PWI鉴别诊断单发脑转移瘤和高级别胶质瘤的价值分析

目的探讨磁共振灌注加权成像(PWI)在单发脑转移瘤和高级别胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选择在本院治疗的255例单发脑转移瘤和104例高级别胶质瘤为研究对象(共359例,经病理组织活检确诊),术前均常规进行核磁共振扫描以及PWI检查,详细测量肿瘤区、瘤旁区、肿瘤周围水肿区(瘤周区)以及健侧无肿瘤的正常脑组织CBV(脑血容量)值,得出肿瘤区、瘤旁区、瘤周区相对无肿瘤的正常脑组织的rCBV(相对脑血容量)值,记录患者PWI特征。结果 255例单发脑转移瘤,104例高级别胶质瘤PWI显示:1)在肿瘤区,单发脑转移瘤的rCBV值(4. 85±2. 17),比高级别胶质瘤rCBV值(6. 32±2. 59)低,两者比较无统计学意义(P 0. 05),但均高于健侧正常脑组织的rCBV(2. 15±0. 42),差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 2)转移瘤瘤旁区的rCBV值(1. 31±0. 25)低于高级别胶质瘤瘤旁区rCBV值是(3. 01±0. 56),差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 3)在肿瘤周围水肿区内,单发脑转移瘤的rCBV值(1. 11±0. 31),比高级别胶质瘤的rCBV值低(1. 58±0. 29);差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 4)单发转移瘤的PWI在对比剂首过后,信号恢复较高级别胶质瘤明显慢。结论对单发脑转移瘤与高级别胶质瘤采用PWI的检查手段,计算瘤周区的rCBV值,显示其血流灌注特性,有助于两者的鉴别诊断。     

大脑表浅部位胶质瘤和单发转移瘤的瘤周灰质及脑膜MRI改变的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨脑表浅部位胶质瘤和单发转移瘤的瘤周灰质及脑膜MRI表现的诊断价值.方法 收集53例表浅部位胶质瘤和46例单发脑转移瘤.主要观察瘤周灰质在FLAIR和T1WI增强扫描上的改变情况及肿瘤邻近的脑膜强化情况,分别计算出各自的敏感性和特异性.对部分病例病理送检蜡块重新切片,观察肿瘤边缘特征,与其MRI表现 进行对照分析.结果 25例(47.2%)胶质瘤和2例(4.3%)转移瘤瘤周灰质在FLAIR上出现稍高信号区并在T1WI增强扫描上有强化;27例(50.9%)胶质瘤和1例(2.2%)转移瘤瘤周灰质在FLAIR上出现稍高信号区,但在T1WI增强扫描上无强化;22例(41.5%)胶质瘤和4例(8.7%)转移瘤邻近脑膜有强化.病理切片示:胶质瘤瘤周见大量肿瘤细胞浸润,而转移瘤瘤周无明显肿瘤细胞浸润.结论 FLAIR上瘤周灰质稍高信号区的出现,无论其在T1WI增强扫描上是否强化,以及肿瘤邻近脑膜强化的出现,则更支持表浅部位胶质瘤的诊断,而单发脑转移瘤较少出现前述征象.     

MR弥散、灌注、波谱成像在单发脑转移瘤与恶性胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)、灌注加权成像(PWI)和1H波谱(1H-MRS)检查在单发脑转移瘤与恶性胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对术前进行了磁共振DWI、PWI和MRS检查并经病理证实的18例单发脑转移瘤和16例恶性胶质瘤进行回顾性分析,测量各病灶瘤体区、瘤周区及对照区的ADC、rCBV及Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr值,并计算rADC及rrCBV。结果瘤灶区rADCT单发脑转移瘤与恶性胶质瘤之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05),瘤周区rADCP脑转移瘤高于恶性胶质瘤,分别为1.98±0.69及1.43±0.31(P<0.05);瘤灶区rrCBVT和瘤周区rrCBVP转移瘤均低于恶性胶质瘤,分别为1.07±0.62、2.68±1.22(P<0.05)和0.38±0.23、1.11±0.61(P<0.05);瘤灶区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr值脑转移瘤与恶性胶质瘤之间差异均无统计学意义;瘤周区胶质瘤Cho峰高于脑转移瘤,Cho/Cr和Cho/NAA值均高于脑转移瘤,分别为2.25±0.75、1.91±0.40和1.31±0.15、0.96±0.32(P<0.05和P<0.0...     

