彩超与钼靶对乳腺导管内癌诊断的对比研究

目的 探讨彩超（CDUS）与数字化钼靶摄影（钼靶）对乳腺导管内癌（DCIS）的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析73例患者79个病灶经病理确诊的DCIS术前CDUS及钼靶的影像资料,比较两者单独及联合诊断DCIS的价值。结果 经病理证实79个病灶中48个为DCIS。CDUS及钼靶诊断DCIS的敏感度分别为66.67%（32/48）和70.83%（34/48）,两者间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,特异性分别为90.32%和80.65%,阳性预测值分别为91.43%和85.00%,阴性预测值分别为63.64%和64.10%;两者联合诊断的敏感度为95.83%（46/48）,分别与其中一种诊断方法比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CDUS对DCIS病灶内部结构及周边导管结构紊乱检出优于钼靶,而钼靶能够较敏感地显示DCIS病灶内的微小钙化。两者联合可提高诊断DCIS的准确率。     

超声及钼靶X线对乳腺导管内癌与乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨乳腺导管内癌（ductal caicinoma in situ,DCIS）与乳腺浸润性导管癌（invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC）的超声及钼靶X线影像特征差异。方法:回顾性分析160例患者（包括62例DCIS患者及98例IDC患者）的超声及钼靶X线资料。结果:161个乳腺病灶中,有62个DCIS病灶（DCIS组）及99个IDC病灶（IDC组）。超声对IDC组病灶的检出率明显高于DCIS组,两组间的检出率有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组间病灶超声表现中形状、边界、边缘特征及血流信号差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。钼靶X线在两组病灶检出率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组间病灶钼靶X线表现形状及边缘特征的例数差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对于DCIS组,超声及钼靶X线病灶的检出率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在病灶边缘及乳腺腺体内钙化检出率这些方面,两种方法有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:乳腺钼靶X线对DCIS腺体内钙化灶诊断率较高,乳腺超声对DCIS病灶检出、病灶边缘特征显示具有诊断优势。     

全数字化乳腺钼靶单独与联合磁共振诊断乳腺导管原位癌的准确度和成本效益分析

目的:比较全数字化乳腺钼靶单独与联合磁共振诊断乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）的准确度和成本效益,为DCIS早期筛查方案的选择提供参考依据。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年8月至2018年8月经病理检查确诊的84例DCIS患者的临床资料,整理其术前全数字化乳腺钼靶、磁共振成像（MRI）表现,分析钼靶、MRI及钼靶联合MRI诊断DCIS的准确度;以成本/准确率计算三种模式诊断DCIS的正确检出费用,即成本效益。结果:全数字化乳腺钼靶X线、MRI单独诊断DCIS的准确率分别为77.38%、85.71%,二者联合诊断DCIS的准确率为91.67%（77/84）,联合诊断的准确率高于单独诊断（P<0.05）,MRI单独诊断DCIS的准确率与全数字化乳腺钼靶X线单独诊断比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。全数字化乳腺钼靶X线诊断DCIS的成本效益比最低,其次为MRI,联合诊断的成本效益比最高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:对于多数疑似DCIS患者而言,全数字化钼靶X线检查即可满足临床早期诊断需求,高危患者可考虑联合MRI检查。     

X线摄影、三维断层摄影和磁共振对乳腺导管原位癌的诊断价值比较

目的评估全数字化乳腺X线摄影(FFDM)、三维断层摄影(DBT)和磁共振成像(MRI)对乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2018年12月江苏省肿瘤医院行乳腺手术的DCIS患者42例,共43个病灶,术前均行FFDM、DBT和MRI检查,分析其影像学特征,比较这三种方法诊断DCIS的敏感度、特异度和准确度。结果 MRI对DCIS的诊断敏感度为90.7%(39/43),主要表现为非肿块样强化;FFDM和DBT对DCIS的敏感度分别是81.4%(34/43)和60.5%(26/43),主要表现为钙化,伴或不伴肿块。MRI、DBT、FFDM诊断DCIS的特异度分别为92.0%、85.4%、77.4%;准确度分别为91.8%、84.7%、75.5%。MRI诊断DCIS的敏感度较FFDM更高(χ~2=10.65,P0.05),MRI和DBT的诊断准确度均较FFDM更高(χ~2=7.18、9.28,P0.05)。结论 MRI、DBT和FFDM均能诊断DCIS,但MRI能更好地诊断DCIS。     

