牙周治疗对种植体周围龈沟液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α表达的影响

目的:观察采用牙周洁治和牙周冲洗对种植体周围组织炎症治疗后,种植体周围龈沟液中细胞因子IL-1,βIL-6和TNF-α的表达变化。方法:对周围龈组织有炎症表现的31枚种植体进行牙周洁治和牙周冲洗治疗,治疗前、后均采用whatman1#滤纸条吸取种植体龈沟液(PICF)。ELISA法检测PICF中细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量。结果:经过牙周洁治和牙周冲洗治疗后的PICF样本中,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量较治疗前显著降低,且软组织炎症有明显缓解。结论:PICF中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量与种植体周围组织的炎症程度具有相关性,具有作为评价种植体周围组织炎症指标的可能性。     

牙种植体龈沟液中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的检测分析

目的：研究口腔种植体周围龈沟液（PICF）中IL－1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达特点。方法：34位接受种植义齿治疗的患者作为受试者，检测种植体数目为43枚，其中种植体龈组织有炎症表现的31枚作为实验组，龈组织健康的12枚作为对照组。用whatman 1#滤纸条吸取种植体龈沟液（PICF）。采用ELISA法检测PICF中的细胞因子（IL－1β、IL-6、TNF-α）的种类及含量。结果：种植体龈组织健康的PICF中未检测到IL－1β和IL－6，但有少量的TNF－α。种植体龈组织有炎症表现的PICF样本中可检测到IL－1β、IL-6的存在，TNF-α的含量有显著增加。结论：IL－1β、IL-6、TNF-α参与了种植体组织炎症的免疫调节，并且有可能作为评价种植体组织健康程度的指标。     

实验性种植体周围炎龈沟液中IL-10和IL-17的分析

目的：分析实验性种植体周围炎不同时期龈沟液（PISF）中IL-10和IL-17的变化,探讨其在种植体周围炎发生发展过程中的作用。方法：采用丝线结扎法建立狗的实验性种植体周围炎模型,种植体随机分为实验组A（丝线持续结扎17w）和实验组B（结扎8w后去除丝线并进行洁治）,以口腔内另一侧不进行丝线结扎的种植体为对照。各组种植体分别在丝线结扎时（基点）和基点后1、4、8、9、13、17周时记录牙周袋深度（PPD）、菌斑指数（PI）和改良龈沟出血指数（MBI）,采集种植体周围龈沟液,检测PISF的量以及其中IL-10和IL-17的含量。分析不同时间点和不同组别种植体各项临床指标、PISF量以及其中IL-10和IL-17的差异。结果：与对照组相比,丝线结扎后种植体周围PPD、PI和MBI均出现改变。在临床指标出现改变前,PISF的量以及其中IL-10和IL-17的含量开始变化。PISF的量随时间增加,8周后保持比较稳定的水平,洁治后PISF量降低,13周后与对照组无差异。IL-10的含量随时间降低,8周后保持比较稳定的水平,洁治后开始升高。IL-17的含量随时间增加,洁治后降低。结论：IL-10和IL-17与种植体周围炎的发生发展有密切关系,其含量可在一定程度上反映种植体周围组织的炎症状况,IL-17可能作为早期诊断和预测种植体周围炎的指标。     

前列腺素E2在种植体周围龈沟液中的含量测定及其临床意义

目的：探讨前列腺素E2（Prstaglandin E2,PGE2）在种植体周龈沟液中的含量水平与种植牙牙周组织临床指数-菌斑指数（plaque index,PI）,牙龈指数（gingival index,GI）和牙周探诊深度（probing pocket depths,PPD）之间的关系.方法：检查实验组36颗和对照组36颗种植体牙周情况,实验组为有明显炎症的种植体,牙周探诊深度均超过3mm.同时试纸收集种植体周围龈沟液,ELISA法检测其龈沟液中的PGE2含量,所得数据用t检验和Pearson相关分析进行统计学处理.结果：PGE2表达和患种植体周围炎的种植体牙周指数呈显著相关（P＜0.05）,且实验组和对照组的PGE2表达统计学差异明显（P＜0.05）.结论：龈沟液中PGE2含量可为种植体周围炎病变的诊断提供客观参考.     

