新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清IL-6水平变化及与脑实质CT值的相互关系

目的：探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿血清IL-6水平 与脑实质CT值的变化规律及其相关性。方法：采用ELISA法对37例HIE患儿 和12例对照组新生儿血清IL-6水平进行动态测定。同时采用西门子Smatom CR型全身CT扫 描机单纯头颅平扫，在CT诊断分度的同时测定脑实质CT值。结果：轻、中 、重度HIE患儿急性期血清IL-6水平均较恢复期明显增高(均P<0.01)，并明显高于 同期对照组水平(均P<0.01)，3组患儿中尤以重度组增高显著；恢复期重度HIE组血 清IL-6水平仍高于对照组(P<0.01)，而轻、中度HIE组与对照组无显著性差异。轻 、中、重度HIE患儿脑实质CT值均明显低于对照组(均P<0.01)；相关分析发现，急 性期患儿血清IL-6水平与脑实质CT值呈显著负相关(r=-0.893，P<0.01) ，而恢复期患儿血清IL-6水平与脑实质CT值无相关关系。结论：IL-6在 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的发病中起重要作用。血清IL-6水平测定可作为HIE诊断及评价脑损 伤程度的重要参考指标。     

过敏性紫癜患儿急性期淋巴细胞凋亡与血清可溶性Fas和FasL变化的关系

目的 探讨过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿急性期外周血淋巴细胞凋亡与血清可溶性Fasm(sFas)、可溶性FasL(sFasL)水平变化及其相互关系。方法 选择HSP患儿及健康儿童各33例。分别应用形态法、间接免疫荧光法、双抗夹心ABC-ELISA法检测外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率、CD25^ 细胞百分率及血清sFas及sFasL水平。结果 HSP患儿急性期外周血淋巴细胞培养0、48h凋亡率均显著高于正常对照组(P均＜0．01)；HSP组培养48h CD25^ 细胞百分率显著低于正常对照组(P＜0．01)，HSP患儿外周血淋巴细胞培养48h凋亡率与CD25^ 细胞百分率呈负相关(r＝-0．61 P＜0．05)；血清sFas及sFasL水平较正常对照组明显升高(P均＜0．01)；HSP患儿外周血淋巴细胞培养48h凋亡率与sFasL水平呈正相关(r＝0．69 P＜0．05)，与sFas水平呈负相关(r＝-0．58 P＜0．05)。结论 HSP患儿外周血淋巴细胞凋亡过度和血清sFas、sFasL水平升高，与患者免疫功能紊乱关系密切。血清sFasL升高是HSP患儿淋巴细胞凋亡过度的重要原因之一。     

神经生长因子、可溶性Fas在病毒性心肌炎中的表达意义

目的探讨神经生长因子(NGF)、可溶性Fas(sFas)在病毒性心肌炎(VM患儿)中表达,及NGFs、Fas与免疫反应的关系,旨在为VM的诊断和治疗提供新的依据。方法收集25例急性期和18例迁延及慢性VM患儿血清,其中急性期12例患儿为连续检测,即在病程1个月内、1~2个月、3~6个月各检测1次。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定NGF、SFas水平,测定病程不同时期VM患儿两个指标水平变化,并与20例健康患儿作对照。结果血清NGF、sFas在VM患儿病程在1个月内、1~2个月迁延期及慢性期表达水平增高,与对照组比较有明显差异(P均<0.01),而病程2~3个月急性期患儿血清NGF、sFas的表达水平渐下降,虽然仍高于对照组,但无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论NGF、sFas可能参与VM发病的病理生理过程,NGFs、Fas水平增高进一步证实VM的发病与免疫因素有关。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血清抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2变化的意义

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2在血清中的动态变化,及其与头颅CT、血钙之间的相互关联。方法HIE患儿44例,临床分为轻、中、重度3组。用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定其血清Bcl-2水平。结果1.急性期血清Bcl-2水平均明显高于恢复期(Pa<0.01)。2.急性期血清Bcl-2水平中、重度组均明显高于对照组(Pa<0.01),轻度组与对照组无明显差异。3.重度HIE恢复期血清Bcl-2水平仍显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。4.血清Bcl-2水平与钙离子水平呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。5.头颅CT的表现与血清Bcl-2关系不明显。结论1.血清中Bcl-2水平与疾病程度一致,可作为判断HIE神经细胞凋亡程度的实验室指标。2.钙离子内流可能造成了Bcl-2重新分布。3.重度脑病血清中Bcl-2水平较高且消退延迟,提示脑细胞凋亡时间较长,应引起重视并延长疗程。     