乳腺鳞状细胞癌的多模态影像学特征及其与腋窝淋巴结转移相关性

[目的]探究乳腺鳞状细胞癌病灶的超声、磁共振、X线钼靶的影像学特征及其与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性。[方法]回顾性分析2007年11月至2021年5月期间的术后病理或粗针穿刺诊断乳腺鳞状细胞癌38例患者的超声、磁共振、X线影像学资料、临床资料及术后的病理资料。[结果]乳腺鳞状细胞癌38例,腋窝淋巴结未转移共24例(63.16%)。乳腺鳞状细胞癌病灶的超声表现主要为形状不规则(81.58%,31/38)、边界不清(65.79%,25/38)和低回声为主(60.53%,23/38)。MRI特征主要包括形状不规则(68.18%,15/22)、边界不清(68.18%,15/22)、增强模式以不均质增强为主(81.82%,18/22),TIC曲线以Ⅱ型为主(72.73%,16/22)。肿块型病灶的X线影像学特征主要表现为形状不规则(77.78%,21/27)、边界不清(70.37%,19/27)和高密度(66.67%,18/27)。乳腺X线表现可见钙化者占82.14%(23/28)。相对于腋窝淋巴结转移组,腋窝淋巴结未转移组的磁共振影像表现多为不均质强化(P=0.046),腋窝淋巴结未转移组更容易出现钙化的超声表现(P=0.015)。[结论]乳腺鳞状细胞癌的影像学特征大多表现为边界不清的不规则肿块,腋窝淋巴结转移与特定影像学特征存在一定相关性。     

乳腺癌的影像学表现与诊断

目的：探讨影像学对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法：搜集经钼靶X线，CT，超声，MRI等影像学检查、手术或穿刺病理证实的乳腺癌56例进行回顾性分析。结果：56例乳腺癌中，单发病灶40例，多发病灶16例。X线和CT多表现为不规则肿块（34／46例），伴有毛刺32例，与导管形态一致的密集钙化30例。CT对肿块或结节的边缘毛刺，尖角状或触须状突起及邻近皮肤局限增厚或凹陷，脂肪间隙与胸肌受侵，腋窝淋巴结肿大等恶性征象的显示比钼靶更清晰，彩超能初步筛查有无乳腺包块存在，并能根据乳腺肿块的形态特点、内部回声及血流情况判断乳腺肿快的性质，磁共振不但可以显示肿瘤的部位大小和边缘及腋窝淋巴结肿大，皮肤和胸壁侵犯。还可显示肿瘤内部的坏死（52／56例）和多中心病灶（16／56例）。结论：MRI动态增强扫描对乳腺癌的判定有重要意义；多种影像结合及影像与临床结合对乳腺癌的诊断有较大帮助。     

乳腺导管内癌的X线表现及临床价值

总结分析经病理证实的 40例导管内癌 (ductalcarcinomainsitu ,DCIS)的钼靶X线表现。 40例中按BI RADS分级 ,0～ 3级 10例 ,4级 19例 ,5级 11例。其中恶性钙化有 2 8例 ,明显软组织块影 11例 ,导管增粗 7例 ,结构扭曲或特殊征相 3例 ,阴性 6例。回顾分折结果提示 ,钼靶X线是诊断DCIS的主要手段。重视钼靶X线检查特别是对钙化灶仔细分析有助于提高DCIS的诊断水平。     

乳腺导管内癌的X线表现及临床价值

总结分析经病理证实的40例导管内癌(ductal carcinoma in situ，DCIS)的钼靶X线表现。40例中按BI-RADS分级，0～3级10例，4级19例，5级11例。其中恶性钙化有28例，明显软组织块影11例，导管增粗7例，结构扭曲或特殊征相3例，阴性6例。回顾分析结果提示，钼靶X线是诊断DCIS的主要手段。重视钼靶X线检查特别是对钙化灶仔细分析有助于提高DCIS的诊断水平。     

