指甲延长术联合V—Y推进皮瓣修复指尖缺损

目的探讨指甲延长术联合V—Y推进皮瓣对指尖缺损的修复效果。方法18例指尖缺损患者在距甲根皮缘下方4mm左右，设计一“U”形切口，宽度与指甲相等，将皮肤切除，勿损伤皮下及甲床，将“U”形皮瓣向近端翻转缝合；同时在指端掌侧或侧方设计“V”形皮瓣，将皮瓣远端与甲床缝合，修复指尖缺损。结果术后随访4～8个月，平均5．6个月，18例皮瓣全部存活，皮瓣覆盖质量满意，指腹两点分辨觉均在正常范围内，指间活动范围基本正常，指甲生长良好，指甲增加长度约2～4mm，外形较满意。结论指甲延长术与V—Y推进皮瓣结合应用于指尖缺损伤，可延长指甲2—4mm，改善了指尖缺损伤患指的外形，术后指甲生长良好，皮瓣覆盖满意，功能、外观好，是一种简单、实用、效果较佳的手术方法。     

指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损

目的探讨指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损的手术方法及疗效。方法 2010年1月~2015年4月,应用指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损41例45指,其中男性32例,女性9例;年龄17~57岁,平均37岁。41例患者45指均有指骨外露,缺损面积1.8cm×1.5cm~3.0cm×2.5cm。皮瓣切取范围2.0cm×1.8cm~3.2cm×2.8cm。皮瓣旋转点于远指间关节以近,逆行旋转覆盖指端缺损区。结果 45指皮瓣均成活。39指随访5~20个月,平均12.5个月,皮瓣颜色、皮肤质地及弹性良好,外形佳,皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10mm,皮瓣供区外观满意,手指运动功能满意。结论指背逆行岛状皮瓣手术操作简单,不伤及指间动脉及神经,血管蒂长,皮瓣蒂携带皮条,旋转弧度大,成功率高,疗效满意,是修复指端软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

手指掌侧皮瓣修复末节指端皮肤缺损

手指末节指端皮肤缺损常有指骨等组织的外露,以往常采用鱼际皮瓣或邻指皮瓣修复,但需二期断蒂,病人住院时间长,且费用较高。作者自1992年以来采用手指掌侧皮瓣(推进)修复末节指端皮肤缺损,除5例失败外,其余均获成功,报告如下:     

指端软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

目的：探讨手部不同小型皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：根据损伤的程度、性质、指别以及患者的意愿,选用了4种术式对62例指端软组织缺损进行修复。结果：62例手部不同小型皮瓣全部成活。指固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣术后72 h内肿胀明显,之后逐渐消肿,不影响皮瓣成活。全部病例术后6~12个月随访,皮瓣质地良好,外形及功能满意,指端两点分辨觉6~8 mm。结论：四种皮瓣血供可靠,切取方便,是修复指端软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

指神经端侧吻合的指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨指神经端侧吻合的指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损、重建指尖皮肤感觉功能的临床效果。方法利用指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损57例65指，均采用指神经端侧吻合恢复指尖感觉神经支配。结果57例65指均Ⅰ期成活，指腹饱满，外观理想，耐磨性好，两点辨别觉满意。结论端侧吻合指神经的指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损简单有效。     

拇指桡侧皮瓣治疗拇指远端皮肤软组织缺损

目的:探讨拇指桡侧皮瓣治疗拇指远端皮肤软组织缺损的适应证及疗效.方法:22例拇指远端皮肤缺损均为4.0cm×3.0cm以内的皮肤软组织缺损采用拇指桡侧皮瓣修复,供区采用游离植皮修复,或直接缝合;在拇指桡侧设计皮瓣,以指侧正中线为轴线,其蒂部转折点在软组织缺损区近端0.5cm～1.0cm处,不能超过拇指指间关节,皮瓣面积最大4.0cm×3.0cm,最小2.0cm×1.5cm,吻合指神经8例.结果:22例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访1个月～24个月,外形美观,质地柔软,吻合指神经的指腹两点分辨觉为6mm～8mm.结论:对于拇指远端或偏桡侧皮肤缺损面积为2.5cm×3.0cm以内者适用拇指桡侧皮瓣修复,其手术方法较简单,疗效满意.     

