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1.
B.N. Anyanwu F.C. Nwanebu U.M. Uchegbu J.N. Ugwuegbulam 《International journal of environmental health research》1996,6(2):153-158
Medical records of two health institutions in Owerri ‐ Owerri General Hospital and Avigram Medical Diagnostic and Research Laboratories ‐ were examined between 1990 and 1993 to determine the extend and types of sexually transmitted diseases in Owerri. Sexually transmitted diseases recorded in both centers were trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gonorrhoea, and syphilis. The cases of confirmed STD at the General Hospital Owerri nearly doubled from 77 in 1990 to 144 in 1993. For the Avigram Medical Laboratories the figures almost tripled 134 and 367 for 1990 and 1993 respectively. Data analysis of the cases confirmed at the Owerri General Hospital and Avigram Medical Laboratories gave no significant difference between the two institutions at the 95% level of confidence. 相似文献
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Kenneth J. Smith MD MS Robert L. Cook MD MPH Mark S. Roberts MD MPP 《Value in health》2007,10(5):358-366
OBJECTIVES: To prevent pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), some experts recommend screening for sexually transmitted infection (STI) every 12 months, with more frequent screening suggested in higher-risk women. Nevertheless, the time from STI acquisition to PID development, possibly an important factor to consider in screening interval choice, is unknown and its influence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening is unclear. METHODS: Using a Markov model, we estimated PID cases averted and the incremental cost-effectiveness resulting from 6- or 12-month screening strategies for high-risk young women (6%/year infection risk, 2.8%/year PID risk with 12-month screening) while varying PID development time from 1 to 12 months after initial infection. Lower-risk women and alternative parameter values were examined in sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Relative to 12-month screening, 6-month screening decreases PID cases from 6.0% (1 month development time)to 19.4% (12 months); the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained compared with the other strategies varies from $16,600 (12 months development time) to $31,800 (1 month) for high-risk women. In lower-risk women, every 6-month screening is more economically unfavorable, with greater costs per QALY gained at shorter PID development time. CONCLUSION: From a cost-effectiveness standpoint, uncertainty about PID development time is not a significant factor in choosing a screening interval in high-risk women, but could be important in lower-risk groups. Significant increases in PID cases averted occur with more frequent screening when PID development time is lengthened, which may allow estimation of this interval through the use of more sophisticated modeling techniques. 相似文献
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Sexually active older Australian's knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and safer sexual practices 下载免费PDF全文