神经元特异性烯醇酶在早期评估新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病预后中的价值

目的探讨神经元特异性烯醇酶(NSE)、新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA)缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)临床分度和CT分度等方法在HIE预后判断早期评估中的意义.方法对30例HIE患儿在生后第2天检测血清NSE浓度,生后7d内进行临床分度、CT分度和NBNA评分,10例足月新生儿为对照组.结果HIE组血清NSE浓度明显高于对照组.重度HIE组的NSE高于轻、中度HIE组.HIE组的NBNA评分低于对照组(P＜0.01),重度HIE组的NBNA低于轻、中度HIE患儿.头部CT呈轻、中、重度改变的HIE患儿NSE浓度高于对照组;NBNA评分低于对照组,其中重度CT改变的HIE患儿NSE高于轻、中度组,NBNA则低于轻、中度组.血清NSE浓度分别与HIE临床分度、CT分度呈正相关,与NBNA评分呈负相关;HIE临床分度、CT分度、NBNA及血清NSE浓度预测预后的敏感性分别为100%、100%、85.71%、和100%,特异性分别为45.45%、45.45%、51.66%和58.33%.结论血清NSE浓度对HIE预后的预测价值较高,为HIE预后的早期评估提供了新的参考指标.     

神经元特异性烯醇酶在早期评估新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病预后中的价值

目的探讨神经元特异性烯醇酶(NSE)、新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA)缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)临床分度和CT分度等方法在HIE预后判断早期评估中的意义。方法 对30例HIE患儿在生后第2天检测血清NSE浓度,生后7 d内进行临床分度、CT分度和NBNA评分,10例足月新生儿为对照组。结果HIE组血清NSE浓度明显高于对照组。重度HIE组的NSE高于轻、中度HIE组。HIE组的NBNA评分低于对照组(P<0.01),重度HIE组的NBNA低于轻、中度HIE患儿。头部CT呈轻、中、重度改变的HIE患儿NSE浓度高于对照组;NBNA评分低于对照组,其中重度CT改变的HIE患儿NSE高于轻、中度组,NBNA则低于轻、中度组。血清NSE浓度分别与HIE临床分度、CT分度呈正相关,与NBNA评分呈负相关;HIE临床分度、CT分度、NBNA及血清NSE浓度预测预后的敏感性分别为100％、100％、85.71％、和100％,特异性分别为45.45％、45.45％、51.66％和58.33％。结论血清NSE浓度对HIE预后的预测价值较高,为HIE预后的早期评估提供了新的参考指标。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平变化的意义

目的探讨血清和脑脊液(CSF)神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平变化在缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿中的意义。方法常规留取重度窒息足月新生儿生后12~24 h和HIE恢复期血清和CSF标本,同时留取正常足月新生儿血清标本作对照,采用免疫放射分析法(IRMA)对符合纳入标准的41例HIE和10例正常足月新生儿的标本进行NSE水平检测。患儿均按常规进行监护和治疗。结果1.急性期HIE各组及对照组患儿血清NSE水平[分别为(30.81±4.55)(、43.63±8.20)(、62.13±17.55)、(21.85±2.53)μg/L]间均有显著性差异(F=30.98 P<0.01),且HIE程度越重,NSE水平越高(P<0.01);2.对照组与轻、中、重度HIE恢复组患儿血清NSE水平差异无显著性[分别为(15.35±4.59)(、19.92±6.29)(、20.92±7.58)(、23.65±9.50)μg/L)](F=2.41 P>0.05),重度HIE未恢复组患儿血清NSE水平[(77.03±20.94)μg/L]仍明显高于其他组,差异有极显著意义(P<0.01);3.HIE组患儿血清与CSF中NSE水平呈明显正相关(r=0.81 P<0.01)。结论血清NSE水平的变化用于判断新生儿HIE的发生及程度有重要的参考意义。     

颗粒酶B和可溶性Fas配体在病毒性心肌炎血清中的表达与心脏超声心功能的关系

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎(VM)患儿急性期血清颗粒酶B(GrB)和可溶性FasL(sFasL)水平变化及其与心脏超声和心脏收缩功能的关系。方法采用ELISA方法检测60例VM和40例健康儿童血清GrB和sFasL水平,同时对VM患儿行心脏超声及心功能检查。测定心脏指数(CI)、射血分数(EF)、心轴缩短率(SF)、每搏指数(SI)、左室内径(LV)、左房内径(LA)、右室内径(RV)。结果VM组GrB和sFasL水平显著高于对照组(P均<0.01);VM患儿血清GrB与sFasL水平呈正相关(r=0.7608 P<0.05);VM组GrB和sFasL升高者,心脏超声检查示心脏扩大、心肌动度减弱和心功能下降发生率明显增加(P均<0.05)。结论血清GrB和sFasL可作为判断VM患儿心肌损害程度及评估心功能的辅助指标。     

