Effect of Xiaofenghuoxue decotion on Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in BALF in allergen-induced asthma guinea pigs

Objective To investigate the effect of Xiaofenghuoxue decotion(XFHX)on the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in asthma guinea pigs sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin.Methods The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups:the normal control group,the asthma group,the XFHX high dose group,the XFHX low dose group and the budesonide group.2 weeks after sensitization with a mixture of 10% OVA and 10% Al(OH)3,the drugs were given to the animals for 7 days,and then the animals were challenged with aerosol of 1% ovalbumin,the latency time for the onset of respiratory abnormalities was examined,BALF was collected 16 h after.Leukocyte in BALF was counted.The level of IFN-γ reduced by Th1 cells and IL-4 and IL-5 produced by Th2 cells were determined by EILSA.NO contents were also examined.Results The latency time for the onset of respiratory abnormalities and leukocyte infiltration in both XFHX high dose group and low dose group significantly decreased compared with the asthma group.The level of IFN-γ in both XFHX high dose group and low dose group significantly increased compared with the asthma group,the level of IL-4 and IL-5 in both XFHX high dose group and low dose group significantly decreased compared with the asthma group.The production of NO was inhibited in both XFHX high dose group and low dose group compared with the asthma group.Conclusions These results suggest that the anti-asthma effect of Xiaofenghuoxue decotion is associated with NO regulated reversal of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in allergen-induced asthma guinea pigs.     

细胞因子与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

Objective To study on the changes of the IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP in the type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance and the relation of plasma glucose or insulin resistance and cytokines. Methods (1) To assay the serum level of cytokines in 125 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and 40 normal controls. (2)To measure the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), fasting C-peptide (FCP). (3)To analyze the relation of the level of FPG、HBA1c、FINS、FCP and cytokines. Results (1)The serum levels of cytokines in T2DM group were significantly higher than in control groups, IL-6、CRP、TNF-α in T2DM group with insulin resistance were significantly increase than in T2DM group without insulin resistance; (2)There was significantly positively correlation between insulin resistance and the increasing of cytokine levels. Conclusion There is an excess activation of cytokines in T2DM, which is significantly correlated with insulin resistance. Cyto-kines plays an important role in the occurrence and development of T2DM and insulin resistance.     

Effects of GM-CSF, IL-3, and GM-CSF／IL-3 fusion protein on apoptosis of human myeloid leukemic cell line Tf-1 induced by irradiation

AIM: To observe the effects of three cytokines on the apoptosis of Tf-1 cells induced by γ irradiation and investigate the relationship between apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. METHODS: Different cytokines GM-CSF, IL-3 and GM-CS/IL-3 fusion protein were added into the irradiated Tf-1 cells. MTT assay, morphology, flow cytometry,and DNA fragmentation assay were used to observe the effects of cytokines on apoptosis. The caspase-3 activity was determined with a fluorocytometer. RESULTS: Irradiated Tf-1 cells showed typical morphological characteristic of apoptosis demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and were accumulated in G0/G1 phase. In the groups treated with growth factors after irradiation, three cytokines significantly increased the viability rate, distinctly decreased the apoptosis rate and the proportion of DNA fragmentation. When Tf-1 cells were irradiated by γ irradiation, caspase-3 activity was increased at different time points. In comparison with the control group in which no growth factor was added after the cells were irradiated, the caspase-3 activity of irradiated Tf-1 cells was significantly inhibited by addition of the above cytokines. Thirty-six hours after irradiation, in the control group,GM-CSF, IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-3 in combination, and two GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein groups, the apoptosis ratewas 73 %, 11%, 15 %, 13 %, 12 %, and 13 %. The percent of fragmented DNA was 36 %, 19 %, 18 %, 14 %,13 %, and 14 %. The fluorescence intensity was 16923, 5529, 6581, 5322, 5426, and 5485. CONCLUSION:GM-CSF, IL-3, and GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein could protect Tf-1 cells from apoptosis induced by γ irradiation.After Tf-1 cells were irradiated, the caspase-3 activity was significantly increased but was dramatically decreased by the above cytokines. The remarkable inhibition of caspase-3 activity may be one of the mechanisms of these hematopoietic growth factors exerting their anti-apoptotic effects.     

高压氧对大鼠急性胰腺炎T细胞亚群及电镜超微结构变化的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in rats with acute pancreatitis. Methods 56 rats were randomly divided into three groups the sham group ( n = 8 ),control group( n = 24) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy group( treatment group, n = 24), then the control group and treatment groups were divided into three subgroups of 8 rats each undergoing euthanasia on days 1,3,7 after the acute pancreatitis induction. The CD4+ ,CD8+ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively at the fist day and each day of the euthanasia. The sham group was used to make sure that the model was successfully induced. After euthanasia the pancrea was examined using electron microscopy. Results In the control group, the CD4+ cells in AP rats was significantly decreased and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ also decreased. After 7days of HBO therapy,compared with the control group, the CD4+ lymphocytes of peripheral blood in the treatment group markedly increased( P ＜0.01 ). The CD8+ lymphocytes also increased to a certain extent. And the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood was obviously increased(P ＜0. 01 ). Also more severe pathological changes appeared in the untreated group than in the treatment group. Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen therapy could improve the oxygen supply in acute panereatitis, regulate T cell immune function.     