乳腺导管内癌超声声像图特征和临床病理的相关性研究

目的:回顾性分析乳腺导管内癌常见超声表现,探讨导管内癌超声图像特征和临床病理的相关性.方法:回顾性分析59例乳腺导管内癌(其中21例伴微浸润)超声检查结果,总结导管内癌常见超声声像图特征.根据病灶超声声像图特征,将全部病例分为超声肿块型和超声非肿块型2大类,研究这两类图像特征与患者钼靶、病理分级及ER、PR、CerbB-2 、P53、bcl-2表达的相关性.结果:59例导管内癌(DCIS)超声声像图表现多样,31例(52.5%)为肿块型,28例为非肿块型包括:11例(18.6%)导管扩张型,5例(8.5%)微小结节型,4例(6.8%)片状低弱回声型,2例(3.4%)仅见钙化而无其他图像改变,6例(10.2%)超声未见异常.超声肿块型DCIS通常钼靶也多表现为肿块影(67.7%), 超声非肿块型DCIS钼靶上以钙化为主要表现 (64.3%),组间分布有统计学差异(P<0.01).超声肿块型组中,高级别DCIS较少,占38.7%, ER、PR阳性率较高,为83.9%和77.4%;超声非肿块型组中,高级别DCIS较多,占67.9%(P=0.02),ER、PR阳性率较低,为53.6% (P=0.01)和46.4% (P=0.01),组间分布均有统计学差异.结论:超声非肿块组DCIS高级别比例和激素受体阴性表达明显高于超声肿块组.DCIS非肿块的超声声像图特征提示肿瘤高级别和激素受体阴性可能性大,间接预示肿瘤分化差、侵袭性强.超声非肿块型可能是DCIS预后不良的指标.     

乳腺导管内原位癌的超声表现分析

 目的　分析乳腺导管内原位癌的超声表现特点。方法　对12例经病理证实的乳腺导管内原位癌的超声表现进行回顾分析。结果　乳腺导管内癌在超声上主要表现为实性结节型、乳腺结构不良型、囊实性肿块型、导管扩张型。9例患者超声检查乳腺内见结节,结节纵横比大,边界不清,钙化发生率高。3例未见具体占位,其中2例局部腺体紊乱回声减低,超声诊断符合率50.0 %。钼靶检查8例可见钙化,诊断符合率66.7 %。结论　虽然乳腺导管内原位癌超声表现不典型,但在结节形态、纵横比、边界、微小钙化点等超声表现上有一定特点,结合钼靶检查结果,有助于提高诊断率。     

MRI鉴别乳腺导管原位癌与其他导管内病变的价值

背景与目的：乳腺导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)属于乳腺浸润性癌的前驱病变,是一类非全身性的导管内局部病变,与其他导管内病变在影像上存在相似之处。本研究旨在探讨乳腺MRI鉴别诊断DCIS与其他乳腺导管内病变的价值。方法：回顾性分析2011年7月—2012年2月于复旦大学附属肿瘤医院行乳腺MRI检查并经手术病理证实的DCIS患者24例、DCIS伴微浸润(breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion,DCIS-MI)9例、乳腺导管内乳头状瘤(breast intraductal papilloma,BIDP)20例临床资料。以DCIS为研究主体,分析3种病变MRI及动态增强表现。结果：DCIS与DCIS-MI的病灶强化形态、强化方式、时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)、病灶伪彩图像间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而DCIS与BIDP的病灶强化形态、强化方式、TIC、病灶伪彩图像间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。DCIS以导管样(8/24)及段样强化(6/24)为主、病灶伪彩图像为红色(22/24)、TIC以Ⅲ型(12/24)为主要特征性表现;BIDP以乳头后局灶性强化为主(13/20)、病灶伪彩图像为非红色(14/20)、TIC以Ⅱ型(11/20)为主要特征性表现。结论：MRI较难鉴别DCIS与DCIS-MI,但具有鉴别诊断DCIS与BIDP的价值。     

Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging in early breast cancer

BACKGROUND:

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) of patients with early breast cancer is being investigated on a multi‐institutional protocol National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B‐39/RTOG 0413. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than mammography (MG) and may aid in selection of patients appropriate for PBI.