病毒性心肌炎患儿血清sFas、sFasL的表达水平

目的 探讨可溶性Fas(sFas)及其配体(sFasL)在小儿病毒性心肌炎中的表达以及与细胞凋亡和免 疫反应的关系。方法 采用ELISA法对21例病毒性心肌炎患儿和20例健康儿童进行血清sFas和sFasL的浓度 测定。结果 病毒性心肌炎患儿血清sFas和sFasL表达水平较健康儿童明显增高(P均<0.01);病毒性心肌炎患 儿血清sFas与sFasL表达水平呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论 血清sFas及sFasL表达增高与病毒性心肌炎疾病过 程有关,其作用机制可能通过抑制或减弱激活的T淋巴细胞凋亡造成免疫性心肌损害;病毒性心肌炎患儿血清 sFas表达增高进一步证实其发病与免疫因素有关;血清中sFas和／或sFasL表达增高可望作为T淋巴细胞激活的 标志和病毒性心肌炎的诊断依据之一。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血清白细胞介素-1β水平检测及临床意义

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法选择我院儿科2010年7月至2011年6月收治的HIE患儿为HIE组,排除HIE的足月新生儿为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患儿急性期(生后3天)和恢复期(生后7天)血清IL-1β的水平。HIE患儿按病情分为轻、中、重度3个亚组。结果生后3天和7天各组IL-1β水平(ng/ml)分别为[对照组:(21.9±6.0)和(21.4±5.0),轻度HIE组:(23.4±4.0)和(19.7±4.1),中度HIE组:(30.1±3.7)和(26.7±4.4),重度HIE组:(38.5±4.5)和(30.9±5.2)],中、重度HIE组明显高于轻度HIE组和对照组(P<0.01),重度HIE组高于中度HIE组(P<0.01),轻度HIE组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各HIE组患儿7天时血清IL-1β水平均较3天时显著降低(P<0.01)。生后3、7天IL-1β水平与病情分度呈正相关[3天:r=0.80,7天:r=0.72,P均<0.01]。结论检测HIE患儿血清IL-1β水平对HIE的辅助诊断和病情判断有重要意义。     

Clinical importance of circulating and cellular expression levels of Fas and Fas ligand in pediatric patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies

Objectives of this study were to determine the extend of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble FasL (sFasL) at the time of diagnosis and to evaluate its prognostic relevance under chemotherapy in childhood lymphoproliferative malignancies. The authors measured the circulating sFas and sFasL by ELISA in 25 children with newly diagnosed either ALL or NHL, as well as their expression of Fas and FasL at the time of diagnosis and remission. They did not observe any statistically significant difference between the patient group and age-matched healthy controls for sFas levels, whereas sFasL concentration in study population at the time of diagnosis was significantly higher than that in control subjects (1.05 ± 1.46 vs. 0.36 ± 0.18 ng/mL, p = .024). At remission the authors observed a significant decrease in the sFasL levels of all patients whose sFasL concentrations were above the minimal detectable level at the time of diagnosis (p = .008). sFasL and Fas/FasL immunohistochemical staining did not have an effect on survival. sFasL may be a marker in monitoring complete remission in children with LPM.     

Soluble Fas antigen and soluble Fas ligand in early neonatal life

BACKGROUND: After birth, apoptosis rates might slow down, compared to those in utero. Thus, factors, attenuating the apoptotic process, like the soluble forms of Fas/FasL system, may increase. AIM-STUDY DESIGN: Soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) concentrations were measured in maternal serum (MS), umbilical cord (UC) and neonatal serum in the first (1N) and fifth (5N) days after birth in order to evaluate the alterations of these molecules during the early neonatal period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Soluble molecules were estimated in 35 healthy, appropriate for gestational age, full-term neonates, their mothers and in 25 healthy, nonpregnant women, age-matched to the mothers (controls), using enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: sFas concentrations in MS (p < 0.01), UC (p < 0.0001), 1N (p < 0.0003) and 5N (p < 0.02) were lower than those in controls. Neonatal sFas concentrations showed a significant increase from UC to 5N (p < 0.001). In contrast, sFasL concentrations were significantly elevated in all neonatal samples (UC, 1N and 5N) compared to those in MS and controls (p < 0.0001), showing also a significant elevation from UC to 5N (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate increasing serum concentrations of the soluble molecules sFas and sFasL during the first days after birth, indicating possibly a gradual decrease of apoptosis in early neonatal life.     

