nm23-H1与p21、p53蛋白在人卵巢癌中表达的相关性研究

目的研究人卵巢癌组织中肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23-H1、抑癌基因p21WAFI及p53蛋白的表达,探讨它们在卵巢癌发 生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫印迹技术,对74例卵巢癌组织及21例卵巢非癌组织中nm23-H1、p21WAFI及p53蛋白进行检 测。结果在卵巢癌中nm23-H1、p53蛋白的表达高于卵巢非癌组织,p21WAFI蛋白的表达呈下调;肿瘤发生转移时卵巢癌组织中 nm23-H1和p21WAF蛋白表达显著低于未发生肿瘤转移的癌组织。p53蛋白表达与肿瘤转移无关。nm23-HI、p21WAFI蛋白与卵巢癌 组织类型无关,但与卵巢癌的临床分期相关。p53蛋白的表达与卵巢癌组织类型及卵巢癌的临床分期无关。nm23-H1与p53、 p21WAFI蛋白间表达在卵巢癌中呈相关性。结论nm23-HI、p53、p21WAFI基因在卵巢癌发生、发展中起一定的作用,nm23-H1与p53、 p21WAFI基因在卵巢癌发生、发展中可能起协同作用。     

应用免疫组化技术检测胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达产物及其临床意义

目的：为探讨胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23联合基因表达产物对胃癌诊断与治疗方面的价值。方法：应用免疫组化技术检测了手术切除胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因产物表达。结果：p53蛋白表达阳性率37．6％-46．2％，c-erbB-2为34．6％-56．8％，p21为37．8％。61．5％，nm23为30．8％-70．3％；非胃癌组织(胃、十二指肠溃疡、胃息肉、重度不典型增生)未见c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达。c-erbB-2、p21的表达与胃癌的分化程度有关，p21、nm23基因表达与肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤转移程度有关。p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23四种肿瘤蛋白在胃镜活检标本和手术切除标本中表达是一致的，无显著性差异。结论：对胃癌组织检测p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达产物在胃部的良恶性肿瘤鉴别、非手术临床分期的判断及指导胃癌的临床诊断与治疗等方面具有一定价值。     

Cyclin D1蛋白表达与卵巢癌转移相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞周期蛋白(CyclinD1)表达与卵巢癌转移的相关性和CyclinD1与P21WAF1、P53蛋白的关系。方法:应用蛋白免疫印迹技术(Westernblot)检测61例人卵巢癌组织及7例卵巢非癌组织中CyclinD1、P53及P21WAF1蛋白的表达。结果:卵巢癌组织中CyclinD1和P53蛋白表达率均明显高于卵巢非癌组织(P<0.05);P21WAF1蛋白表达卵巢癌组织低于卵巢非癌组织(P>0.05)。CyclinD1与P53及P21WAF1蛋白表达与卵巢癌组织类型无关(P>0.05)。P21WAF1蛋白表达与卵巢癌的临床分期相关(P<0.05),CyclinD1、P53蛋白表达与卵巢癌的临床分期无关(P>0.05)。CyclinD1、P53及P21WAF1蛋白表达与卵巢癌转移相关(P<0.05)。结论:CyclinD1蛋白表达与卵巢癌肿瘤转移相关,CyclinD1与P21WAF1、P53蛋白在卵巢癌发生、发展中可能有一定作用,但不起协同作用。     

卵巢癌患者癌组织中nm23-H1蛋白和N-cad的表达及意义

目的:探讨卵巢癌患者癌组织中nm23-H1、神经型钙粘附蛋白(N-cadherin,N-cad)表达及其临床意义.方法:选取我院2011年1月至2013年12月间收治的118例卵巢癌患者,根据卵巢癌病理分期分为I级(n=49)、Ⅱ级(n=40)、Ⅲ级(n=29),采用免疫组化法检测癌组织及癌旁组织中nm23-H1蛋白和N-cad的表达情况,分析癌组织nm23-H1蛋白、N-cad表达阳性率与卵巢癌病理分级、淋巴结转移间的关系.结果:癌组织中nm23-H1蛋白表达阳性率明显低于癌旁组织(P<0.05),而N-cad蛋白表达阳性率明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05),其中病理分期I级的患者卵巢癌组织中nm23-H1表达总阳性率最高(P<0.05),N-cad表达总阳性率最低(P<0.05);转移者nm23-H1蛋白表达阳性率更低(P<0.05),N-cad表达阳性率更高(P<0.05);nm23-H1蛋白低表达组浆液型腺癌比例高(P<0.05),nm23-H1蛋白低表达组和N-cad高表达组病理分级Ⅲ级比例高(P<0.05)、FIGO分期中Ⅲ～Ⅳ比例高(P<0.05)、3年生存率更低(P<0.05).结论:卵巢癌组织中nm23-H1及N-cad表达与肿瘤细胞分化程度、癌症类型、癌症病情进展及转移均密切相关,可影响卵巢癌患者的生存期.     