METHODS:

Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) routinely undergo contrast‐enhanced, bilateral breast MRI at the Cleveland Clinic. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all early‐stage breast cancer patients who had a breast MRI, MG, and surgical pathology data at our institution between June of 2005 and December of 2006. Any suspicious lesions identified on MRI were further evaluated by targeted ultrasound ± biopsy.

RESULTS:

A total of 260 patients met eligibility criteria for NSABP B‐39/RTOG 0413 by MG, physical exam, and surgical pathology. The median age was 57 years. DCIS was present in 63 patients, and invasive breast cancer was found in 197 patients. MRI identified suspicious lesions in 35 ipsilateral breasts (13%) and in 16 contralateral breasts (6%). Mammographically occult, synchronous ipsilateral foci were found by MRI in 11 patients (4.2%), and in the contralateral breast in 4 patients (1.5%). By univariate analysis, lobular histology (infiltrating lobular carcinoma [ILC]), pathologic T2, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II were significantly associated with additional ipsilateral disease. Of patients with ILC histology, 18% had ipsilateral secondary cancers or DCIS, compared with 3% in the remainder of histologic subtypes (P = .004). No patient older than 70 years had synchronous cancers or DCIS detected by MRI.

CONCLUSIONS:

Breast MRI identified synchronous mammographically occult foci in 5.8% of early breast cancer patients who would otherwise be candidates for APBI. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

乳腺导管内癌及导管内癌伴微浸润的临床、病理及超声特征对比研究

目的探讨乳腺导管内癌(DCIS)以及导管内癌伴微浸润(DCIS MI)的临床、病理及超声特点。方法选取2016年1月至2018年11月江苏省人民医院经手术病理证实为导管内癌的病灶103个及导管内癌伴微浸润的病灶73个,两者超声表现均为肿块型,回顾性分析比较两者的临床、病理及超声特点。结果两组患者的首发临床症状、肿块大小比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<005),前哨淋巴结转移两者差异无统计学意义(P>005);两者在病理组织分级、病理分子分型、ER、HER 2以及Ki 67上差异具有统计学意义(P<005);两者在超声图像上的形态、边缘、内部回声、钙化以及血流分级上差异具有统计学意义(P<005)。DCIS MI与DCIS相比,肿块大小以≥25 cm为主,超声图像上更多表现为形态不规则,边缘不光整,内部回声不均匀,內伴钙化,病灶内血流丰富,具有部分浸润性癌的特征;病理分子分型以Luminal B型及HER 2过表达型为主,组织分级以高级别为主。结论DCIS与DCIS MI之间有不同的临床表现,病理特征以及超声声像图特点,在临床诊断上可以提供更多信息与依据。     

p65、β-catenin表达在乳腺癌发生、发展中的相关性分析

目的探讨p65、β-catenin表达在乳腺癌发生、发展中的相关性。方法采用免疫组化Envision法检测p65及β-catenin在不同病理阶段的乳腺组织中的表达状况。乳腺囊性增生病27例,导管内乳头状瘤25例,导管上皮异型增生26例,导管内癌（或伴早期浸润）29例,浸润性导管癌58例。结果p65和β-catenin在乳腺导管内乳头状瘤、囊性增生病、囊性增生病伴异型、导管内癌（或伴早期浸润）和浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率分别为8.0%、11.1%、42.3%、31.0%、48.3%和4.0%、3.7%、23.1%、72.4%、79.3%。两者在良性增生性疾病阶段无明显相关性（P〉0.05）,在囊性增生病伴异型、乳腺导管癌阶段呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论p65、β-catenin表达在乳腺增生性疾病无明显相关性,而在囊性增生病伴异型和乳腺癌中呈正相关。     

The role of contrast-enhanced high resolution MRI in the surgical planning of breast cancer