牙周菌斑控制对孕妇妊娠期龈炎龈沟液CRP的影响

目的：探讨牙周基础治疗中菌斑控制对孕妇妊娠期龈炎龈沟液中C反应蛋白（CRP）影响。方法：选择在深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院妇保科建档的单胎，无系统性疾病，患妊娠期龈炎的孕妇65例，随机分为实验组（牙周菌斑控制＋牙周洁治组）33例、对照组（单纯牙周洁治组）32例。收集患者初始时及治疗后龈沟液（GCF），用ELISA法测定其中CRP含量，记录治疗前后牙周健康指数（PLI、SBI、PD）。比较各组龈沟液CRP表达与牙周健康状况。结果：妊娠期龈炎患者初始龈沟液CRP水平均高于各组牙周基础治疗后龈沟液CRP表达，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）；牙周菌斑控制＋牙周洁治组患者治疗后龈沟液CRP水平低于单纯牙周洁治组，与牙周健康指数呈正相关，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：实施菌斑控制的牙周基础治疗能更有效降低孕妇妊娠期龈炎龈沟液CRP水平，改善牙周健康状况。     

白介素-1β与种植体周围炎的相关性实验研究

目的:研究种植体周围龈沟液(PICF)中的IL-1β(白介素-1β)与种植体周围炎的相关性。方法:将受试种植体大致分为三组:A组轻度种植体周围炎25枚、B组重度种植体周围炎5枚、C健康组(对照组)16枚,用ELISA法检测各PICF中IL-1β的含量。结果:C组的PICF中未检测到IL-1β,而A、B组的PICF中可检测出IL-1β,且检出率与炎症程度成正相关。结论:IL-1β与种植体周围炎的发生具有相关性,可作为评价种植体周围炎程度的指标。     

种植体周围龈沟液中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的检测

目的：观察健康组织和炎症组织种植体周围龈沟液（PISF）中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP—1）的含量及其与种植体周围临床指标的关系。方法：34例接受种植义齿修复病例,47颗种植体,根据种植体周围组织状况和影像学表现分为健康组（28颗）和炎症组（19颗）,分别记录牙周袋深度（PPD）、菌斑指数（PI）和改良龈沟出血指数（MBI）,采集种植体周围龈沟液（PISF）,检测PISF的量以及其中MCP-1的含量。采用SPSS11．0软件比较两组种植体之间以及炎症组治疗前后PISF中MCP-1含量及其与种植体各项临床指标的关系。结果：炎症组种植体治疗前PPD、PI、MBI和MCP-1含量均显著高于健康组;治疗后除PPD外,其余各项指标显著下降。MCP-1与PI和MBI呈显著正相关,与PPD无明显相关性。结论：MCP-1与种植体周围炎的发生发展有密切关系,PISF中MIP-1的含量可在一定程度上反映种植体周围软组织的炎症状况。     

牙周治疗前后龈沟液中白细胞介素-6水平的变化

目的：探讨牙周洁利治对患牙龈沟液中IL-6水平的影响。方法：选取12例成人牙周炎患者的重度牙周炎换牙12颗,采集治疗前患牙的龈沟液并记录相关的临床指标。然后对患牙进行龈上洁治和龈下刮治,两周后,再次采集患牙的龈沟液并记录相关的临床指标。采用双抗体夹心ELISA法对牙周炎患牙龈沟液中IL-6水平进行检测。比较牙周洁刮治前后龈沟液中IL-6水平的差异。结果：经过牙周洁刮治,患牙龈沟中IL-6的水平明显降低,同时患牙的牙周临床指标也有明显的改善。结论：牙周基础治疗在缓解牙周炎患牙局部炎症的同时,也对患牙局部的IL-6水平产生明显影响。     

洁治和根面平整术对冠心病合并牙周炎患者血清及龈沟液中白介素-1β的影响

目的：探讨洁治和根面平整术对冠心病伴牙周炎患者血清及龈沟液中白介素-1β的影响。方法：选取50名患有冠心病并伴发中、重度慢性牙周炎的中老年患者（CHD组）、40名单纯中、重度慢性牙周炎患者（CP组）及50名健康者（H组）,对CHD组和CP组实施洁治和根面平整治疗,进行基线及治疗后1个月的牙周专科检查、采集血清及龈沟液;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定IL-1β。结果：基线时血清IL-1β在CHD组高于CP组和H组,且CP组高于H组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;CHD组和CP组的临床指标及龈沟液中IL-1β显著高于H组（P〈0.01）,而CHD组和CP组无显著性差异;CHD组和CP组经过治疗后所有病人的牙周临床指标及血清和龈沟液中IL-1β水平均明显降低（P〈0.01）。结论：洁治和根面平整术可降低冠心病伴牙周炎患者血清中IL-1β水平,有利于冠心病的预防和治疗。     