p73基因在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及甲基化研究

目的 探讨卵巢上皮性肿瘤中p73蛋白的表达和基因启动子的甲基化情况,并观察其与临床病理学特征的关系.方法 制备包括68例卵巢癌、37例卵巢交界性肿瘤和21例卵巢良性肿瘤的组织芯片,用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测上述组织中p73蛋白表达情况,用亚硫酸氧盐修饰后测序法检测13例新鲜卵巢癌组织及5例新鲜卵巢交界性肿瘤组织的p73基因启动子甲基化情况.结果 92.6％ (63/68)的卵巢癌表达p73,p73蛋白总体表达率均值为32％(p73表达率指p73阳性细胞数所占的百分比),其中浆液性癌( 26/26)的表达率均值为40％,高于其他组织类型的癌(P=0.006).按照卵巢癌发病模式区分,Ⅱ型卵巢癌p73表达率均值(40％)高于Ⅰ型卵巢癌(24％),P=0.010.卵巢癌中p73的表达与临床分期及组织学分级无相关性(均P＞0.05).卵巢交界性肿瘤组(30/37)和良性肿瘤组(12/21)p73的总体表达率均值分别为16％和15％,该两组肿瘤中浆液性肿瘤表达率均值均高于黏液性肿瘤(P-0.003,P=0.026).卵巢癌组的p73阳性表达率均值明显高于交界性肿瘤组和良性肿瘤组(均P ＜0.05),交界性肿瘤组与良性肿瘤组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).浆液性肿瘤( 49/53)中,卵巢癌组(26/26) p73阳性表达率均值明显高于交界性肿瘤组(12/14)和良性肿瘤组(11/13;P =0.024和P=0.002),而卵巢交界性肿瘤组和良性肿瘤组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.428).黏液性肿瘤(15/27)中,卵巢癌组(6/7)p73阳性表达率均值高于良性肿瘤组( 1/8;p=0.032),而卵巢癌组与卵巢交界性肿瘤组(8/12)、交界性肿瘤组与良性肿瘤组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.234和P=0.201).p73启动子的甲基化结果显示,13例卵巢癌有8例发生甲基化,但每例样本甲基化频率有所不同,总体甲基化频率均值为8.0％.5例交界性肿瘤有2例发生甲基化,总体甲基化频率均值为9.0％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).卵巢癌组p73甲基化额率与组织类型、发病模式、组织学分级及临床分期均无相关性(均P＞0.05).结论 卵巢上皮性肿瘤多数表达p73,卵巢癌p73的表达率均值明显高于交界性肿瘤和良性肿瘤,浆液性肿瘤高于其他组织类型;p73蛋白表达率与p73基因甲基化程度不存在简单线性相关关系.     

卵巢上皮性癌中IDO1和p53的表达及意义

目的探讨吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, IDO1)在卵巢上皮性癌(epithelial ovarian cancer, EOC)中的表达及其与临床病理特征、p53突变、预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测111例EOC中IDO1和p53蛋白的表达;肿瘤细胞p53蛋白阳性百分数作为卵巢癌TP53突变的替代标志物。结果 IDO1在EOC中阳性率为54.1%,p53突变在EOC中占77.5%。单因素分析显示,IDO1表达与EOC患者年龄、临床分期、腹膜转移无关,IDO1表达与EOC组织亚型、p53突变相关。多因素分析显示,IDO1表达与p53突变相关。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,IDO1高表达组的总生存率低于低表达组,但差异无统计学意义。结论 IDO1表达与p53突变有关,IDO1和p53可能共同参与EOC的发生、发展。     

大肠癌中17号染色体异倍体与p53表达改变的相关性研究

目的探讨17号染色体数目异常与p53蛋白表达在大肠癌中的关系。方法应用荧光原位杂交技术及免疫组织化学方法分别检测石蜡包埋的67例大肠癌组织中17号染色体数目异常情况及p53蛋白的表达情况。结果 17号染色体发生异倍体31例,其中多倍体者29例,单倍体2例,17号染色体异倍体与大肠癌Dukes分期(P0.05)有关,但与年龄、性别,肿瘤分级及淋巴结转移均无关(P0.05);p53阳性表达率为55.2%,与Dukes分期及淋巴结转移有关(P0.05),而与年龄、性别,肿瘤分化各参数之间比较无显著性差别(P0.05);17号染色体异倍体与p53蛋白阳性表达之间无相关性(P0.05)。结论大肠癌中存在17号染色体的数目异常,其异倍体可能与肿瘤的发生发展有关,与患者的预后无关;p53阳性表达与患者预后相关。17号染色体异倍体与p53蛋白表达无关。     