过敏性紫癜患儿血清可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1及可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1表达的意义

目的 检测过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿血清可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)及可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法 酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定53例HSP患儿(其中急性期37例,恢复期16例)及25例健康儿童血清sVCAM-1、sICAM-1水平,分别比较其急性期和恢复期及有或无肾损害HSP患儿上述因子表达水平.结果 HSP急性期患儿血清sVCAM-1和sICAM-1水平明显高于恢复期和健康对照组(Pa＜0.01);肾损害组血清sVCAM-1、sICAM-1明显高于无肾损害组(Pa＜0.01).结论 sVCAM-1、sICAM-1参与HSP病理生理过程,与疾病分期相关;血清sVCAM-1、sICAM-1水平增高可作为儿童HSP肾损害的判断指标之一.     

过敏性紫癜患儿血浆可溶性CD146与可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1检测的意义

目的 探讨可溶性CD146(sCD146)与可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)在过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿血浆中的表达水平及临床意义.方法 采用ELISA法检测HSP患儿(急性期42例、缓解期39例)及健康对照组儿童(30例)外周血浆sCD146、sVCAM-1水平,比较HSP患儿急性期、缓解期和健康对照组之间的差异以及急性期肾脏受累组、无肾脏受累组之间的差异,并对HSP患儿急性期血浆sCD146与sVCAM-1水平进行相关性分析.应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学处理.结果 HSP患儿急性期sCD146、sVCAM-1水平明显高于缓解期和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.01);缓解期sCD146水平仍高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),缓解期sVCAM-1水平与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);急性期肾脏受累组sCD146、sVCAM-1水平高于无肾脏受累组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.01);HSP患儿急性期血浆sCD146与sVCAM-1水平呈正相关(r=0.79,P＜0.01).结论 sCD146与sVCAM-1在HSP和紫癜性肾炎的发生发展中起重要作用.动态监测HSP患儿血浆sCD146、sVCAM-1水平对于判定其病情发展及预后有一定意义.     

Seasonal changes of proapoptotic soluble Fas ligand level in allergic rhinitis combined with asthma

The function of apoptosis is to eliminate unnecessary or dangerous cells. The balance between production and death is important in the control of cell numbers within physiological ranges. Cells involved in allergic reactions may have altered apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal changes of programmed cell death in children with pollen allergy. We measured serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), and examined whether there was any correlation between soluble apoptosis markers and development of asthma and or rhinitis in children with pollen allergy. We examined two groups of patients with ragweed pollen allergy. The first group consisted of 17 children with 'rhinitis only'. The second group consisted of 16 children with 'asthma + rhinitis'. For seasonal analysis we pooled the two groups and termed this the 'ragweed sensitive' group (n = 33, 5-18 yr, 25 boys, eight girls). Measurements (sFas and sFasL) were taken during the ragweed pollen allergy season, while control measurements were performed during the symptom-free period. There was no difference in sFas levels measured during and after [1941 +/- 68, 1963 +/- 83 pg/ml (mean+/-s.e.m, respectively)] the pollen season in the 'ragweed sensitive' group. The sFasL level showed seasonal change, which was significantly higher (p = 0.0086) in the symptomatic period compared to the symptom-free state (99 +/- 13 and 53 +/- 16 pg/ml, respectively). There was a difference between the 'rhinitis only' and the 'asthma + rhinitis' groups in the measured parameters of apoptosis. Children having allergic rhinitis combined with asthma had a significantly (p = 0.03) higher sFas level in the symptom-free state than the 'rhinitis only' group did (2115 +/- 156 and 1820 +/- 52 pg/ml, respectively). During the allergic symptom state the sFasL level of the 'asthma + rhinitis' group was significantly higher (p = 0.025) than that of the 'rhinitis only' group (125 +/- 20 and 75 +/- 14 pg/ml, respectively). In conclusion, the increased level of sFasL during the pollen season may signal its role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases. There was no seasonal change in sFas levels in the examined ragweed allergic group, however in the symptomatic period we observed a diminished level of antiapoptotic factor (sFas) and an elevated level of proapoptotic factor (sFasL) if there was a combined disease with pollen allergic asthma. We suggest that there is a deviation in the apoptotic reaction in children that may increase the seasonal allergic inflammation.     