Anthony Lyons Wendy Heywood Bianca Fileborn Victor Minichiello Catherine Barrett Graham Brown Sharron Hinchliff Sue Malta Pauline Crameri 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》2017,41(3):259-261
Objective: Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are rising among older Australians. We conducted a large survey of older people's knowledge of STIs and safer sexual practices. Methods: A total of 2,137 Australians aged 60 years and older completed the survey, which included 15 questions assessing knowledge of STIs and safer sexual practices. We examined both levels of knowledge and factors associated with an overall knowledge score. Results: In total, 1,652 respondents reported having sex in the past five years and answered all knowledge questions. This group had good general knowledge but poorer knowledge in areas such as the protection offered by condoms and potential transmission modes for specific STIs. Women had better knowledge than men. Men in their 60s, men with higher education levels, and men who thought they were at risk of STIs reported better knowledge than other men. Knowledge was also better among men and women who had been tested for STIs or reported ‘other’ sources of knowledge on STIs. Conclusions: Many older Australians lack knowledge of STIs and safer sexual practices. Implications for public health: To reverse current trends toward increasing STI diagnoses in this population, policies and education campaigns aimed at improving knowledge levels may need to be considered. 相似文献
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目的 了解重庆市性病发病趋势和流行特点,为开展性病防治工作提供科学依据。方法 通过中国家疾病预防控制信息系统,收集并分析重庆市2007-2014年性病资料。结果 2007-2014年重庆市性病发病总体呈增长趋势,由2007年的12 686例(报告发病率为45.18/10万)增至2014年的19 137例(报告发病率为64.45/10万),年均增长5.21%。5种性病中梅毒所占构成比为55.99%,梅毒发病例数为72 486例,梅毒年报告发病率为31.46/10万。重庆市性病发病较高的地区为市区,报告发病率居前3位的地区均高于110/10万。全市性病报告发病率较低的地区集中于渝东南和渝东北地区,除武隆县外其报告发病率均低于50/10万。性病病例中男性报告病例数为64 673例,报告发病率为54.91/10万;女性报告病例数为64791例,报告发病率为57.53/10万。20~45岁组的性活跃人群报告病例数为81 731例,占全部性病病例数的63.13%。≥60岁组报告病例数及构成比均逐年上升。职业以农民、家务及待业居多,2者共占48.62%。结论 重庆市性病流行呈低流行状态,性病发病率持续缓慢增长。性病报告病例数地区差异较大,市区高于郊区,经济发达地区高于经济落后地区。≥60岁组发病数和构成比均逐年增加。 相似文献
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目的 了解武汉市性病疫情的特征及流行趋势,有针对性的提出防控措施。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的2008-2016年武汉市淋病、梅毒、尖锐湿疣、生殖器疱疹和生殖道沙眼衣原体感染等5种性传播疾病疫情数据,对5种性传播疾病流行特征与趋势进行分析。结果 2008-2016年间,武汉市共报告发病32 371例,年均3 567例。报告发病率从2008年的43.81/10万下降至2016年的30.42/10万(P=0.041 5)。其中梅毒报告发病率从2008年15.37/10万下降至2016年6.49/10万(P=0.0278)。淋病报告发病率从2008年13.84/10万下降至2016的7.36/10万(P=0.010 2)。尖锐湿疣报告发病率从2008年9.11/10万上升至2016年13.02/10万(P=0.436 8)。生殖器疱疹报告发病率从2008年2.37/10万下降至2016年2.09/10万(P=0.559 1)。生殖道沙眼衣原体感染报告发病率从2008年3.12/10万下降至2016年1.47/10万(P=0.126 1)。性病报告病例男性多于女性;主要集中在20~40岁中青年性活跃人群,但50岁以上人群占比由2008年的20.98%上升至2016年的30.82%,趋势检验显示差异有统计学意义(P<0.000 1);以家务及待业为主(22.74%);主要是本市户籍(76.17%)。男女比例总体在1.50:1上下波动,从2008年的2.00:1逐年下降,至2013年降到最低的1.26:1,然后又逐年上升至2016年的1.62:1(P<0.000 1),50岁以上人群占比由2008年的20.98%上升至2016年的30.82%(P<0.000 1),外省户籍占比上升,由2008年2.58%上升至2016年7.03%(P<0.000 1)。结论 要重点加强梅毒、中青年和50岁以上人群及流动人口的性病防控工作。加大力度开展健康教育,转介性病病人去具备规范化诊疗资质的医疗机构进行治疗,医防结合控制性病疫情发展。 相似文献