膀胱移行细胞癌细胞周期调节相关基因表达与肿瘤生物学行为的关系

目的：探讨细胞周期调节相关基因p16INK4,p21WAF／CIP1,p53mlt在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达与肿瘤增殖能力,病理分级及临床分期的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学技术分析77例膀胱移行细胞癌组织p16INK4,p21WAF/CIP1,p53mlt基因的表达和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达情况,并与病理分级及临床分期之间进行综合分析。结果：p16INK4,p21WAF/CIP1,p53mlt在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及PCNA增殖指数与肿瘤的病理分级有关,与临床分期无关。p16,p21,p53阳性组与阴性组分别比较,其PCNA增殖数之间有差异性。多因素分析发现,p16INK4和p21WAF／CIP1阴性及p53mlt阳性组的PCNA值明显高于p16INK4和p21WAF／CIP1阳性及p53mlt阳性组,两者比较不同病理分级的阳性表达构成比亦有显著性差异。结论:联合检测p16INK4,p21WAF/CIP1,p53mlt基因的表达情况能充分反映膀胱移行细胞癌的增殖能力及生物学行为,对膀胱移行细胞癌患者的预后判断及治疗有指导意义。     

nm23-H1基因表达及突变与肝癌转移的关系

[摘要] 目的　研究nm23-H1基因的表达及突变和原发性肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma ,HCC）发展和转移的关系。方法 应用逆转录 PCR（RT-PCR）和逆转录PCR-单链构象多态法（RT-PCR SSCP）对30例肝癌组织、30例癌旁组织和4例正常肝组织中nm23-H1基因 mRNA表达和基因突变情况进行检测。 结果 nm23-H1基因在肝癌组织、癌旁组织、正常组织中的表达水平分别为1.62±0.41、1.30±0.30和1.23±0.39。肝癌组织中nm23-H1基因的表达水平明显高于癌旁组织（P<0.05）和正常组织（P<0.01）； 低分化肝癌组织中nm23-H1基因表达水平低于高、中分化肝癌组织中nm23-H1基因表达水平（P<0.05）；有卫星转移灶和无卫星灶的肝癌组织中nm23-H1基因表达水平无显著差异（P>0.05）；30例肝癌组织及相应的癌旁组织中未发现nm23-H1 cDNA基因突变。 结论 nm23-H1基因表达水平增高与肝癌的转移有密切关系，nm23-H1基因的异常表达是HCC转移中的频发事件而与基因突变无关。     

p53及p21蛋白在胆囊癌及肝外胆管癌的表达

p21^WAF1(p21)是细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶(cyclindependent kinases，CDKs)抑制蛋白，为野生型p53基因下游激活产物。p53突变及p21蛋白异常表达在肿瘤的发生发展中起重要作用，见于多种人类恶性肿瘤。我们应用免疫组织化学的方法检测胆囊癌及肝外胆管癌组织中p53及p21的表达情况，探讨p53及p21蛋白表达的意义以及与临床病理指标的关系。     

胰腺癌p53上下游基因mdm2、p21WAF/CIP1以及P14ARF蛋白的表达及相互关系

目的 探讨p14ARF、p53、mdm2及p21WAF/CIP1蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达、相互关系及意义。方法 选取167例胰腺癌、101例癌旁与13例良性病变组织构建组织芯片(又称组织微阵列),应用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测这4种蛋白在胰腺良恶性病变中的表达。结果 p14ARF、p53、mdm12及p21WAF/CIP1在胰腺癌中表达的阳性率分别为35.3％(59/167)、57.5％(96/167)、64.1％(107/167)和39.5％(66/167)。同癌旁组织相比,p53和mdm2表达明显升高(P<0.01),而p14ARF和p21WAF/CIP1的表达明显降低(P<0.05)。p21WAF/CIP1的阳性表达与年龄、神经受累显著相关(P<0.05);p53的阳性表达与肿瘤的分化、淋巴结转移和神经受累均显著相关(P<0.05);mdm2的阳性表达与肿瘤的分化显著相关(P<0.05);p14ARF与年龄和浸润转移显著相关(P<0.05)。四者阳性表达两两之间统计学上具有关联性(P<0.05)。结论 p53和mdm2的过表达以及p14ARF和p21WAF/CIP1的缺失表达可能会导致胰腺癌的形成和进展;4种蛋白主要以p14ARF-p53-mdm2-p21WAF/CIP1通路的方式作用于细胞的转化和肿瘤的形成;联合检测p53和mdm2的表达可用于评定胰腺癌的恶性程度。     

