多种抗结核分支杆菌抗体和胸膜活检对结核性胸膜炎诊断价值

目的：探讨多种抗结核分支杆菌抗体和胸膜活检术对结核性胸膜炎诊断价值。方法：对121例结核性膜炎（合并肺结核60例），44例癌性人患者进行血清，胸液四项抗结核抗体测定（抗PPD－IgG、LAM-IgG卡、TB－Dot卡、ICT－TB卡），对72例结核性胸膜炎病人进行胸膜活检病理检查。结果：血清四项抗体检测结核阻阳性率分别为75．6％、30．7％、44．7％、35．1％；癌性组为43．2％、17．1％、11．4％、2．6％。,胸液四项抗体检测结核组阳性率分别为81．7％、24．0％、27．1％、22．7％；癌性组为51．2％、14．7％、5．9％、2．85。血清和胸液结核组均比癌性组高，合并肺结核高于单纯性胸膜炎组。敏感性以抗PPD－IgG为最高，但特异性差（血清56．8％，胸液48．8％），与癌性胸水存在明显交叉；LAM－IgG卡、TB－Dot卡、ICT－TB卡，特异性血清分别为82．9％、88．6％、97．4％，胸液为85．3％、94．1％、97．2％，比抗PPD－IgG高，但敏感性较低，胸液抗体检测阳率除抗PPD－IgG外略低于血清，以抗PPD－IgG加TB－Dot卡（A组）或抗PPD－IgG与ICT－TB卡（B组）两项阳性组合，且两项均阳性时，特异性，血清可达94．3％100％，胸液可达91．4％－97．2％，阳性率，血清为43．0％－42．98％，胸液为23．7％－17．2％，可提供临床鉴别诊断参考。胸膜活检72例，阳性34例（47．2％），活检阳性与病程密切相关，发病2个月内活检阳性率最高75．5％（25／34），结论：胸膜活检病理学诊断在结核性胸膜炎诊断上有重要价值，多项抗联合测定对结核性胸膜炎诊断有一定参考意义。     

三种结核抗体快速诊断试剂盒对三种常见结核病的诊断价值

目的　探讨三种结核抗体诊断试剂盒对肺结核、结核性脑膜炎(结脑)、结核性胸膜炎(胸膜炎)诊断价值。方法 采用澳大利亚产ICT-TB卡、TB-DOT和国产快速ELISA试剂盒检测220例肺结核病人血清、56例结脑病人脑液、36例胸膜炎病人胸液与48例非结核肺疾病血清、17例非结脑脑病脑液、18例非结核性胸膜炎胸液、30例健康人血清的结核抗体对比观察。结果 三种体液结核抗体总敏感性ICT-TB卡为50.7%、TB-DOT52.7%、ELSIA58.7%,三者间无显著性差异(P>0.05),其特异性分别为97.3%、93.2%、79.7%,无显著性差异(P>0.05),ICT-TB卡对肺结核、结脑、胸膜炎血清结核抗体敏感性依次为57.2%、46.4%、30.6%,TB-DOT60.0%、44.6%、33.3%,ELSIA68.2%、42.9%、38.9%,有显著性差异(P<0.005,P<0.05)。三种试剂盒检测三种体液结核抗体比较,血清敏感性最高(57.2%～68.2%)、脑液次之(51.8%～55.4%),胸液最低(31.6%～50.0%)。结论 抗原纯度较高的TB-DOT和ICT-TB卡特异性较强,但敏感性较低,复合抗原ELISA敏感性稍高,特异性偏低,但三者的临床价值基本相同。检测结核抗体对肺结核诊断价值优于结脑和胸膜炎。     

血清及胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG检测对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的　评价血清、胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG检测对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测58例结核性胸腔积液的血清、胸腔积液抗PPDIgG,同时与胸膜活检及胸腔积液抗酸杆菌阳性率作比较,并随机选择42例非结核性胸腔积液作为对照组。结果 结核性胸腔积液血清、胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG阳性率(82.8%,96.6%)与胸膜活检阳性率(56.9%),胸腔积液抗酸杆菌阳性率(0%)比较,有显著性差异(P<0.005)。与对照组血清、胸腔积液抗PPDIgG阳性率(11.9%,21.4%)比较,有显著性差异(P<0.005)。本法血清抗PPD-IgG敏感性为82.8%,特异性为88.1%,准确性为85.0%。胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG敏感性为96.6%,特异性为78.6%,准确性为89.0%。结论 同时检测血清、胸腔积液抗PPDIgG可作为诊断结核性胸腔积液的一种可行的辅助方法。     