Cho/Cr-n相对值测定在脑脓肿与坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的运用多体素2D1HMRS,探讨胆碱复合物/对侧相应正常脑白质区肌酸(Cho/Cr-n)相对值测定在脑脓肿与坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法对经手术病理证实的12例脑脓肿与20例坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤患者,在术前行常规MRI检查及2D1HMRS,测量感兴趣区(ROI)的胆碱(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)相对值,并计算Cho/Cr-n相对值。结果脑脓肿的Cho/Cr-n相对值(1.12±0.25)明显低于坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤的上述指标(2.76±0.73和2.59±0.47)(P<0.01)。结论多体素2D1HMRS的Cho/Cr-n相对值测定在脑脓肿与坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

1H-MRS 对脑转移瘤和恶性胶质瘤的鉴别诊断作用

目的 利用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)对脑转移瘤和胶质瘤的肿瘤强化区、瘤周区和对侧正常区进行细 胞代谢水平的检测,试图找出恶性胶质瘤和脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断的依据。 资料与方法 20例恶性胶质瘤和11例 脑转移瘤患者,先行MRI平扫及增强扫描,再对瘤体实质部分、瘤周、对侧正常区行1H-MRS检查,对两种肿瘤的瘤 体、瘤周、对侧正常区的胆碱/肌酸(Cho/Cr)、氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)、乳酸/肌酸(Lac/Cr)进行比较。 结果 11例脑转移瘤中,原发瘤分别为乳腺癌,肝细胞癌,卵巢癌,肺癌。20例恶性胶质瘤中,星形细胞瘤Ⅲ级13 例,Ⅳ级7例。两种肿瘤瘤体内代谢物浓度的比值比较,无统计学意义。而转移瘤瘤周Cho/Cr为0．719±0．287,恶 性胶质瘤瘤周Cho/Cr为1．506±0．846,二者有显著性差异(t=2．118,P=0．043)。结论 在传统MRI图像的基础 上,利用1H-MRS对转移瘤和恶性胶质瘤瘤体强化部分的检查不能对二者作出可靠的鉴别,对瘤周的Cho/Cr的检查 是鉴别胶质瘤和转移瘤的重要手段,胶质瘤的瘤周Cho/Cr水平比转移瘤高。     

DCE-MRI在高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤中的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)在鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤中的价值.方法 收集青岛大学附属医院经手术病理证实的高级别脑胶质瘤27例、脑转移瘤46例,所有患者术前均行颅脑增强MRI和DCE-MRI检查.利用血流动力学双室模型对各组数据进行定量分析,获取肿瘤实性成分及瘤周水肿区(瘤周1 cm内)的血流动力学参数[转运系数(Ktrans)、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数(Ve)、血管空间容积分数(Vp)],经统计学分析,比较各参数是否存在统计学差异.结果 高级别脑胶质瘤肿瘤实性成分与脑转移瘤肿瘤实性成分的Ktrans值、Ve值、Vp值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).高级别脑胶质瘤瘤周水肿区Ktrans值、Ve值明显高于脑转移瘤瘤周水肿区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高级别脑胶质瘤瘤周水肿区Vp值略低于脑转移瘤水肿区,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 DCE-MRI通过定量分析瘤周水肿区渗透参数,可以鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤.     