��ֲ����Χ�׻�������Һ��IL-18��MMP-13����о�

目的探讨龈沟液中白介素-18（IL-18）和基质金属蛋白酶-13（MMP-13）表达与种植体周围炎的关系,评价其作为种植体周围炎诊断客观指标的意义。方法选择2011年5月至2013年5月在佳木斯大学口腔医学院口腔种植科行ITI种植体种植的患者30例作为研究对象（种植体40颗）,根据种植体周围情况将其分为健康种植体组（28颗）和炎症种植体组（12颗）：将对侧同名健康天然牙作为对照（健康天然牙组,40颗）。分别检测各组的牙周探诊深度（PD）、出血指数（SBI）、龈沟液（GCF）量及GCF中的IL-18、MMP-13含量并进行分析。结果炎症种植体组的PD、SBI值显著高于健康种植体组和健康天然牙组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。炎症种植体组的GCF量以及GCF中IL-18和MMP-13含量均高于健康种植体组和健康天然牙组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。健康种植体组与健康天然牙组比较,两组的PD、SBI、GCF量以及GCF中IL—18和MMP-13含量的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论IL-18和MMP-13与种植体周围炎有密切关系,可作为种植体周围炎早期诊断的有效检测指标。     

Associations of alveolar bone loss and interleukin-1β levels in one- and two-stage surgical procedures: a randomized prospective trial

Objective: Dental implants have been widely and successfully used in recent years as an alternative treatment for removable and fixed dental prostheses. The aim of this randomized prospective study was to determine the alveolar bone loss rate (ABLR) and IL-1β levels in one- and two-stage surgical procedures.

Materials and methods: This study included 40 patients with a single missing tooth in the posterior mandible; dental implants were inserted using a one-stage surgical procedure (Group I) or a two-stage surgical procedure (Group II). All clinical periodontal parameters were recorded; peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were collected before loading (T0) and during the third (T1) and sixth (T2) months after loading. ABLR values were evaluated at T0 and T2 by using dental tomography. PICF was analysed after T2 samples were collected. The study was registered through clinicaltrials.gov; identifier NCT03045458.

Results: This study found that, the probing pocket depth was found to be significantly higher in Group I than Group II at both T1 and T2 (p?p?>?.05). There was a significant difference between Group I ABLR values at T0 and T2 (p?p?>?.05).

Conclusions: Within the limitations of the short observational period and small sample size of this study, two-stage implant placement shows comparable clinical outcomes to implants placed using a one-stage placement protocol.     

Longitudinal Comparison of Cytokines in Peri‐Implant Fluid and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Healthy Mouths

Background: Peri‐implant and gingival tissues provide important sealing and protective functions around implants and teeth, but comparisons of the immunologic responses of these tissues after implant placement have not been conducted. Cytokine levels were measured in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as surrogate measures of immune function at subcrestally placed dental implants and healthy periodontal sites during a 1‐year monitoring period. Methods: A total of 27 dental implants were placed subcrestally in 21 periodontally healthy patients (mean age: 49.0 ± 13.4 years). Repeated clinical and cytokine measurements were obtained over 12 months. GCF and PICF samples were collected and analyzed by cytokine microarray. Data were examined by non‐parametric analysis of variance. Results: Plaque and bleeding indices were similar among all patients (P >0.05) at baseline. During 1 year of monitoring, the mean volumes of PICF and GCF were similar (P >0.05). The levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, ‐6, ‐10, and ‐12p70, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interferon‐γ in GCF and PICF were not significantly different and did not vary over time (P >0.05). The levels of IL‐1α were higher in GCF than PICF at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months, as were the levels of IL‐8 at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months (P <0.001). Transforming growth factor‐β1 in PICF and GCF exhibited time‐dependent increases, and vascular endothelial growth factor was reduced at 1 year without differences between PICF and GCF (P >0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study design, it can be concluded that after subcrestal implant placement, the immune response of peri‐implant and periodontal tissues, as assessed by cytokine levels in PICF and GCF, is similar.     