The role of contrast-enhanced high resolution MRI for planning surgery in breast cancer was evaluated. Of 72 patients examined, 57 patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 2 had mucinous carcinoma, 1 had medullary carcinoma, 7 had invasive lobular carcinoma, 2 had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 3 had Paget’s disease. A 1.5 T Signa imager (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) was used with a dedicated breast coil. The pulse sequence based on RARE (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement) was used with a fat suppression technique. After examining both breasts, the affected breast alone was examined with Gd enhancement. Linear and/or spotty enhancement on MRI was considered to suggest DCIS or intraductal spread in the area surrounding the invasive cancer. Of 72 patients, 50 showed linear and/or spotty enhancement on MRI and 41 of those 50 patients had DCIS or intraductal spread. In contrast, 22 of 72 patients were considered to have little or no intraductal spread on MRI and 17 of the 22 patients had no or little intraductal spread on pathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting intraductal spread on MRI were 89%, 82% and 81%, respectively. Discrepancies in the estimated extent of intraductal spread were less than 2 cm in 90% of the patients according to pathological mapping. High resolution MRI was considered useful in detecting intraductal spread and in estimating its extent, however, larger study using precise correlation with pathology is necessary.     

Assessment of false-negative cases of breast MR imaging in women with a familial or genetic predisposition

In order to assess the characteristics of malignant breast lesions those were not detected during screening by MR imaging. In the Dutch MRI screening study (MRISC), a non-randomized prospective multicenter study, women with high familial risk or a genetic predisposition for breast cancer were screened once a year by mammography and MRI and every 6 months with a clinical breast examination (CBE). The false-negative MR examinations were subject of this study and were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced radiologists. From November 1999 until March 2006, 2,157 women were eligible for study analyses. Ninety-seven malignant breast tumors were detected, including 19 DCIS (20%). In 22 patients with a malignant lesion, the MRI was assessed as BI-RADS 1 or 2. One patient was excluded because the examinations were not available for review. Forty-three percent (9/21) of the false-negative MR cases concerned pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or DCIS with invasive foci, in eight of them no enhancement was seen at the review. In six patients the features of malignancy were missed or misinterpreted. Small lesion size (n = 3), extensive diffuse contrast enhancement of the breast parenchyma (n = 2), and a technically inadequate examination (n = 1) were other causes of the missed diagnosis. A major part of the false-negative MR diagnoses concerned non-enhancing DCIS, underlining the necessity of screening not only with MRI but also with mammography. Improvement of MRI scanning protocols may increase the detection rate of DCIS. The missed and misinterpreted cases are reflecting the learning curve of a multicenter study.     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Breast Biopsy in Korea: A 10-Year Follow-Up Experience

PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided breast biopsy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 111 consecutive patients referred for MRI-guided breast biopsy after mammography and breast ultrasound between May 2009 and April 2019. After excluding 37 patients without follow-up images (> 2 years), 74 patients (74 lesions) were finally included. We reviewed the histologic results of MRI-guided biopsy and subsequent surgery, post-biopsy management, and breast cancer development during follow-up. We investigated the false-negative rate, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimation, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) underestimation rate, and technical failure rate of MRI-guided biopsy.ResultsAmong 74 scheduled MRI-guided biopsies, six were canceled because biopsy was deemed unnecessary, while three failed due to technical difficulties (technical failure rate: 3/68, 4.4%). MRI-guided biopsy was performed in 65 patients, of which 18 patients were diagnosed with malignant lesions, 46 with benign lesions, and one with ADH bordering on DCIS. Subsequent surgery (n = 27) showed DCIS underestimation in three cases (3/7, 43%), ADH underestimation in two cases (1/2, 50%), as well as seven concordant benign and 11 concordant malignant lesions. The overall false-negative rate was 4.3% (2/46). Thirty-eight out of 48 benign lesions were followed-up (median period, 5.8 years; interquartile range, 4.1 years) without subsequent surgery. Thirty-seven concordant benign lesions were stable (n = 27) or disappeared (n = 10); however, the size of one discordant benign lesion increased on follow-up MRI and it was diagnosed as DCIS after 1 year.ConclusionMRI-guided biopsy is an accurate method for exclusion of malignancy with a very low false-negative rate.