ADA、IFN-γ及结核分枝杆菌抗体联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的探讨ADA活性、IFN-γ含量和结核分枝杆菌抗体联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法检测56例已经经组织病理学或病原学明确诊断的结核性胸膜炎患者,20例经细胞学或组织病理学明确诊断的恶性胸腔积液患者,以及12例其他渗出性胸腔积液患者的胸液和血清中的ADA活性和IFN-γ含量以及抗结核分枝杆菌抗体阳性率,经统计学处理后,评价各项指标对结核性胸膜炎诊断的灵敏度、特异度及临床诊断符合率。结果结核性胸液中ADA活性、IFN-γ含量分别为（50.98±13.07）U/L、（139.46±70.43）pg/ml,结核分枝杆菌抗体阳性率60.7%,与恶性胸液组和其他组比较差别有统计学意义,P<0.05。以45U/L为临界值,ADA对结核性胸膜炎诊断的灵敏度为80.4%,特异度96.9%,临床诊断符合率为86.4%;IFN-γ以100pg/ml为临界值对结核性胸膜炎诊断的灵敏度为83.9%,特异度93.8%,临床诊断符合率为87.5%;胸液中结核分枝杆菌抗体检测对结核性胸膜炎诊断的灵敏度为 60.7%,特异度为87.5%,临床诊断符合率为70.5%。以3项指标联合检测任何2项阳性对结核性胸膜炎诊断的灵敏度为 92.9%,特异度100%,临床诊断符合率为95.5%。结论ADA活性、IFN-γ含量和结核分枝杆菌抗体联合检测可极大地提高结核性胸膜炎的诊断效能。     

ICT结核病快速免疫色谱测试卡对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的　探讨ICT结核病快速免疫色谱测试卡对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法 应用ICT结核病快速免疫色谱测试卡测定了42例结核性胸腔积液和29例恶性胸腔积液中的结核抗体。结果42例结核性胸腔积液中26例结核抗体阳性,恶性胸腔积液中26例结核抗体阳性,恶性胸腔积液中仅1例阳性,该方法的敏感性为61.9%,特异性为96.3%。结论 ICT卡对结核性胸膜炎具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

胸膜活检和胸液培养分枝杆菌联合运用对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的探讨胸液培养分枝杆菌、胸膜活检及其联合运用对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法通过对270例结核性胸膜炎（合并肺结核141例）患者分别同时行胸液培养分枝杆菌、胸膜活检术检查,观察并比较它们的阳性率及其联合运用的阳性率。结果单独行胸液培养分枝杆菌检查,阳性率41.1%：单独行胸膜活检术,阳性率65.2%,2种方法联用阳性率80.0%。联用方法与单独胸液培养组之间的差异具有统计学意义（χ²＝85.476,P<0.01）;与单独胸膜活检组之间的差异也有统计学意义（χ²=14.892,P<0.01）。结论2项检查均较安全,准确,对结核性胸腔积液诊断有显著意义,联合运用能大大提高确诊率,并能知道结核性胸腔积液是否是耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）和非结核分枝杆菌病（NTM）。     

蛋白芯片在结核性胸膜炎中的诊断价值

目的探讨蛋白芯片在结核性胸膜炎中的诊断价值。方法对我院内科住院的89例胸膜炎病人,其中结核性50例,癌性32例,炎性7例。通过检测血清中特异性LAM、16KD、38KD抗体与胸水ADA结果进行比较,LAM、16KD、38KD抗体任两项阳性有意义,胸水ADA>45U/L为阳性,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果胸膜炎结核组血清蛋白芯片阳性42例,阴性8例;癌性组蛋白芯片阳性2例,阴性30例;炎性组蛋白芯片阳性1例,阴性6例。结核性组胸水ADA>45U/L43例,ADA<45U/L7例;癌性组胸水ADA>45U/L3例,ADA<45U/L29例;炎性组胸水ADA>45U/L2例,ADA<45U/L5例。蛋白芯片阳性率结核性胸膜炎组84%,癌性组阳性率6.25%,炎性组阳性率14.2%;ADA阳性率结核组胸水为86%,癌性组9.37%,炎性组28.57%。P<0.05。结论蛋白芯片法检测结核抗体在结核性胸膜炎中具有一定的诊断价值。     

