analysis of complications. SEP monitoring appears to be at least as effective as conventional EEG monitoring. The viability, sensitivity, and reliability of newer methods, such as modified spectral EEG analysis, must be measured by this established procedure.     

电生理监测下显微手术切除胸段脊髓腹侧脊膜瘤

目的探讨在电生理监测下显微手术切除胸椎腹侧脊膜瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2012年12月收治的68例胸段脊髓腹侧脊膜瘤患者临床资料。采用后正中入路手术切除肿瘤,所有手术均在电生理监测下进行。结果肿瘤全切62例（91．2％）,大部分切除6例（8．8％）。术后1周神经功能障碍改善46例,无变化10例,加重8例。术后64例（94．2％）随访4个月。2年,神经功能均较术前改善,其中完全正常者55例;无肿瘤复发。结论采用显微手术切除胸段脊段腹侧脊膜瘤是治疗该病有效的方法,术中电生理监测有助于手术的安全进行。     

颅内前循环动脉瘤术中诱发电位监测效果评估

目的 探讨全静脉麻醉下经颅电刺激运动诱发电位(TES-MEPs)联合体感诱发电位(SEP)监测颅内前循环动脉瘤手术及预防缺血性卒中的应用价值.方法 47例颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术患者,术中行SEP和TES-MEPs联合监测,以神经功能检查作为评价指标,比较术前和术后神经功能的改变和诱发电位变化之间的关系.结果 43例神经功能未见显著改变,4例神经功能出现不同程度下降,其中3例MEP及SEP同时出现波幅下降＞50%或消失,且手术结束时未恢复至基线水平,与术后神经功能障碍发生具有一致性.结论 术中监测指标的改变可较早地获得脑缺血的证据,联合SEP与MEP监测有利于降低术后缺血性脑卒中的发生.     

体感诱发电位动态监测在神经外科手术中保护运动功能的应用

目的探讨体感诱发电位(SEP)监测技术在神经外科手术中保护运动功能的临床应用价值。方法对54例神经外科患者手术中实时监测SEP,当术中波形发生异常变化时调整手术操作以改善SEP,评估发生各型变化的患者术后运动功能情况。分析对比术中、术毕SEP变化与术后肌力的改变,并应用χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果术中36例患者出现Ⅰ型SEP变化,其中34例患者术后肌力未见明显异常,2例患者肌力较前减退;7例患者出现Ⅱ型SEP变化,术后均未出现运动功能障碍;5例患者出现Ⅲ型SEP变化,术后均出现肌力减退;6例患者出现Ⅳ型SEP变化,术后5例患者出现肢体完全偏瘫。术中术毕SEP无变化组肌力下降率显著低于变化组。结论在神经外科手术中动态监测SEP能实时发现神经功能损伤,便于术者及时采取措施保护神经功能。根据SEP的改变还有助于预测患者术后的运动功能。     

神经电生理监测下椎管内肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨神经电生理监测在椎管内肿瘤的显微外科治疗中的作用。方法 2013年5月至2015年5月显微手术治疗椎管内肿瘤49例,术中采用体感诱发电位（SEP）联合运动诱发电位（MEP）监测辅助。结果 术中诱发电位结果:真阳性26例（26/29）,假阳性 3例;真阴性 17例（17/20）,假阴性3例。肿瘤全切除34例,次全切除6例,部分切除9例;无手术死亡。术后41例随访6个月至2年,神经功能改善31例（75.6%）,无变化4例（9.8%）,加重6例（14.6%）;复发9例。结论 对于椎管内肿瘤的显微外科治疗,术中采用SEP和MEP联合监测,有助于提高肿瘤全切率,减少术后并发症,改善脊髓神经功能。     

Variability of central conduction in the course of multiple sclerosis. Serial recordings of evoked potentials in the evaluation of therapy

In 27 normal subjects evoked potentials (EPs) were serially measured across an interval of 3.5 months. The variation in latencies of the P100 component of the VEP and of the components N13 and N20 of the SEP did not exceed 12% of the absolute values of these latencies on the first recording. The VEP and SEP were also serially recorded over the same interval in 35 patients with 'clinically definite' multiple sclerosis. Changes of the latencies exceeding those of normal subjects were noted in 30% of the cases. The changes in the EPs showed no correlation with the variations in the overall clinical disability. It is argued that EPs are probably more sensitive to changes in function of parts of the white matter than the clinical examination and are useful in the quantification of these changes. As a model for future studies, EPs were used in the 'evaluation' of ACTH therapy. It appeared, that therapy did not have effect on the EPs.