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 and γ-glutamate cysteine synthetase in rats with chronic hepatic injury北大核心CSCD

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of N-acetylcysteine on nuclear factor-eythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and γ-glutamate cysteine synthetase(γ-GCS) in rats with chronic hepatic injury. METHODS The rats were divided into normal control and model groups. 25% CCI4olive oil solutiond mL·kg-1) was given by subcutaneous injection to induce a chronic hepatic injury rat model, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, rats with chronic hepatic injury were equally divided into 5 groups: NAC 45, 90 and 180 mg·kg-1 groups, glutathione (GSH) 54 mg·kg-1 group (positive model group) and model group. Normal control and model groups were given the same volume of sterilized normal sodium, once a day, for 4 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, all the rats were sacrificed. The levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in serum and superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and hydroxyproline(Hyp) in hepatic tissue were detected. Liver histopathological changes were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and y-GCS in hepatic tissue. The mRNA levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and γ-GCS in the liver were detected by realtime PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, levels of GPT, GOT, MDA and Hyp were raised(P<0.01), while protein expresssion of Nrf2 and HO-1 and γ-GCS, levels of SOD and GSH had no statistical difference. There was extensive adipose degeneration in hepatic cells in model group, and round vacuoles of different size were seen in hepatic tissue. Some hepatic cells developed edema, and portal areas were infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Compared with normal control group, GPT and GOT in serum, SOD, GSH and Hyp in hepatic tissue in NAC groups were decreased(P<0.05, P< 0.01). Compared with positive control group, Hyp in hepatic tissue declined obviously in NAC 45, 90 and 180 mg· kg-1 groups (P<0.01). Nrf2 expression in NAC 45 mg· kg-1 groups increased obviously (P<0.01). Compared with NAC 45 mg· kg-1 group, Nrf2 expression in NAC 90 and 180 mg· kg-1 groups declined (P<0.05, PO.01). CONCLUSION Low-dose broncholysin could protect against oxidative stress and prevent chronic hepatic injury by regulating the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and γ-GCS.     

Changes and their significances of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 level in mouse peripheral blood following intraperitoneal injection with influenza viruses

Objective To observe changes of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 levels in mouse peripheral blood following intraperitoneal injection with influenza viruses. Methods Mice were divided into 3 groups randomly and injected with human H3N2 influenza virus, avian H9N2 influenza virus and sterilized virus-free allantoic fluid, respectively. Sera in different groups were collected at several time points after virus injection, and the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in peripheral blood were tested by sandwich ELISA. Statistical analysis was made using analysis of variance and LSD-t test. Results The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in peripheral blood in influenza viruses injection groups were significantly higher than those in negative control group, and no significant difference in TNF-α level was found between influenza viruses injection groups and negative control group. Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection with human or avian influenza viruses can promote the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 in mouse peripheral blood, but it has little effect on the production of TNF-α.     

Changes and their significances of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 level in mouse peripheral blood following intraperitoneal injection with influenza viruses

Objective To observe changes of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 levels in mouse peripheral blood following intraperitoneal injection with influenza viruses. Methods Mice were divided into 3 groups randomly and injected with human H3N2 influenza virus, avian H9N2 influenza virus and sterilized virus-free allantoic fluid, respectively. Sera in different groups were collected at several time points after virus injection, and the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in peripheral blood were tested by sandwich ELISA. Statistical analysis was made using analysis of variance and LSD-t test. Results The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in peripheral blood in influenza viruses injection groups were significantly higher than those in negative control group, and no significant difference in TNF-α level was found between influenza viruses injection groups and negative control group. Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection with human or avian influenza viruses can promote the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 in mouse peripheral blood, but it has little effect on the production of TNF-α.     