3.0T ~1H-MRS在脑内高级别星形细胞瘤及单发转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)对脑高级别星形细胞瘤、单发脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法:收集经手术、活检病理证实的颅脑肿瘤患者37例,其中高级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)17例(间变性星形细胞瘤5例,胶质母细胞瘤12例),脑单发转移瘤20例。37例行颅脑常规MRI检查及多体素1 H-MRS分析,分析肿瘤实质强化区、强化边缘区、对侧相应正常区域脑组织的生化代谢物及其比值,并进行对照。结果:1脑高级别星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤1 H-MRS与对侧相应正常区域对比均表现为Cho峰升高,NAA、Cr峰下降。12例胶质母细胞瘤中,显示Lip峰者11例。20例脑转移瘤中,11例见Lac峰升高,9例Lip峰升高。2高级别星形细胞瘤肿瘤实体区的Cho/NAA明显高于脑转移瘤(P0.05);高级别星形细胞瘤瘤周水肿的Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA明显高于脑转移瘤(P0.05)。结论:3.0T1 H-MRS分析对高级别星形细胞瘤、脑单发转移瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值,可作为一种非损伤性的鉴别手段;肿瘤瘤周水肿带的波谱更有利于胶质瘤与转移瘤的鉴别。     

弥散峰度成像对高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤的鉴别价值研究

目的 探讨弥散峰度成像(DKI)对鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤的临床应用价值.方法 搜集经病理或临床证实的33例脑肿瘤患者纳入研究,其中高级别胶质瘤18例,单发脑转移瘤15例,分别行常规磁共振平扫、DKI及常规增强扫描.经后处理分别得到DKI相关参量图,分别测量在肿瘤实性部分、瘤周水肿区域的各参数值.采用两样本t检验,分析高级别脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤实质部分和瘤周水肿区域的各相对参数值平均弥散峰度(MK)、部分各向异性(FA)、平均扩散系数(MD),分析差异有无统计学意义.结果 在肿瘤实质部分,高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤MK、FA、MD各相对参数值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.529、0.645、0.84).在瘤周水肿区域,高级别胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤MK、FA、MD各相对参数值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.002、0.003、0.04).结论 (1)DKI各相对参数MK、FA、MD在肿瘤实质部分对鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤没有明显价值.(2) DKI各相对参数MK、FA、MD在瘤周水肿区域对高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤有鉴别诊断价值.     

3.0 T多体素1H-MRS在脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的应用分析

目的 探索3.0 T多体素氢质子磁共振波谱成像（¹H-MRS）在脑胶质瘤、单发脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 脑胶质瘤20例、单发脑转移瘤11例纳入研究,均术前行¹H-MRS检查。分析脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤瘤体区、瘤周水肿区的胆碱（Cho）/N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、Cho/肌酸（Cr）、NAA/Cr值的统计学差异,并用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析各指标鉴别脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤的效能。结果 脑胶质瘤组与单发脑转移瘤组间瘤体区Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr及瘤周水肿区Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;瘤体区NAA/Cr的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）最大（AUC=0.74）,当瘤体区NAA/Cr为1.17时,鉴别脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤的敏感度为55.30%,特异度为82.40%。结论 常规MRI结合¹H-MRS能提高脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤鉴别诊断的准确性,且瘤体区NAA/Cr值鉴别效能最优。     

高级别星形细胞瘤与脑单发转移瘤的1H MRS鉴别

目的 :探讨活体1 HMRS对高级别星形细胞瘤和单发转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法 :搜集行1 HMRS检查的高级别星形细胞瘤 2 5例 (包括间变型星形细胞瘤 11例 ,胶质母细胞瘤 14例 ) ,单发转移瘤 10例。比较两组肿瘤强化区及肿瘤周围区之间Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr及Lac/Cr值。结果 :2 5例高级别星形细胞瘤与 10例单发转移瘤强化区的Cho/Cr分别为 5 .770 0± 1.82 12及 4.45 0 0± 2 .42 5 0 ,NAA/Cr分别为 0 .9476± 0 .5 0 2 6及 1.185 0± 0 .5 63 7,Lac/Cr分别为 2 .4684± 1.710 5及 3 .2 110± 2 .70 77,两组之间差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。而肿瘤瘤周区的Cho/Cr分别为 2 .3 3 0 0± 1.2 10 0及1.0 75 0± 0 .2 5 41,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;NAA/Cr及Lac/Cr之间差异无显著性意义。结论 :应用1 HMRS检测肿瘤周围区代谢水平的高低可作为鉴别高级别星形细胞瘤和单发转移瘤的补充手段     