游离第2趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨游离第2趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法对36例手指皮肤软组织缺损患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。本组采用游离第2趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指侧方及侧方偏指腹皮肤软组织缺损。结果36例皮瓣全部成活,随访时间为6～18个月,外形和功能恢复均满意。结论第2趾胫侧皮瓣是修复手指皮肤软组织缺损的一种理想方法。     

指背逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复手指指端皮肤缺损33例

单个或多个手指软组织及皮肤缺损在临床上较常见,此类损伤常伴有骨、关节、肌腱等深层组织外露,无法直接缝合覆盖,通常需皮瓣移位或移植才能完成创面覆盖,治疗原则是以最小的损伤恢复伤指的外形及功能。2008年10月--2013年4月,我们采用指背逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复手指指端皮肤缺损33例,效果满意。现分析报告如下。     

以掌背动脉远端皮支为蒂的逆行皮瓣修复手指创面

目的 探讨应用以掌背动脉远端皮支为蒂皮瓣修复手指中远端软组织缺损.方法 第2、3、4掌背动脉远端皮支皮瓣和皮神经显微缝合修复手指中远节软组织缺损伴指骨、肌腱外露共9例.其中,拇指2例,食指3例,中指3例,小指1例.创面面积:6.0cm×2.0cm～2.5cm×1.5cm.皮瓣大小:8.5 cm×3.5cm～3.0cm×2.5cm,蒂长2.5 cm～4.0cm.结果 皮瓣成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合.术后随访6个月,皮瓣两点分辨觉7～9mm,指关节活动满意,供瓣区无伸肌腱黏连.结论 掌背动脉远端皮支皮瓣和皮神经显微缝合是修复手指中远节软组织缺损恢复感觉的可靠方法.     

指动脉残端旋转皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损

利用一侧远节指动脉残端及附带周围皮肤软组织设计皮瓣,采用带神经及残端指动脉为蒂的皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损共40例。观察皮瓣存活、外形、感觉及手功能恢复情况。皮瓣存活率100%。功能评定:优32例,良8例,优良率100%。     

脊柱结核的比较影像学研究

目的：探讨脊柱结核的MRI、ECT、SCT、BUS、X线征象及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析16例经手术病理临床或随访证实的脊柱结核的MRI、ECT、SCT、BUS、X线平片表现。结果：16例脊柱结核MRI发现37个椎骨异常、11处椎管受累、19处冷脓肿、16处椎间盘受累；CT发现7处附件受累、26处死骨形成。ECT检出的41处病灶表现为多处放射性浓聚或单发放射性浓聚，其中6处为假阳性；BUS检出9处冷脓肿、7处椎体破坏、2处附件异常。X线平片显示27个椎骨受累。本组MRI、ECT、SCT、BUS、X线平片诊断脊柱结核的敏感性分别为：100％，94．6％，83．8％，24．3％，73．0％；特异性分别为100％，83．8％，97．3％，97．3％，94．6％。结论：RMI是一种诊断脊柱结核高敏感性和特异性的方法，脊柱结核临床首选X线检查，B超可作为补充手段；CT检查是必须的；ECT仅在与脊柱转移瘤或多发性骨髓瘤鉴别困难时应用。     

Malignant chondroblastoma presenting as a recurrent pelvic tumor with DNA aneuploidy and p53 mutation as supportive evidence of malignancy

We report a rare case of malignant chondroblastoma, which presented in a 47-year-old man as a recurrent tumor, 18 years following wide excision of a typical pelvic chondroblastoma. Radiologic studies of the recurrent tumor showed a large, lytic, destructive lesion of the right pelvic bones and femur, with a pathologic fracture of the latter, a large pelvic soft tissue mass, and multiple pulmonary metastases. Biopsy tissue showed typical features of chondroblastoma, but also increased nuclear atypia, hyperchromasia, and pleomorphism, compared to the original tumor, and, most significantly, abnormal mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical studies of the recurrent tumor revealed p53 mutation and extensive proliferative activity, and flow cytometric studies showed DNA aneuploidy, none of which was present in the original tumor. The patient received chemotherapy and radiation, but died of disease eight months after presentation. We also review chondroblastoma in general, to assign this unusual lesion to a tumor subtype. Received: 29 March 1999 Revision requested: 27 April 1999 Revision received: 23 June 1999 Accepted: 29 June 1999     