噬菌体生物扩增法对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的利用噬菌体生物扩增法检测胸腔积液(胸液)标本,评价其对结核性胸膜炎诊断价值。方法对本院住院结核性胸膜炎患者126例(结核性胸液组)、肿瘤患者38例(癌性胸液组)的胸液应用噬菌体生物扩增法进行结核分枝杆菌检测。结果采用噬菌体生物扩增法检测结核分枝杆菌,酶偶联法检测腺苷脱氨酶浓度,结核性胸液组的阳性率均明显高于癌性胸液组。结核抗体检测结果显示,结核性胸液组与癌性胸液组比较差异无统计学意义。采用噬菌体生物扩增法检测结核分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌抗体检测、腺苷脱氨酶检测诊断结核性胸膜炎的特异度分别为100%、57.9%、84.2%,灵敏度分别为42.1%、55.6%、55.6%。结论噬菌体生物扩增法检测胸液具有极高的特异度,可以快速、可靠地检测结核分枝杆菌,对早期诊断及抗结核效果观察具有重要的参考价值。     

超声定位下槽切式胸膜活检在老年结核性胸腔积液中的临床价值

目的　探讨超声定位下槽切式胸膜活检对老年结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法 对58例老年结核性胸腔积液患者胸膜活检的取材成功率、病理诊断阳性率进行总结,分析胸膜活检的诊断价值、影响诊断阳性率的因素,以及胸膜活检的并发症。结果 58例中取材成功率91.5%(75/82),病理结核确诊率70.7%(41/58)。增加活检次数可以提高诊断阳性率;并发症7例(8.5%)。结论 超声定位下槽切式胸膜活检可作为诊断老年结核性胸腔积液安全有效的手段。     

The diagnostic value of GeneXpert MTB/RIF of the lapping suspension of the thoracoscopic biopsy tissue in tuberculous pleural effusions

目的 评价内科胸腔镜胸膜活检组织标本研磨悬液行结核分枝杆菌GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“Xpert”)检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法 选择2017年1月1日至12月31日在沈阳市胸科医院胸膜炎病房住院,行内科胸腔镜检查的不明原因胸腔积液患者51例,均未经过抗结核药物治疗。所有患者胸膜活检组织标本一部分行常规病理检查,另一部分研磨处理后制成悬液,行BACTEC MGIT 960分枝杆菌液体培养(简称“MGIT 960培养”)及Xpert 检测。以MGIT 960培养阳性并菌种鉴定为结核分枝杆菌和胸膜组织活检病理肉芽肿性病变并抗酸染色阳性作为确诊标准,评价活检组织研磨悬液行Xpert检测在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的价值。结果 51例患者中有34例确诊为结核性胸膜炎,其中通过MGIT 960培养阳性并菌种鉴定为结核分枝杆菌而确诊者20例(39.2%,20/51),通过胸膜组织活检病理阳性而确诊者17例(33.3%,17/51),其中3例患者被2种检测方法同时确诊;17例(33.3%)诊断为非结核性胸腔积液。以最终诊断结果为金标准,Xpert法、MGIT 960培养法、病理检查诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为64.7%(22/34)和100.0%(17/17)、58.8%(20/34)和100.0%(17/17)、50.0%(17/34)和100.0%(17/17);Xpert 法检测的敏感度高于MGIT 960培养法和病理诊断,但差异无统计学意义(χ ²=1.53,P=0.466)。结论 内科胸腔镜直视下取胸膜组织活检标本,通过研磨后使其液化,再行结核分枝杆菌Xpert检测,敏感度及特异度均较高,对结核性胸膜炎的确诊具有一定的临床意义。     