In vivo single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy in the differentiation of high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases

AIM: To determine whether single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) could be used to differentiate gliomas from metastases on the basis of differences in metabolite levels in the different involved regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients (age range from 32 to 62 years, with a median age of 46.7 years) with a solitary brain tumour (14 gliomas, eight metastases) underwent conventional, gadolinium-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted images, and 1HMRS before surgical resection. Spectra from the enhancing tumour, the peritumoural region, and normal brain were obtained from 1HMRS. A point resolved spectroscopy sequence was required for 1HMRS. The metabolites in the spectra include: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (CHO), creatine compounds (CR), myo-inositol (MI), lactate (LAC), glutamate and glutamine (Glu-n). Relative concentrations of metabolites were related to the peak area, and expressed with reference to CR. Student's t-test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in relative metabolic ratios between high-grade gliomas and metastases. Meanwhile, 16 of all 22 patients were re-examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 6 months of surgical resection. Recurrence was present in three patients (two gliomas, one metastasis). RESULTS: Of the 14 patients with gliomas, the peaks of NAA were reduced in three cases; the peaks of LAC, which were elevated, appeared as typical double-peaks in the peritumoural region in nine cases; the peaks of Glu-n, which were also elevated, had a zigzag appearance in seven cases. The peaks of MI were increased in the tumoural region in eight cases, and CHO levels were elevated in all 14 cases. Of the eight patients with metastases, Glu-n peaks in the tumoural region in three cases and CHO peaks in the tumoural region in four cases were elevated, respectively, while the peaks of CR were reduced in three cases, and the peaks of NAA were markedly reduced in four cases within the enhancing tumoural region. Elevated CHO levels (CHO-to-CR ratio was 4.98:1.46, 2.65:0.32) in both the tumoural and peritumoural regions of gliomas but not in the metastases (CHO-to-CR ratio was 1.37:0.92, 1.22:0.38), and elevated MI levels were present (MI-to-CR ratio was 1.67:0.35) within the enhancing foci of gliomas but not in the metastases (MI-to-CR ratio was 0.89:0.31). The difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). Elevated Glu-n and lipid levels were present in all three patients with recurrences. CONCLUSION: 1HMRS is a useful method in the distinction of these two kinds of tumours. It may also may provide useful prognostic information.     

Distinction between high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases using peritumoral 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy,diffusion, and perfusion imagings

This study compared the effectiveness of relative cerebral blood volume, apparent diffusion coefficient, and spectroscopic imaging in differentiating between primary high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases. A 3.0-T MR unit was used to perform proton MR spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, and conventional MR imaging on 26 patients who had solitary brain tumors (14 high-grade gliomas and 12 metastases). All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy. Twelve perfusion MR studies (8 high-grade gliomas and 4 metastases) were also performed. The results showed that the choline to creatine ratio and relative cerebral blood volume in the peritumoral regions of high-grade gliomas were significantly higher than they were in the metastases. The apparent diffusion coefficient values in tumoral and peritumoral regions of metastases were significantly higher than they were in the primary gliomas. Although conventional MR imaging characteristics of solitary metastases and primary high-grade gliomas may sometimes be similar, the peritumoral perfusion-weighted and spectroscopic MR imaging enable distinction between the two. Diffusion-weighted imaging techniques were complementary techniques to make a differential diagnosis between the two malignant tumors.     