骨肉瘤中p53、p21WAF1、cyclinA蛋白的表达及其意义

目的探讨骨肉瘤中p53、p21WAF1、cyclinA蛋白的表达及相互关系.方法应用免疫组化方法对骨肉瘤组织及正常软组织中p53、p21WAF1、cyclinA的蛋白表达进行检测.结果正常软组织中p53表达均阴性,28%(14/50)骨肉瘤中可检测到p53蛋白的异常积累;正常软组织中均有不同程度的p21WAF1蛋白的阳性表达,52%(26/50)骨肉瘤p21WAF1阴性,骨肉瘤中p21WAF1的蛋白表达表现为p53蛋白依赖性的方式;正常组织中cyclinA为阴性,75.6%(28/37)骨肉瘤中存在cyclinA蛋白过表达,cyclinA与p21WAF1的表达呈负相关(r=-0.874,P＜0.01);p21WAF1蛋白的表达与骨肉瘤的分化呈正相关(r=0.687,P＜0.01).结论p53蛋白的异常积聚、p21WAA1的失表达及cyclinA的过表达参与了骨肉瘤失控的增生及肿瘤的形成.     

p53 expression in CMV-infected cells: association with the alternative expression of the p53 transactivated genes p21/WAF1 and MDM2

The p53 tumour suppressor gene is a cell cycle regulator, able to induce cell cycle arrest to allow DNA repair or apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying p53 action imply transactivation of p53 dependent genes such as WAF1 (for wild type p53 associated fragment 1) and the murine double minute (MDM2) gene. In some cases, inactivation of the p53 gene results from p53 gene mutations leading to p53 protein accumulation, but in others it may results from mechanisms other than mutation, such as interaction with viral or cellular proteins. The expression of p53 protein and p53 transactivated gene proteins p21/WAF1 and MDM2, combined with in situ detection of apoptosis, was studied in specimens of CMV-infected patients as an in vivo model of p53 alteration not due to point mutation. p53 positivity was found in CMV + cells in different tissues, in cells with typical inclusion bodies, and in in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry CMV + cells without inclusions (hidden infection). Although this p53 reactivity was accompanied by the expression of MDM2 and p21/WAF1 proteins, the patterns of MDM2 and p21/WAF1 protein expression were mutually exclusive, and were associated with the presence or absence of inclusion bodies. Nuclei bearing inclusion bodies were usually MDM2 +, p21/WAF1?, while hidden infected cells were usually MDM2?, p21/WAF1 +. Apoptosis was not detected in any tissue section from CMV-infected patients. Two alternative patterns were found in CMV-infected tissues: p53 +, p21/WAF1 +, MDM2?, or p53 +, p21/WAF1?, MDM2 + protein expression. These may represent examples of p53 dependent alternative effects in the course of CMV infection. Early stages are represented by CMV + cells without inclusion bodies, which display p53 and p21/WAF1 expression, suggesting that p53 could be acting as a growth suppressor protein. Late CMV infection is represented by cells harbouring inclusion bodies. These cells showed a p53 +, p21/WAF1?, MDM2 + profile, consistent with MDM2 mediated p53 inactivation. The absence of p21/WAF1 expression and lack of apoptosis suggest that the p53 protein expressed by MDM2 + cells could be functionally inactivated in CMV-infected cells with inclusion bodies. Previous studies have suggested that p53 inactivation by MDM2 over-expression occurs in sarcomas and lymphomas. Our observations seem to indicate that this mechanism of MDM2 mediated p53 inactivation may play a role in the late phase of CMV infection.     