高原边防部队膳食营养调查分析

目的 了解高原边防部队膳食营养现状,为高原部队食物及营养素推荐摄入量标准的制定提供依据.方法 采用GJB 1636A-2016中称重法和体格检查法对驻海拔4600 m(A部)和4030 m(B部)单位的膳食营养情况进行调查.按GJB826B-2010和GJB823B-2016进行膳食质量评价;高效液相色谱法检测血浆维生素A含量,ELISA法检测血浆25-OH VD含量;上臂肌围采用GJB1636A-2016评价,体脂率采用体成分仪所附标准评价.结果 A部禽蛋、牛奶和植物油摄入达标,其余食物未达标;B部粮食和植物油摄入达标,其余食物摄入未达标.A部蛋白质、钙、磷、钠、铁、硒、碘、铜、锰、维生素E、B3摄入充足,能量、钾、锌、镁、维生素D、C、B1和B2摄入不足,维生素A、B6、B9和B12严重缺乏;B部能量、蛋白质、磷、钾、钠、锌、铁、硒、镁、铜、锰、维生素E、C、B1和B3摄入充足,维生素B2摄入不足,钙、碘、维生素A、D、B6、B9和B12严重缺乏.A部蛋白质和脂肪产热达标,碳水化合物产热过低;B部蛋白质产热达标,脂肪产热超标,碳水化合物产热过低.两单位人员血浆维生素A含量充足;血浆25-OH 维生素D含量不足及缺乏.A部和B部上臂肌围正常人数比分别为93.5%和97.7%,体脂率偏瘦人数比分别为80.6%和70.5%.结论 高原边防部队的食物和营养素摄入不均衡,机体维生素D缺乏,但蛋白质营养状况较好,体脂较低,还需调整膳食结构和进行营养宣教来改善高原部队膳食营养现状.     

CT引导下~(125)I粒子植入治疗恶性肿瘤的临床应用

目的：探讨CT引导下125I粒子治疗恶性肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法：搜集本院48例恶性肿瘤患者资料（男35例,女13例,年龄37-82岁）,其中肺癌20例,肝癌4例,胰腺癌4例,肝、肺、肾、脊柱、骨骼、软组织及颈胸腹部淋巴结等部位转移性肿瘤共20例。全部患者经过放射粒子植入计划系统（TPS）计划,CT引导下植入125I粒子对肿瘤进行治疗,观察其疗效及相关并发症。结果：全部患者125I粒子均植入成功,其中43例患者追踪复查1-13个月,疗效评价：完全缓解（CR）10例,部分缓解（PR）21例,无变化（NC）5例,进展（PD）7例,临床总有效率（CR＋PR）为72%。125I粒子植入过程中出现气胸5例,针道渗血4例,咯血3例,肝包膜下出血1例,粒子游走2例,无1例严重并发症。结论：CT导向下125I粒子植入治疗多种恶性肿瘤微创安全,疗效肯定。     

Nuclear medicine and atherosclerosis

Although the pathomechanisms of atherosclerosis are well known, their radioisotopic monitoring is still in its early childhood. The current radioisotope techniques are of only limited value for contributing to the clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The limited reaction time of cellular blood constituents (platelets, monocytes) with the vascular surface at the injury site makes it very difficult to catch the point of injury. Lipoproteins excellently allow receptor imaging, while vascular monitoring is only of scientific interest at present. Labelling and subsequent imaging of components of the coagulation cascade have not succeeded so far, nor have attempts using unspecific labels such as porphyrin, polyclonal IgG and Fc fragments, for example. Preliminary evidence indicates that radioisotopic techniques may be of great benefit in the future in elucidating functional aspects of the disease, while they do not contribute to examining the stage and extent of atherosclerosis.This article is dedicated to Otto Kraupp, M.D., Prof, Head of the Department of Pharmacology, Dean of the Medical Faculty, University of Vienna, on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

胃肠道平滑肌肉瘤的临床及影像学诊断价值

目的:探讨胃肠道平滑肌肉瘤的临床及影像学诊断特征。方法:对46例经手术病理证实的胃肠道平滑肌肉瘤的起源,大小、形态进行回顾性分析。结果:X线检查:22例胃平滑肌肉瘤;23例小肠平滑肌肉瘤;1例结肠平滑肌肉瘤。胃平滑肌肉瘤14/22例病变位于腔内,2/22例病变位于腔外,6/22例病变位于腔内外;小肠平滑肌肉瘤19/23例病变位于腔外,2例位于腔内,2例位于腔内外,其大小多在6~10cm;16例边缘有分叶征象,有溃疡者22例;1例结肠平滑肌肉瘤位于腔内外,B超表现为腹腔内实性肿块;CT平扫多呈不规则分叶状,内部密度多不均匀,增强扫描呈肿瘤实质部明显强化,坏死区无强化。结论:胃肠道平滑肌肉瘤好发于胃及空肠,胃平滑肌肉瘤以腔内型居多;小肠平滑肌肉瘤以腔外型居多,综合应用消化道气钡双重造影检查、CT、B超检查及血管造影检查能提高胃肠平滑肌肉瘤的诊断水平。     