High-grade gliomas and solitary metastases: differentiation by using perfusion and proton spectroscopic MR imaging

PURPOSE: To determine whether perfusion-weighted and proton spectroscopic MR imaging can be used to differentiate high-grade primary gliomas and solitary metastases on the basis of differences in vascularity and metabolite levels in the peritumoral region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients with a solitary brain tumor (33 gliomas, 18 metastases) underwent conventional, contrast material--enhanced perfusion-weighted, and proton spectroscopic MR imaging before surgical resection or stereotactic biopsy. Of the 33 patients with gliomas, 22 underwent perfusion-weighted MR imaging; nine, spectroscopic MR imaging; and two underwent both. Of the 18 patients with metastases, 12 underwent perfusion-weighted MR imaging, and six, spectroscopic MR imaging. The peritumoral region was defined as the area in the white matter immediately adjacent to the enhancing (hyperintense on T2-weighted images, but not enhancing on postcontrast T1-weighted images) portion of the tumor. Relative cerebral blood volumes in these regions were calculated from perfusion-weighted MR data. Spectra from the enhancing tumor, the peritumoral region, and normal brain were obtained from the two-dimensional spectroscopic MR acquisition. The Student t test was used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in relative cerebral blood volume and metabolic ratios between high-grade gliomas and metastases. RESULTS: The measured relative cerebral blood volumes in the peritumoral region in high-grade gliomas and metastases were 1.31 +/- 0.97 (mean +/- SD) and 0.39 +/- 0.19, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <.001). Spectroscopic imaging demonstrated elevated choline levels (choline-to-creatine ratio was 2.28 +/- 1.24) in the peritumoral region of gliomas but not in metastases (choline-to-creatine ratio was 0.76 +/- 0.23). The difference was statistically significant (P =.001). CONCLUSION: Although conventional MR imaging characteristics of solitary metastases and primary high-grade gliomas may sometimes be similar, perfusion-weighted and spectroscopic MR imaging enable distinction between the two.     

Relationship of MR-derived lactate, mobile lipids, and relative blood volume for gliomas in vivo

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gliomas are heterogeneous tumors with increased microvasculature, hypoxia, and necrosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution and relationship of the MR-derived relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), lactate (Lac), and mobile lipids (Lip), which have been proposed as markers for these phenomena of gliomas in vivo. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with newly diagnosed gliomas were examined before surgical biopsy and/or resection (seven grade II, five grade III, and 11 grade IV), and 27 patients were studied after surgery but before radiation treatment and/or chemotherapy (11 grade II, two grade III, and 14 grade IV gliomas). Lac and Lip were estimated from Lac-edited three-dimensional MR spectroscopic images. Dynamic susceptibility-contrast MR imaging was applied to obtain perfusion-weighted images and rCBV maps. RESULTS: Before surgical biopsy/resection, one low-grade and 12 of 16 high-grade gliomas had significantly elevated Lac. No low-grade and 10 of 16 high-grade gliomas had significantly elevated Lip. In presurgical high-grade gliomas, volumes of elevated Lip and macronecrosis were significantly correlated. rCBV was significantly increased in regions with elevated Lac. After we excluded macronecrosis, the rCBV for regions with elevated Lip but no Lac was significantly higher than rCBV in regions with elevated Lac but no Lip. After surgical biopsy/resection, more low-grade patients showed significantly elevated Lac and Lip than before. CONCLUSION: The in vivo distribution of rCBV, Lac, and Lip, as evaluated with three-dimensional MR spectroscopic imaging, may help in the diagnosis and selection of the most appropriate therapy for patients with gliomas.     