Soluble receptors to tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in urine during acute pyelonephritis

We compared the urinary concentrations of soluble TNF-I (sTNF-RI), TNF-II receptors, and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) standardized to urinary creatinine concentrations, in children with acute pyelonephritis, in children with non-renal fever and in healthy controls. These levels were related to the acute inflammatory response in the kidneys and later renal scarring, as determined by acute and 1-y follow-up with ^99mTC-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA). The concentrations of the soluble receptors were measured using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The urinary levels of sTNF-RI were significantly higher in children with acute pyelonephritis (median 1320 pg/mmol) than in children with non-renal fever, children 6 weeks after acute pyelonephritis and healthy controls (873, 251 and 477 pg/μmol, respectively). Median sTNF-RII urine levels were also higher in acute pyelonephritis (4123 p/μmol) than in the three control groups (2000, 964 and 1850 pg/μmol, respectively). In contrast, the highest urinary sIL-6R concentrations were found in healthy children (median 420 pg/μmol). compared to those with acute pyelonephritis (235 pg/μmol), children with non-renal fever and children 6 weeks after pyelonephritis (137 and 50 pg/μmol, respectively). No significant difference was found in any of the urinary soluble receptor levels in children with or without DMSA uptake defects at the acute or the 1-y follow-up scintigraphy. In conclusion, although the urinary soluble TNF receptor levels were higher during acute pyelonephritis, this observation was not useful for deciding which children needed follow-up after acute pyelonephritis.     

Soluble fibrinogen—fibrin complexes in intrauterine growth retardation

Soluble fibrinogen—fibrin complex levels were found to be significantly higher in plasma samples from pregnant women with babies suffering from intrauterine growth retardation, when compared with levels found in normal pregnancy. As soluble fibrinogen—fibrin complexes, are formed following activation of the coagulation pathway in vitro and in vivo these findings may reflect the increased local intravascular coagulation within the placenta demonstrated histologically in pregnancies complicated by growth retardation. The use of more sensitive methods for detecting alterations in coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet function may prove useful in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation antenatally.     

Soluble CD30 serum antigen in Kawasaki disease

⁴Very high levels of sCD30, a glycoprotein surface antigen expressed by T lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells of the immune system, were found in serum samples from 10 children with typical Kawasaki disease (KD), but not in blood specimens from a vast cohort of paediatric control subjects. These data strongly support an involvement of CD30+T cells in the immune processes which take place at the level of lymphoid organs during the acute phase of KD.     

bcl-2及fas基因表达的变化对细胞色素C诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察bcl-2、fas基因表达的变化对细胞色素C诱导急性早幼粒白血病细胞株(HL-60细胞)凋亡的影响,探讨细胞色素C诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的机制。方法将体外培养的HL-60细胞分成六组,细胞色素C终浓度分别为0(对照组)、9.375mg/L、18.75mg/L、37.5mg/L、75mg/L、150mg/L,用流式细胞仪检测细胞色素C对HL-60细胞的凋亡效应,用RT-PCR、westernblotting检测以凋亡为主的HL-60细胞中bcl-2、fas的表达水平。结果流式细胞仪检测表明细胞色素C终浓度分别为0、9.38mg/L、18.75mg/L、37.50mg/L时HL-60细胞是以凋亡效应为主,bcl-2基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达随着细胞色素C浓度的增高而降低,fas基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达随着细胞色素C浓度的增高而增高,当细胞色素C浓度为75mg/L、150mg/L时HL-60细胞是以坏死效应为主。结论细胞色素C能够下调bcl-2 mRNA及其蛋白的表达,上调fas mRNA及其蛋白的表达,从而可以诱导HL-60细胞的凋亡。     

血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体对缺铁性贫血的诊断价值

目的探讨血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)对儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)的诊断价值。方法小细胞低色素性贫血患儿63例根据临床诊断标准分为IDA和非缺铁性贫血(n-IDA)组,测定sTfR及血清铁蛋白(SF)、血清铁(SI)等铁代谢指标,并分别行t检验和ROC曲线分析。结果IDA组sTfR均值高于正常值,与n-IDA组比较具有极显著差异(P<0.001),而IDA组SF和SI均值在正常参考值范围;尽管SF与SI特异度较高,但其敏感度和ROC曲线下面积明显较sTfR低。结论血清sTfR可较准确反映铁贮存状况,是诊断IDA的有效客观指标,在儿童铁缺乏疾病的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。