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目的 了解珠海市性病流行特征及趋势,为制定性病防治对策提供参考依据。 方法 对2014—2018年珠海市淋病、梅毒、尖锐湿疣、生殖器疱疹、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染5种监测性病病例报告资料进行流行病学统计分析。 结果 性病报告发病率由2014年的276.70/10万上升到2018年的331.54/10万,年均增幅为4.62%,其中淋病、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染上升明显,梅毒先升后降。城区街道发病率为455.49/10万,以拱北街道最高;郊区乡镇为180.00/10万,以井岸镇最高,城郊之间发病率差异有统计学意义。男女性病报告发病率总体均呈上升趋势,男女性别比为1.16∶1,其中淋病性别比为12.60∶1,生殖道沙眼衣原体感染为0.51∶1。20~39岁为高发年龄段(503.23/10万),50~59岁年均增幅最大(9.08%),梅毒50岁以上人群发病率高于梅毒其他年龄段及其他性病同年龄段发病率。职业以家务及待业最多(28.98%)。 结论 2014—2018年珠海市性病疫情总体呈上升态势,疫情具有明显的地区聚集性,以城区街道为主,应根据性病疫情发展特征采取相应防控政策。 相似文献
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目的分析深圳市宝安区性病流行规律和变迁,为制定该区性病防治对策提供依据。方法对该区1990—2002年疫情汇编和统计局历年人口年鉴进行回顾性调查,并作描述性研究分析。结果在13年中,性病发病率呈2个峰值,分别为1991年的高峰(发病率为222.45/10万)和1999年的小高峰(发病率为164.99/10万)。发病年龄主要集中在20--35岁,以工人为主。结论1990—2002年该区性病发病率呈递减波动性变化,应继续加强当前有效的防治措施,确保发病率继续下降,防止下一波峰的出现。 相似文献
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Dennis L. Peck Ph.D. 《Archives of sexual behavior》1986,15(2):139-152
Creating public awareness of the new wave of sexually transmitted diseases masks the fact that gonorrhea continues to be the major communicable infection related to sexual activity. This report evaluates public health models that focus on the carriers of gonorrhea. Data pertaining to patients who were examined and treated at a public health clinic are discussed in light of the prevailing models of populations at risk to sexually transmitted diseases. 相似文献
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Longitudinal prediction of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents: results from a national survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: Although adolescent use of condoms has been increasing, incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among young people remains high. To identify adolescent behavioral risk factors for acquiring STDs, this study assessed adolescent self-reports of acquired chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis within 1 year after a baseline interview. METHODS: We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health for this study. Data were collected in the homes of survey respondents, using audio-computer-assisted self-interview (audio-CASI) technology and interviews. Participants were enrolled in grades 7-11 from 134 U.S. schools. A cohort of 4593 sexually experienced adolescents was followed for 1 year. We conducted separate analyses for both genders. RESULTS: About 3.1% of the male adolescents and nearly 4.7% of the female adolescents reported having had at least one STD after the baseline interview. For both genders, self-reported STD infection before baseline interview was the best predictor of self-reported STD infection 1 year after baseline interview. Female adolescents were more likely to report diagnosis with an STD after baseline if they self-identified as a minority race (other than Asian) and perceived that their mother did not disapprove of their having sex. Female adolescents were less likely to report STDs if they perceived that adults care about them. No additional variables predicted STD diagnosis after baseline for male adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that past history of STD infection is the most important indicator of subsequent STD infection among adolescents. Thus, this study suggests the benefit of specific clinical efforts designed to promote preventive behavior among adolescents newly diagnosed with an STD. 相似文献