质子磁共振波谱在脑肿瘤中的应用研究

目的 研究脑肿瘤质子磁共振波谱的不同表现及其临床应用价值。材料与方法 搜集行质子磁共振波检查并经病理追踪证实的65例脑肿瘤患者,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤12例,Ⅲ级星形细胞瘤6例,成胶质细胞瘤8例,胶质瘤术后复发4例,脑膜瘤9例,转移瘤17例,神经鞘瘤4例,垂体瘤4例,表皮样囊肿1例;对侧正常相应部位作为自身对照组20例。观察定点分辨选择波谱（PRESS）采集N－乙酰天门冬氨酸（STEAM）对脂质（Lip)、丙氨酸（ Ala)等短T2代谢物的显示。结果 同对照组比较脑肿瘤NAA有不同程度下降（P＜0．05）;脑外肿瘤NAA低于脑内肿瘤,脑膜瘤NAA／Cr,NAA/Cho比Ⅲ级星形细胞瘤低（P＜0．05）;NAA减少在肿瘤中心明显;在肿瘤坏死区及术后残腔几乎测不到NAA。胶质瘤实体部分Cho信号增加（P＜0．005）;成胶质细胞瘤Cho/Cr比Ⅰ－Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤高（P＜0．05）;4例肿瘤复发Cho明显升高。约21．5％的肿瘤显示Lac峰,其中高级别胶质瘤坏死区和术后残腔8例,表皮样囊肿1例,神经鞘瘤囊变区2例,肿瘤水肿区3例。约21％的未经治疗的胶质瘤出现Lip信号;转移瘤9例,脑外肿瘤11例有不同程度的Lip显示。胶质瘤Cr正常和明显减少各半,脑膜瘤Cr低或缺乏。Ala在9例脑膜瘤中有2例显示。结论 ^1HNMRS是研究脑肿瘤物质和能量代谢的有效方法,有助于脑肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断,能提供其组织学分级、术后复发、疗效评价等信息。     

MR of toxic effects of accelerated fractionation radiation therapy and carboplatin chemotherapy for malignant gliomas.

PURPOSETo present MR findings of parenchymal brain injury after accelerated fractionation radiation therapy combined with carboplatin chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant brain gliomas.METHODSEighty-one evaluable subjects in an ongoing treatment protocol for malignant gliomas form the patient base for this report. After surgical resection of tumors, patients underwent a course of accelerated fractionation radiation therapy to a total dose of 60 Gy. Carboplatin was infused intravenously before each radiation treatment. Precontrast and postcontrast MR scans were obtained before treatment and at 4-week intervals afterward and were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTSPosttreatment MR imaging in 20 of the 81 patients showed development of unusual parenchymal lesions or enlarging masses needing debulking, and these patients underwent second operations. Two groups emerged: those with tumor and necrotic brain (n = 11) and those with necrosis and reactive gliosis but no definitive tumor (n = 9). Enhancing lesions in the tumor-negative group appeared later than those in the tumor-positive group, were often multiple, and were usually located several centimeters away from the tumor resection site or even contralaterally. Common locations were the corpus callosum and corticomedullary junctions. Lesions in the tumor-positive group were more often solitary and located immediately adjacent to the surgical site. Positive and negative results of positron emission tomography with fludeoxyglucose F 18 were obtained in both groups. The incidence of brain necrosis without associated tumor was 11%.CONCLUSIONSA pattern of unusual enhancing parenchymal brain lesions was seen on MR imaging after accelerated fractionation radiation therapy and concomitant carboplatin chemotherapy. The abnormalities seem more extensive than focal necrotic lesions on enhanced CT or MR imaging after conventional radiation therapy, and they may mimic recurrent tumor.     

Solitary brain lesions enhancing at MR imaging: evaluation with fluorine 18 fluorocholine PET

PURPOSE: To prospectively determine whether differences between benign and malignant brain lesions can be depicted with fluorine 18 ((18)F) fluorocholine positron emission tomography (PET). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients (14 women, 16 men; age range, 26-79 years) with solitary brain lesions that were enhanced at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging underwent whole-brain (18)F-fluorocholine PET after giving informed consent in this institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant study. Histopathologic diagnoses were made in 24 cases (13 high-grade gliomas, eight metastases to the brain, and three benign lesions). In six cases, benign lesions were diagnosed on the basis of longitudinal follow-up MR findings. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) for lesion and peritumoral regions was measured on PET images, and a lesion-to-normal tissue uptake ratio (LNR) was calculated. Differences were assessed with one-way analysis of variance, Fisher exact, and Student t tests. RESULTS: Differences in SUV(max) between high-grade gliomas (1.89 +/- 0.78 [mean +/- standard deviation]), metastases (4.11 +/- 1.68), and benign lesions (0.59 +/- 0.31) were significant (P < .0001). LNRs also differed significantly (5.15 +/- 2.51, 10.91 +/- 2.14, and 1.28 +/- 0.32, respectively; P < .0001). These differences were also significant at pairwise analysis. The peritumoral LNR exceeded 2.0 in seven high-grade gliomas and no metastases (P = .02). In 14 radiation-treated patients, the lesions classified as benign demonstrated significantly less uptake compared with the recurrent tumors (SUV(max): 0.72 +/- 0.38 vs 2.27 +/- 1.24, P < .01; LNR: 1.36 +/- 0.43 vs 5.88 +/- 3.66, P < .01). CONCLUSION: High-grade gliomas, metastases, and benign lesions can be distinguished on the basis of measured fluorocholine uptake. Increased peritumoral fluorocholine uptake is a distinguishing characteristic of high-grade gliomas.     