Thoracic complications in uremic patients and in patients undergoing dialytic treatment: state of the art

No organ in the chest is spared the negative effects of uremia. The dialytic treatment itself is often associated with a large array of thoracic complications. We review the main thoracic manifestations of the terminal uremia from the radiological point of view, such as: uremic pleuritis and pericarditis, uremic pneumonia, renal osteodystrophy, infections, and metastatic pulmonary calcifications. Respiratory function derangement and the problems related to peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are discussed in some detail, along with the diagnostic role of plain films, US, nuclear medicine, and CT. The main focus of this review is on the hydration problems and pulmonary edema, often related to a large number of pathogenetic factors. Based on our experience, we think that the chest X-ray is not able to accurately discriminate between cardiogenic edema and fluid overload edema (so-called renal pulmonary edema). The radiological findings of the thoracic complications in uremic patients are multiple and complex but, in most cases, the imaging techniques may offer an accurate and noninvasive diagnostic approach, with a high benefit-cost ratio.     

www.tnt-radiology.de: Teach and be taught radiology: implementation of a web-based training program based on user preferences as determined by survery

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To create a Web-based training program addressing the needs of a large, heterogeneous audience of users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We defined our target group as consisting of medical professionals who teach radiology, or who, by their own perception, would benefit from improving their radiologic image interpretation skills. We interviewed 483 members of this group, eliciting their preferences with regard to layout, interactivity, contents, and other categories (11 in total). Considering majority preferences as recommendations and using the help of a special interest group of medical students, we assembled 500 teaching cases over a 1-year period into an interactive training program and made it available on the World Wide Web. RESULTS: Important preferences expressed by majorities of interviewees were: high levels of interactivity, clear layout, intuitive usability, short page load times, permissibility of saving content locally, cost-free access, consideration of user input in the site development. To our knowledge, our web program TNT-Radiology, accessible at , is the first to implement all of these recommendations simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: We have created a Web-based program usable for teaching and learning radiologic image interpretation that meets the needs of a heterogeneous target audience to an unprecedented extent.     

超声引导下聚多卡醇泡沫硬化治疗肾囊肿的临床应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下聚多卡醇泡沫在肾囊肿硬化治疗中的临床应用价值。 方法分析我院于2019年1月至2020年6月期间收治的42例肾囊肿患者，均在超声引导下行聚多卡醇泡沫硬化治疗，所有患者在术后1、3、6、12个月定期随访复查超声，根据囊肿的缩小率评价疗效。 结果42例患者的42个肾囊肿，术后1、3、6、12个月随访，治愈率分别为11.9%、35.7%、42.9%、59.5%；总有效率分别为59.5%、83.3%、92.9%、100.0%。Cox多因素回归分析显示囊肿容积的大小为影响聚多卡醇治疗效果的主要因素。 结论超声引导下聚多卡醇泡沫硬化治疗肾囊肿安全、有效，术后随访时间越长，治疗效果越显著，且囊肿容积越小，疗效越确切，值得在临床推广应用。     

重力变化对小鼠神经内分泌及免疫功能的影响

为研究航天特殊环境对机体神经内分泌免疫功能的影响，探讨了超重与模拟失重对小鼠脑递质去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ）、五羟色胺（５～ＨＴ）、血浆皮质酮及淋巴细胞转化的影响。结果表明，３级起飞曲线峰值５Ｇ加速度（约８００Ｇｓ）作用后即刻ＮＡ、ＤＡ升高，皮质酮和Ｔ细胞转化增加，Ｂ细胞转化显著降低，作用后７２小时ＮＡ、ＤＡ、皮质酮恢复，Ｔ、Ｂ细胞转化明显升高，５－ＨＴ升高，作用后１４４小时ＮＡ、ＤＡ、５－ＨＴ均恢复正常组水平，皮质酮则明显降低，Ｔ、Ｂ细胞转化开始恢复，但仍高于正常对照组水平。模拟失重等因素作用１２ｄ，小鼠脑ＮＡ、ＤＡ升高，５－ＨＴ无变化，皮质酮明显升高，Ｔ、Ｂ细胞转化明显降低。