血清及胸水结核抗体联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的探讨血清及胸水结核抗体联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法联合检测118例结核性胸膜炎患者的血清及胸水结核抗体,同时随机选择47例非结核性胸膜炎患者为对照组。观察联合检测的敏感性,并与PPD试验相比较。结果结核性胸膜炎患者血清及胸水结核抗体阳性率(79.7%,70.3%)明显高于结核性胸膜炎患者PPD阳性率(56.8%)(P<0.05);血清及胸水结核抗体联合检测的敏感性(89.8%)明显高于PPD试验的敏感性(56.8%)(P<0.05)。结论血清及胸水结核抗体联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断具有较高价值。     

The role of thoracoscopy in pleural biopsy in cases with pleural effusion

Between April 1985 and July 1989, 125 cases with pleural effusion were admitted to our department. The causes of pleural effusion were carcinomatous pleurisy in 47 cases, infection without tuberculosis in 34 cases, tuberculous pleurisy in 17 cases, cardiac insufficiency and hypoproteinemia in 11 cases, trauma and pneumothorax in nine cases, collagen disease in two cases and unknown origin in five cases. Carcinomatous pleurisy and tuberculous pleurisy, the differential diagnosis of which is very important, comprised 37% and 14% of all cases, respectively. These diseases can be definitively diagnosed by pleural biopsy, effusion cytology and/or effusion culture. In July 1987, we introduced thoracoscopy to improve the ratio of definitive diagnoses. The ratio for carcinomatous pleurisy in the previous term, when thoracoscopy was not being used, was 59%, while that in the latter term, when it was used, was 73%. The ratio for all cases with tuberculous pleurisy was 47%. Prior to June 1987, pleural biopsies in our department were performed with a Cope needle. Using that procedure, a low positive ratio of 50% was obtained. For thoracoscopic pleural biopsies, a high positive ratio of 84% was achieved (in carcinomatous pleurisy, 13 out of 15 cases; in tuberculous pleurisy, three out of four cases). This procedure was performed with minimal patient discomfort and no serious complications. Therefore, thoracoscopic pleural biopsy is recommended as a diagnostic procedure for cases with pleural effusion.     

Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculous and Malignant Pleural Effusions: What is the Role of Adenosine Deaminase?

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of invasive and noninvasive diagnostic procedures in tuberculous pleurisy (TPE) in an area with intermediate incidence of tuberculosis. The aim was to determine the cutoff value for adenosine deaminase (ADA) and the sensitivity and specificity of ADA and evaluate pleural fluid cytology and pleural biopsy in the differential diagnosis of malignant and tuberculous pleurisy. The study included 121 patients. TPE was confirmed in 54 patients and malignant effusion in 67 patients. Criteria used for TPE diagnosis were positive cultures of effusion or biopsy specimen, tuberculous granulomas, or positive sputum cultures without other explanation for pleural effusion. Malignancy was diagnosed by either cytology or biopsy. The cutoff value of ADA in TPE was 49 U/L, sensitivity was 89.2%, specificity was 70.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 84.4%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 78.4%. ADA activity below 16 U/L suggests that TPE is highly unlikely with sensitivity=38.5%, specificity=100%, PPV=100%, and NPV=57.4%. ADA effusion/serum ratio reached a cutoff in TPE of 1.7 (sensitivity=84.6%, specificity=72.2%, PPV=81.4%, NPV=71.4%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of cytology evaluation for TPE are 72.2%, 70.1%, 66.1%, and 75.8%, respectively. Pleuroscopy-guided pleural biopsy had sensitivity=66.7%, specificity=100%, PPV=100%, and NPV=78.8%. In 27.8% of TPE cases, pleural fluid cultures were positive. There is no doubt that pleuroscopy-guided biopsy is of great value for TPE diagnosis; however, sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive tests, especially ADA, can help to distinguish between TB and malignancy.     

结核性胸膜炎的临床特征(附345例分析)

目的　进一步了解结核性胸膜炎的临床特点及其与肺结核的关系。方法 对345例结核性胸膜炎病人的临床特征进行回顾性分析。结果 ①年龄分布,<35岁占51.6%,≥55岁占23.2%,平均38.1岁。②发热、咳嗽、胸痛的发生率分别为73.6%、57.7%和51.9%。③单侧胸水占93.0%,双侧胸水占7.0%,左、右侧发生率分别为47.8%及45.2%。④中、小量胸水共占94.5%,大量胸水仅占5.5%。⑤胸膜炎同时合并肺结核占47.8%。⑥胸水呈草黄色占89.6%,呈血性占10.4%。⑦胸水结核菌检出率为3.2%。⑧PPD试验阳性反应者占83.3%。⑨红细胞沉降率(ESR)增快者占64.9%,均值为46.9mm/1h。结论 结核性胸膜炎仍是目前的常见疾病之一,多见于青少年,与肺结核关系密切,在诊断时应注意其临床特点。     

Antibody detection for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.