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: pre- and posttherapy evaluation with CT and MR imaging

PURPOSE: To determine the features of advanced hepatic and extrahepatic fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and their effects on immediate surgical management and tumor recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with fibrolamellar HCC underwent pretherapy computed tomography (CT); 11 underwent pretherapy magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. All 40 patients underwent posttherapy CT; four, follow-up MR imaging. Imaging, surgical, and histopathologic findings were correlated. RESULTS: Twenty-five (81%) patients had solitary tumors (mean maximum diameter, 13 cm). Thirteen (42%) patients had intrahepatic biliary obstruction; 27 (87%) patients had involvement of the portal or hepatic veins. Thirteen (42%) had extrahepatic tumor spread, nine (29%) had distant metastases on pretherapy images, and 20 (65%) had lymphadenopathy. Thirty-two (80%) of 40 patients underwent exploration surgery; curative resection was attempted in 25 (62%), including four patients who underwent liver transplantation. Only 17 patients were considered to have had hepatic and extrahepatic tumors completely excised. Tumor recurred in all eight of the 17 patients who had extrahepatic disease at pretherapy CT and in four of the seven patients who seemed to have tumor limited to the liver. A combination of repeat tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in prolonged tumor-free survival in some cases. CONCLUSION: Fibrolamellar HCC frequently demonstrates aggressive local invasion and nodal and distant metastases. Pretherapy and follow-up imaging are important for staging, surveillance, and optimal management. Aggressive surgical resection may be helpful to control fibrolamellar HCC and to prolong survival in appropriately selected cases.     

Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficients and T2 relaxation times in characterizing contrast enhancing brain tumors and regions of peritumoral edema

PURPOSE: To investigate the potential value and relationship of in vivo quantification of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and T2 relaxation times for characterizing brain tumor cellularity and tumor-related edema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas, meningiomas, or metastases underwent diffusion-weighted and six-echo multisection T2-preparation imaging. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on conventional MR images to include tumor (as defined by contrast agent enhancement) and immediate and peripheral edema. Areas of necrosis were excluded. Median values of ADCs and T2 in the ROIs were calculated. RESULTS: ADCs for gliomas were similar to those for meningiomas or metastases in all regions. Tumor T2 values for gliomas (159.5+/-30.6 msec) were significantly higher than those for meningiomas or metastases (125.0+/-31.1 msec; P=0.005). Immediate-edema T2 values for meningiomas or metastases (226.0+/-44.1 msec) were significantly higher than those for gliomas (203.5+/-32.8 msec; P=0.033). Peripheral-edema T2 values for gliomas (219.5+/-41.9 msec) were similar to those for meningiomas or metastases (202.5+/-26.5 msec; P=0.377). Both immediate- and peritumoral-edema ADCs and T2 values were significantly higher than those in tumor for both tumor types. ADCs and T2 values from all regions correlated significantly for gliomas (r=0.95; P<0.0001) and for meningiomas or metastases (r=0.81; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The higher immediate-edema T2 values for nonglial tumors than for gliomas suggest tumor-related edema (vasogenic vs. infiltrated) can be further characterized by using T2 values. There were significant correlations between ADC and T2 values.