参附注射液对兔肺挫伤治疗作用的实验研究

Objective To investigate the effects of Shen-fu injection on pulmonary contusion rabbits. Meth-ods Sixteen rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: the treatment group (Shen-fu group) and the control group. The animals were induced the pulmonary contusion models. After 60min, the animals in Shen-fu group re-ceived Shen-fu injection received 5 ml/kg, and those in control group 5 ml/kg LRS. The animals were killed six hours later, the right lung tissue wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were obtained,the pro-tein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were also detec-ted. Results The lung tissue W/D, MPO, and the protein expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were decreased evi-dently in Shen-fu group (P<0. 01). The morphologic and ultrastructural damages in Shen-fu group were milder than in control group. Conclusion Shen-fu injection is effective on pulmonary contusion rabbits.     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者外周血和蜕膜Th1/Th2失衡的研究

目的研究妊娠期高血压疾病患者外周血和蜕膜组织中CD4 T辅助细胞(Th1)和(Th2)细胞免疫反应的变化,探讨Th1/Th2比率失衡在妊娠期高血压疾病发生中的作用。方法选取住院分娩的子痫前期(PE)患者25例(子痫前期组,包括轻度10例和重度15例),妊娠期高血压患者10例,同期住院分娩的正常孕妇12例和自愿参与实验的年龄匹配的健康未孕妇女12例作为对照组,治疗前抽取各组实验对象空腹肘静脉抗凝血0.5m l送流式检验Thl,Th2细胞百分比及Thl/Th2比率。三组孕妇均于剖宫产术胎盘娩出后,立即搔刮子宫腔取蜕膜制成单细胞悬液,分离离心收集淋巴细胞送流式检验Thl,Th2细胞百分比及Thl/Th2比率。结果①子痫前期组外周血Thl细胞百分比(16.18±3.93)%高于其它各组(P<0.01),PE患者Th1/Th2细胞比率(16.75±3.84)均高于其余各组(P<0.05)。②子痫前期组蜕膜组织中CD4 T细胞中Thl百分比(37.83±12.04)%显著高于其它各组(P<0.001),妊娠期高血压患者蜕膜组织中Thl细胞百分比(16.30±5.36)%也高于正常妊娠妇女(11.79±4.61)%(P<0.05)。PE患者Thl/Th2比率(26.70±9.40)显著高于其余各组(P<0.001),重度PE组(30.11±10.42)高于轻度PE组(21.59±4.25)(P<0.05);妊娠期高血压患者Th1/Th2比率(13.13±5.62)也高于正常妊娠妇女(7.61±4.63)(P<0.05)。结论子痫前期患者体内存在着免疫失衡现象。Thl/Th2细胞平衡向Thl漂移,Th2受抑制可能是妊娠期高血压疾病(包括子痫前期和妊娠期高血压)发生的重要原因。     

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)与Th1/Th2细胞因子的关系研究进展

目的对感染呼吸道合胞病毒产生的Th1、Th2型细胞因子种类及其对Th1/Th2型反应平衡的影响进行综述。方法在查阅国内外文献的基础上,介绍各种细胞因子在呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染中的作用、地位。结果与结论虽然到目前为止各种细胞因子在各实验中得出的结果,甚者是对于RSV感染更倾向于发生Th1型还是Th2型反应仍有争论,但Th1/Th2反应平衡在RSV治疗和开发防治药物方面仍具有重要意义。     

皮肌炎患者外周血CD4+Th1/Th2细胞因子及转录因子的表达

目的 探讨Th1/Th2细胞分化趋势在活动性皮肌炎(DM)发病机制中的作用.方法 分别采集15例活动性DM患者(DM组)和15例健康人(对照组)外周血,采用免疫磁珠分离获得CD4 T细胞(Th细胞),逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)检测两组Th1、Th2转录因子T-bet、GATA3及细胞因子γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)的表达强度.分析T-bet和IFNγ、GATA3和IL-4的相关性;IFN-γ、IL-4表达与血清肌酸激酶(CK)含量的相关性.结果 DM组IFN-γ、GATA3及II-4表达均明显高于对照组(P＜O.05);DM组IL-4与GATA3、血清CK呈正相关(P＜O.05).结论 DM患者Th1/Th2无明显极化现象,Th1/Th2细胞因子表达均增强.     

康艾注射液对人结直肠癌Lovo细胞Th1/Th2类细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨康艾注射液对人结直肠癌Lovo细胞Th1/Th2状态的影响.方法 常规培养Lovo细胞,待细胞处于指数增长期再分成4组:1组为空白对照,另外3组加入不同浓度的康艾注射液.培养72h后,采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别检测各组Lovo细胞培养上清中Th1类细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ)和Th2类细胞因子(IL-4,IL-10)的水平.结果 Lovo细胞与康艾注射液共培养后,上清液中Th2类细胞因子的含量较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05),而Th1类细胞因子在各组中的含量变化不大.结论康艾注射液可显著下调Lovo细胞Th2类细胞因子水平,具有促进其Th2向Th1逆转的倾向.     