SETTING: University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of antibody detection in serum and in pleural effusion as a marker of tuberculous pleuritis (TBP). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-five patients with pleural effusion who underwent diagnostic evaluation at Siriraj Hospital between March 1999 and May 2000 were recruited. Samples of pleural fluid were examined biochemically, cytologically and microbiologically. Pathological examination of pleural tissue was also performed. The diagnosis of TBP or other diagnosis was made by either pathological finding or culture result. Immunochromatographic tuberculosis (ICT-TB) tests for antibody detection were then performed using the stored serum samples and effusions from those patients with a final definite diagnosis. This test detects antibodies to five secreted antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including the 38 kDa antigen. RESULTS: We investigated 67 patients with TBP, 44 with malignant pleural effusions, seven with transudates and one with cryptococcal pleuritis. The combined ICT-TB serum and effusion tests were positive in 34/67 TBP and 22/52 non-TBP patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the ICT-TB test were 50.7, 57.7, 60.7 and 47.6%, respectively. In 11 TBP patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, the sensitivity of the ICT-TB test was 45.6%. There was no correlation between the test positivity and culture result or duration of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of antibody detection in TBP is modest in an area with intermediate prevalence of tuberculosis, independently of HIV serological status.     

A clinical study of tuberculous pleurisy]

Forty-eight cases of tuberculous pleurisy were examined and the following results were obtained. (1) Most of the patients were male, and there was no significant age and underlying diseases. (2) Fever and chest pain were observed mainly in younger patients, and sputum and dyspnea in older patients. (3) All of the cases examined had exudative pleural effusion, and increased ADA activity was frequently observed. (4) Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in the sputum of 65%, and also in the pleural effusion of 28% of the patients. The pathological diagnosis of tuberculosis was made by pleural biopsy in 83% of the patients, suggesting that pleural biopsy is very useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy. (5) The prognosis of the patients with tuberculosis pleurisy was good. Steroid therapy was generally ineffective.     

A clinical study of tuberculous pleurisy

A clinical study of 38 patients (28 men and 10 women) with tuberculous pleurisy was conducted. The age of these patients ranged from 19 to 92 years, with an average age of 48.9 years. In 30 patients, the chief complaint was fever, and other common complaints included chest pain, dyspnea, and coughing. Bacillus tuberculosis was found in the pleural fluid of 7.9% of the patients. Tuberculous pleurisy was diagnosed histologically, based on pleural biopsy, in 23.7% of the patients. The diagnosis rate of pleural biopsy was 47.4%. There were no significant differences in results of blood and pleural fluid tests between idiopathic pleurisy and concomitant pleurisy, but the tuberculin skin test was positive in only 50% of the patients with concomitant pleurisy. The tendency was that the longer the time period between symptom onset and first examination, the greater the pleural fluid retention. The diagnosis rate of pleural biopsy was influenced by the severity of pleural fluid retention. A thoracic cavity drain was inserted for continuous drainage in 15 patients, and every patient underwent INH + RFP-based chemotherapy. Tuberculous pleurisy is an important disease among patients with pleural fluid retention, thus clinicians need to know how to treat this disease.     

TB-SA结核分枝杆菌抗体检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断意义

目的评估胸水和血清特异性TB—sA结核抗体对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法用TB—sA抗体IgG检测试剂盒（酶联免疫法）分别检测121例结核性胸膜炎和30例非结核性胸膜炎胸水、血清标本中的TB—SA结核抗体,分析实验资料。结果121例结核性胸膜炎组中,胸水检测TB-sA抗体的敏感性为68．60％,血清检测TB—sA抗体的敏感性为33．88％。30例非结核性胸膜炎组胸水检测的特异性为96．67％,血清检测特异性为96．67％。结论胸水TB-SA抗体检测在结核性胸膜炎的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有较重要的参考价值。