Interleukin-1beta,tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and neutrophil elastase activity in peri-implant crevicular fluid

The aim of this study was to determine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of smoker and nonsmoker patients, and to investigate their relationships with clinical parameters. A total of 42 endosseous root-form dental implants of 14 patients were clinically examined by modified Plaque index (PI), modified Gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD). Smoking habits of the patients were recorded. PICF of implants were collected by Periopaper strips and IL-1beta, TNF-alpha levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NE was analyzed with a neutrophil specific chromogenic substrate, N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide. The cytokine and enzyme levels in PICF were expressed as total amount/activity and as concentrations. NE activity in PICF significantly correlated with GI and PD, and IL-1beta levels with GI and PICF volume (P < 0.05). The correlations were stronger when the PICF levels were expressed as total IL-1beta amount and as total NE activity. The implants with inflamed gingiva (GI > 1) had higher levels of IL-1beta and NE activity than implants with noninflamed or slightly inflamed gingiva (GI 3 mm) was greater than the implants with shallow pockets (PD 相似文献   

Osteocalcin,deoxypyridinoline and interleukin-1beta in peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis

The aim of the present study was to analyze the levels of osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) and interleukin-1beta as markers of bone metabolism in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from peri-implantitis patients. PICF was sampled from a total of 34 endosseous titanium implants from 16 patients; nine females (mean age 52.8, range 40-62 years) and seven males (mean age 56.0, range 36-66 years). The implants had been in place for a period of 9-112 months (mean; 35.8 months) since the loading. These sites were categorized as six peri-implantitis, eight peri-implant mucositis and 20 healthy implant. PICF volume from peri-implantitis sites was significantly higher than mucositis and healthy implant sites (P < 0.01). Osteocalcin levels in PICF from mucositis sites were significantly higher than healthy implants (P < 0.05), whereas peri-implantitis sites were not significantly different from either mucositis or healthy implant sites. Dpd could not be detected in any of the samples examined. IL-1beta levels in PICF from peri-implantitis sites were significantly higher than levels from peri-implant mucositis (P < 0.05) and healthy implant sites (P < 0.01). In conclusion, osteocalcin in PICF may reflect increased local bone turnover around implants. Further, IL-1beta should be a useful marker for peri-implant inflammation.     

Expression of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-33 in the peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-33 in the peri-implantar crevicular fluid (PICF) and in parotid gland saliva (PGS) of healthy patients, and peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis patients.Materials and methodsThe PICF was collected from 40 implants as follows: 10 peri-implant mucositis patients, 20 peri-implantitis patients and 10 healthy patients. The PICF and PGS samples collected from each patient were quantified for IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-33 by enzymatic immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsIL-6, IL-17 and IL-33 levels on PIFC were significantly higher in peri-implantitis group when compared to healthy group. IL-17 and IL-33 levels in PIFC were significantly higher in peri-implant mucositis group than in healthy group. There was no significant difference when comparing IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-33 levels in PGS among healthy, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis groups.ConclusionsTherefore, as in patients with peri-implantitis there were significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-33 in PICF, we believe that these cytokines were intensifying local inflammatory process, and contributing to clinical aspects such as increased marginal bleeding and probing depth found in patients with peri-implantitis. Furthermore, as IL-17 and IL-33 were increased in patients with peri-implant mucositis, hypothesized that these cytokines were also contributing to the inflammatory process observed in this disease.     

TNF-alpha TGF-beta2 and IL-1beta levels in gingival and peri-implant crevicular fluid before and after de novo plaque accumulation

Aims: The aim of this split‐mouth study was to investigate levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β2) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) after a 21‐day‐period of de novo plaque accumulation in the same patient. Material and Methods: In 25 patients, samples of GCF and PICF were collected in the sulcus of the tooth and of the implant after professional hygiene. After the no‐hygiene phase (21 days), second samples of GCF and PICF were taken. Third samples were collected after 69 days of re‐establishment oral hygiene techniques. The crevicular fluids were used to determine the volume and the levels of TNF‐α, TGF‐β2 and IL‐1β. Results: The volume of the crevicular fluids increased significantly after 21 days of plaque accumulation around teeth and implants and decreased significantly by 69 days. TNF‐α and TGF‐β2 did not change significantly among the three different samples. A significant increase of IL‐1β was observed after plaque accumulation around the teeth GCF, whereas in the PICF the increase was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These data suggest that increased volumes of GCF and PICF could be useful markers of early inflammation in gingival and peri‐implant tissues. In the presence of de novo plaque, implants showed lower, and nearly significant, levels of IL‐1β compared with teeth.     