CpG-ODN对哮喘小鼠Th1/Th2相关细胞因子表达的影响

目的：探讨CpG-ODN对哮喘小鼠Th1/Th2相关细胞因子的调节作用及气道炎症的抑制作用。方法：采用酶联免疫中附法（ELISA）分别检测CpG-ODN对哮喘小鼠抗原首次激发后24小时和抗末次激发后24小时血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中Th2细胞因子IL－4和Th1细胞因子IFNγ水平的影响，并与激素治疗组和哮喘组对照。结果：（1）抗原末次激发后24小时，CpG-ODN 血清及BALF中IFNγ水平高于哮喘组及地塞米松组（P＜0．001）。（2）抗原首次激发后24小时及抗原末次激发后24小时血清和BALF中IL－4水平低于哮喘组（P＜0．05），与地塞米松组比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。（3）抗原末次激发后24小时，CpG-ODN组外周血和BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞计数均低于哮喘组（P＜0．001）。结论：CpG-ODN不仅有具有与地塞米松相同的下调Th2细胞因子表达和抑制嗜酸性粒细胞的作用，而且还具有地塞米松所没有的诱导Th1细胞因子表达的作用。说明其可能通过调节Th1/Th2平衡而达到在早期抑制哮喘发病的目的。     

1型糖尿病外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平的研究

目的检测1型糖尿病患者外周血CD_4~+T细胞分泌细胞因子的水平变化,探讨患者Th1/Th2细胞因子的平衡状态及其在1型糖尿病中的作用。方法对49例1型糖尿病患者和30例健康时照组外周血用刺激物刺激细胞,增加细胞内细胞因子的表达,再加入荧光标记的特异性抗细胞因子单克隆抗体,特异性抗原抗体结合,以流式细胞仪分析特异性细胞因子表达水平。结果1型糖尿病患者Th1型细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)表达水平较正常对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)表达水平较正常时照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论1型糖尿病患者Th1/Th2平衡失调,Th1型反应模式处于优势状态,Th2型反应模式处于弱势状态。Th1/ Th2平衡向Th1方向漂移。     

环境真菌链格孢霉对小鼠Th1/Th2平衡及气道反应性的影响

目的 探讨环境真菌链格孢霉（Alt,Alternaria）对小鼠Th1/Th2平衡及气道反应性的影响.方法 通过将小鼠暴露于链格孢霉提取物建立小鼠模型,以鸡卵蛋白（OVA）为阳性对照,探索真菌链格孢霉对Th1/Th2平衡及哮喘特征性指标的影响.结果 与OVA相似,Alt暴露引起了气道炎症细胞总数（P＜0.01）、嗜酸性细胞数增加（P＜0.01）;诱导了气道敏化和Th2反应并引起肺部和支气管的病理学变化.Alt与OVA间存在协同作用.结论 实验结果表明,环境真菌可通过干扰气道Th1/Th2平衡继而导致炎症,最终引起哮喘的发生.     

宫颈鳞癌患者Th1/Th2平衡状态的研究

目的 观察宫颈鳞癌患者T细胞亚群的漂移状态.方法 采用ELISA法,对65例宫颈鳞癌患者和40例正常人群的血清中的IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10进行测定.结果 宫颈鳞癌患者血清中IL-2、IFN-γ水平较正常对照组明显降低(P＜0.01),宫颈鳞癌患者血清中IL-4、IL-10高于对照组,统计处理有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 宫颈鳞癌患者存在典型的Th2漂移现象,机体免疫抑制,导致肿瘤发生,同时为宫颈鳞癌的生物治疗提供靶点.     

变应性鼻炎患者血清Th1/Th2细胞因子水平变化及孟鲁司特的干预作用

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎患者血清Th1/Th2细胞因子水平的变化及孟鲁司特的干预作用.方法 选择变应性鼻炎患者40例（治疗组）予以孟鲁司特片10 mg口服,1次/d,连用8周.观察患者治疗前后外周血中γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和白介素-4（IL-4）水平的变化,并进行临床疗效及安全性的观察.另选择同期体检的正常健康者30例作为对照组.结果 治疗组患者治疗前培养上清中IFN-γ水平[（8.74±1.37） ng/mL]明显低于对照组[（15.13 ±3.16） ng/mL],IL-4水平[（1.64±0.47）ng/mL]明显高于对照组[（0.72±0.21） ng/mL]（t=2.93、3.52,均P＜0.01）.治疗8周后,患者培养上清中IFN-γ水平[（12.36±2.56） ng/mL]均较治疗前[（8.74±1.37） ng/mL]明显上升,IL-4水平[（1.21±0.28） ng/mL]均较治疗前[（1.64±0.47） ng/mL]明显下降（t=2.36、2.31,均P＜0.05）;且治疗组治疗8周后,临床总有效率92.5％ （37/40）,治疗期间未发生严重的药物不良反应.结论 变应性鼻炎患者存在外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的失衡.孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效确切,安全性较好,作用机制与其能降低外周血IL-4水平,提高外周血IFN-γ水平,纠正Th1/Th2细胞因子的平衡紊乱,使免疫反应由Th2型向Th1型转变密切相关.