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目的研究珠海市性病的流行规律,为制定性病预防控制措施提供科学的依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,在珠海市的7个行政区抽取4个区(镇) 2005-2012年的疫情上报资料进行统计分析。结果2005-2012年间共上报性病病例3 566例次,年均发病率为116.64/10万。性病发病率逐年上升,2005-2012年分别为14.63/10万、19.64/10万、16.89/10万、78.03/10万、56.91/10万、160.27/10万、232.99/10万、245.63/10万。梅毒、艾滋病、淋病、生殖器疱疹、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染和尖锐湿疣的发病率分别为15.90/10万、2.00/10万、17.83/10万、16.58/10万、37.09/10万和27.25/10万。报告病例主要集中在20~39岁人群,约占80%。>60岁人群梅毒发病率(25.92/10万)高于该病在20~39岁性活跃人群的发病率(19.06/10万);15~19岁年龄组尖锐湿疣发病率(32.82/10万)高于该病年均发病率(27.25/10万);家务及待业者患性病人数有增多趋势。结论该市性病发病率有升高趋势,某些性病上升幅度较大,且普通人群发病有增多趋势,提示性病防治工作应深入到各类人群,尤其是社区和学校。 相似文献
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《Public Health Forum》2014,22(3):7.e1-7.e3
Despite the fact that they are largely preventable and curable, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a major global public health problem disproportionally affecting young persons aged 15-25 years. Several STIs can occur without, or only with mild and passing symptoms over long periods of time, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, and also increasing the chance of the infections being passed on during unprotected sexual intercourse. According to reports, many adolescents get information on STIs such as chlamydia and human papillomavirus only after getting infected. 相似文献
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目的了解深圳市收容教育所收容人员性传播疾病感染情况。方法对2004年深圳市某收容教育所1329名学员进行问卷调查、身体检查和性传播疾病实验室检测。收集相关资料进行流行病学分析。结果1329名收容人员,检出性传播疾病249例,感染率为18.7%。女学员性病检出率明显高于男学员;文化程度越高,性病检出率越低;反之,文化程度越低,性病检出率越高。结论收容教育所收容人员中存在性传播疾病的传染源,加强对收容人员的性病流行病学监测是预防和控制性病流行的有效措施之一。 相似文献
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目的分析2013-2018年绵阳市60岁及以上老年人群性传播疾病的流行特征,为制定科学的防治措施提供依据。方法资料来源于《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》,选取现住址为绵阳市,年龄≥60岁,病例分类为确诊病例和临床诊断病例,排除凝似病例,运用描述流行病学进行统计分析。结果2013-2018年绵阳市60岁及以上老年人群性病共报告2406例,年均发病率为43.92/10万,报告发病数逐年升高,差异有统计学意义(χ^2趋势=140.367,P<0.05),男性发病高于女性,男女性别比为1.55∶1,高发年龄段为60~70岁,主要发病人群为农民,报告的老年性病中,主要病种为梅毒和尖锐湿疣,其中梅毒的报告数逐年升高,差异有统计学意义(χ^2趋势=97.734,P<0.05)。结论绵阳市老年人群性病的防控形势不容乐观,需要全社会参与,多部门协作,才能有效防控。 相似文献
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目的:了解本地区性病病原体的感染情况。方法:对金山医院性病门诊1289例患者的相关临床资料进行统计,并做流行病学分析。结果:1289例患者中,淋病582例,占45.15%;非淋菌性尿道炎753例,占58.42%,尖锐湿疣170例,占13.19%;梅毒8例,占0.62%。结论:非淋菌性尿道炎发病率最高,男女患者病原体感染差异显著,男性以淋病奈瑟菌为主,而女性则以沙眼衣原体为多,在临床诊治时应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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Kirkcaldy RD Augostini P Asbel LE Bernstein KT Kerani RP Mettenbrink CJ Pathela P Schwebke JR Secor WE Workowski KA Davis D Braxton J Weinstock HS 《Emerging infectious diseases》2012,18(6):939-943
Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole and tinidazole) are the only recommended drugs for treating Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and previous samples that assessed resistance of such isolates have been limited in geographic scope. We assessed the prevalence of in vitro aerobic metronidazole and tinidazole resistance among T. vaginalis isolates from multiple geographic sites in the United States. Swab specimens were obtained from women who underwent routine pelvic examinations at sexually transmitted disease clinics in 6 US cities. Cultured T. vaginalis isolates were tested for nitroimidazole resistance (aerobic minimum lethal concentration [MLC] >50 μg/mL). Of 538 T. vaginalis isolates, 23 (4.3%) exhibited low-level in vitro metronidazole resistance (minimum lethal concentrations 50-100 μg/mL). No isolates exhibited moderate- to high-level metronidazole resistance or tinidazole resistance. Results highlight the possibility that reliance on a single class of antimicrobial drugs for treating T. vaginalis infections may heighten vulnerability to emergence of resistance. Thus, novel treatment options are needed. 相似文献
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目的 研究扬州市男性性传播疾病(STD)患者支原体、衣原体、淋病奈瑟菌及阴道加特纳菌的感染情况。方法 收集男性STD患者病灶拭子标本进行解脲脲原体(Uu)、人型支原体(Mh)、肺炎支原体(Mpn)、生殖支原体(Mg)、发酵支原体(Mf)、穿通支原体(Mpe)、梨支原体(Mpi)、沙眼衣原体(Ct)、肺炎衣原体(Cpn)、鹦鹉热衣原体(Cps)、淋病奈瑟菌(Ng)和阴道加特纳菌(GV)等12种病原体作巢式聚合酶链反应(nPCR)检测,并对Ng阳性者进行了产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌(PPNG)检测。结果 Un、Mh、Mpn和Mg 4种支原体阳性率分别为64.5%、27.6%、26.3%、18.4%,Mf和Mpe为2.6%,Mpi未检出;Ct为31.6%,Cpn和Cps无阳性病例检出;Ng为36.8%,其中PPNG占14.3%;GV阳性率为15.8%。淋球菌阳性的男性STD者与淋球菌阴性者中支原体核酸检出率差异有显著性(X~2=3.848,P<0.05)。结论 扬州市男性STD患者支原体、衣原体、淋病奈瑟菌、阴道加特纳菌感染率较高。在临床诊疗中应重视淋球菌、衣原体、支原体和阴道加特纳菌的检测,使患者能获得正确诊断与合理治疗。 相似文献
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目的 知晓三亚市性病发病情况和流行特点,为相应调整现有的性病防治方案提供参考依据。方法 通过疾病监测信息报告管理系统对三亚市2012-2016年各个医疗机构上报的性病病例,进行流行病学分析。结果 2012-2016年,三亚市累积报告的病例数为13 966例,报告病例数由2014年的2 426例增长到2016年的2 865例,年均增长率为4.86%。5种病种中,以生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的年均发病率(273.02/10万)最高,其次为梅毒(80.00/10万)﹑淋病(56.41/10万)﹑尖锐湿疣(53.50/10万)和生殖器疱疹(19.48/10万);5年来,女性性病发病率都高于男性,女性的病例数为7 435,占53.24%,男性的病例数为6 531,占46.76%,男女之比为0.88〖DK〗∶1;三亚市不同年龄段人群都有性病病例发现,其中以20-34岁报告的病例数最多,为9 234例,占66.12%,15-24岁学生人群病例数为4 178,占29.92%。职业以家务及待业,商业服务和农民居多,三者占66.65%。结论 三亚市性病疫情总体处于上升趋势,性病的防治工作仍然任重道远。 相似文献
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目的 分析2013-2017年海南省的性病疫情数据,了解其流行病学特征,为相应调整现有的性病防治措施提供科学依据。方法 对海南省各市县网报的2013-2017年性病监测资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2013-2017年,海南省5种性病报告病例数为67383例,年均发病率为148.01/10万,年均增长率为16.17%。5种病种中,以生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的年均发病率(61.74/10万)最高,后依次为梅毒(47.93/10万)﹑淋病(18.46/10万)﹑尖锐湿疣(14.17/10万)和生殖器疱疹(5.72/10万),5种性病的发病率均呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。男女性病发病率分别为125.63/10 万和172.91/10 万。生殖道沙眼衣原体感染女性的发病率(98.18/10 万)高于男性(28.97/10 万),淋病则是男性的发病率(28.56/10 万)高于女性(7.22/10 万)。以20~34岁年龄段的人群报告病例数最多,为37106例,占55.0%,15~24岁人群病例数为16611例,占39.9%,>60岁的老年人群7211例,占10.7%。职业以家务及待业,农民和商业服务为主,三者占69.33%;地区分布以海口市报告的性病病例数最多,其次为三亚市和琼海市,三者占报告病例数的58.82%。结论 2013-2017年海南省性病疫情呈总体上升趋势,防控形势不容乐观,应重点加强梅毒、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染和淋病的防控。未来应加大健康教育宣传力度,提高医疗机构性病患者的规范诊疗率,防治结合有效控制疫情发展。 相似文献