Effect of different localizations of microgap on clinical parameters and inflammatory cytokines in peri-implant crevicular fluid: a prospective comparative study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of microgap on clinical and biochemical parameters around dental implants for 1 year. All patients received four implants: group A—Standard Straumann^? implants, group B—1 mm subcrestal placement of the polished surface of group A implants, group C—esthetic plus Straumann? implants, group D—subcrestal placement of the polished surface of group C implants. Clinical measurements and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were collected immediately before loading and at 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after loading, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been assessed in the crevicular fluid. No significant differences were found in plaque index, gingival index, and probing between the groups throughout the study. However, the PICF volumes of group D were significantly higher than that in the other groups, and group A were significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05). With respect to bleeding on probing values, the percentage of BOP (+) sides in group A implants were fewer than group C and D implants (P < 0.05). With regard to IL-1β, the levels of IL-1β in group A were lower than that in the other groups during the study (P < 0.05). In point of TNF-α total amounts, the levels of TNF-α in group A implants were lower than those in group B and D implants (P < 0.05). Moving microgap coronally from alveolar crest could be recommended for the health of periodontal tissues. Most coronal location of microgap can be suggested in order to maintain the peri-implant health status, particularly in implant sites without esthetic priority.     

牙周洁治与前列腺素的关系

目的 :探讨牙周洁治前后唾液中前列腺素 (PGs)变化 ,分析牙周洁治与PGs的关系。方法 :选慢性牙周炎(CP)患者 19例、青少年牙周炎 (JP)患者 11例 ,牙龈炎和健康人各 10例 ,用放射免疫测定法分析牙周洁治前后患者唾液中 6 -酮 -前列腺素F1a (6 -K -PGF1a)和前列腺素E2 (ProstaglandinE2 ,PGE2 )含量变化。结果 :洁治后牙周炎组患者唾液中 6 -K -PGF1a和PGE2 较治疗前明显降低 ,牙龈炎组患者唾液中 6 -k -PGF1a和PGE2 含量较洁治前降低最明显 ,健康人组唾液中 6 -K -PGF1a和PGE2 含量较治疗前轻度降低。洁治后CP组患者唾液中 6 -K-PGF1a和PGE2 较治疗前明显降低 ,而对JP患者降低程度较CP明显降低。结论 :牙周洁治对牙龈炎患者唾液中PGs降低程度最强 ,对牙周炎和健康人有一定降低作用 ,对JP患者降低程度最差。牙周洁治的作用机理可能与调节机体唾液中的PGs有密切关系。     

Comparison of Azithromycin and Amoxicillin Before Dental Implant Placement: An Exploratory Study of Bioavailability and Resolution of Postoperative Inflammation

Background: Studies suggest that a single prophylactic dose of amoxicillin reduces early implant complications, but it is unclear whether other antibiotics are also effective. This study compared the local antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects resulting from a single dose of azithromycin or amoxicillin before surgical placement of one‐stage dental implants. Methods: Healthy adult patients requiring one‐stage dental implant placement were allocated randomly to receive either 2 g amoxicillin (n = 7) or 500 mg azithromycin (n = 6) before surgery. Peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples from the new implant and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from adjacent teeth were sampled on postoperative days 6, 13, and 20. Inflammatory mediators in the samples were analyzed by immunoassay, and antibiotic levels were measured by bioassay. Results: On day 6, azithromycin concentrations in GCF and PICF were 3.39 ± 0.73 and 2.77 ± 0.90 μg/mL, respectively, whereas amoxicillin was below the limit of detection. During early healing, patents in the azithromycin group exhibited a significantly greater decrease in GCF volume (P = 0.03, analysis of variance). At specific times during healing, the azithromycin group exhibited significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 in GCF than the amoxicillin group and exhibited significantly lower levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, IL‐8, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β, and interferon‐gamma‐inducible protein‐10 in PICF. Conclusions: Azithromycin was available at the surgical site for a longer period of time than amoxicillin, and patients taking azithromycin exhibited lower levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in GCF and PICF. Thus, preoperative azithromycin may enhance resolution of postoperative inflammation to a greater extent than amoxicillin.