HCV肝炎肝硬化中核心蛋白、p14ARF和p21WAF1的表达

目的检测HCV肝炎、肝硬化组织中的核心蛋白、p14ARF、p21WAF1的表达及其相关性,探讨HCV核心蛋白对p14ARF、p21WAF1的表达作用.方法收集HCV表达阳性的肝炎、肝硬化组织23例,采用免疫组织化学EnVision两步法检测HCV感染的肝炎、肝硬化组织的核心蛋白、p14ARF、p21WAF1的表达,并分析三者间的关系.结果核心蛋白、p14ARF、p21WAF1的阳性表达主要定位于细胞核. 在核心蛋白均阳性的组织中,p14ARF的阳性表达率为69.6%,p21WAF1表达率为13%;三组间的阳性强度比较,差异有显著性(P=0.01),HCV核心蛋白与p14ARF、p21WAF1各组间的P值均<0.01;HCV核心蛋白与p14ARF、p21WAF1阳性强度两者间相关性检验,相关系数rs分别为-0.053、0.45(P值分别为0.72、0.20),表明无相关性.结论 HCV核心蛋白对p14ARF、p21WAF1的表达有影响可能间接促进p14ARF的表达,但抑制p21WAF1的表达.     

p53、p21~(WAF1)蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨原发性非小细胞肺癌中p5 3、p2 1WAF1蛋白表达与临床病理及预后的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学 (SP法 )方法。共检测非小细胞肺癌 147例 ,其中腺癌 6 6例 ,鳞癌 6 3例 ,腺鳞癌 14例 ,大细胞癌 4例。结果　p5 3蛋白总阳性率为 6 1.2 % (90 / 147) ,腺癌为 5 7.6 % (38/ 6 6 ) ,鳞癌阳性率为 6 3.5 % (4 0 / 6 3) ,腺鳞癌为 71.4% (10 / 14) ,大细胞癌 2例阳性。p2 1WAF1蛋白总阳性率为40 1% (5 9/ 147) ,腺癌为 42 .4% (2 8/ 6 6 ) ,鳞癌为 41.3% (2 6 / 6 3) ,腺鳞癌 2 8.6 % (4 / 14) ,大细胞癌 1例阳性。肺腺癌p5 3蛋白阳性表达与其预后相关 ,6 6例腺癌中 ,生存率低于 3年组和高于 3年组的p5 3蛋白阳性率分别为 75 % (2 1/ 2 8)和 44 .7% (17/ 38) ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 2 5 )。p2 1WAF1阳性表达与肺癌预后有关 ,p2 1WAF1阳性表达者 3年生存率 (6 4.4% )高于阴性表达者 (4 6 .6 % ) (P <0 .0 5 )。p5 3阳性而p2 1WAF1阴性的非小细胞肺癌患者的预后比p5 3阴性而p2 1WAF1阳性者差 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　检测p5 3蛋白表达可作为判断肺腺癌预后的指标之一 ;检测p2 1WAF1蛋白表达有利于对非小细胞肺癌预后的判断 ;联合检测p5 3、p2 1WAF1蛋白对判断非小细胞肺癌的预后有重要的意义 ,似可作     

Expression of p21Waf1, p27Kip1 and cyclin D1 proteins in breast ductal carcinoma in situ: Relation with clinicopathologic characteristics and with p53 expression and estrogen receptor status

p21Waf1 (p21), p27Kip1 (p27) and cyclin D1 have recently been reported as useful prognostic markers for patients with breast carcinoma. However, studies on these cell cycle regulators in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have been extremely limited. Therefore, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of p21, p27 and cyclin D1 proteins in 49 DCIS cases and compared the findings with the clinicopathologic parameters (age, tumor size, gross type, histologic type, histologic grade, necrosis and mitotic index), p53 and estrogen receptor (ER) status. A significant correlation was found between positive p21 immunoreactivity (67.3% of the cases) and well-differentiated histologic grade, non-comedo type, ER-positive and p53-negative (p53-) status. DCIS with p21+/p53- is likely to be the non-comedo type. The overexpression of cyclin D1 (59.2% of the cases) correlated positively with the ER expression (P = 0.001). The p27 protein expression (46.9% of the cases) correlated with the cyclin D1 immunopositivity (P = 0.0003) and ER expression (P = 0.005). No significant associations were seen in the p27 or cyclin D1 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters. Our results suggest that p21 might be more related to the useful biologic markers in DCIS than p27 or cyclin D1. The significant positive association between p21, p27 or cyclin D1 and ER status, and close association of p27 and cyclin D1 expression might be implicated in the tumor biology of DCIS.     

Immunoreactivity of p53, Mdm2, p21(WAF1/CIP1) Bcl-2, and Bax in soft tissue sarcomas: correlation with histologic grade.

Tumor growth depends on 2 distinctive pathways: cell proliferation and apoptosis. The p53 pathway is an important regulator of the cell cycle as it triggers growth arrest or leads to apoptosis in response to cellular stress and therefore is commonly targeted during tumorigenesis. Apoptosis is also controlled by the Bcl-2 family, which includes proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of proteins that are involved in the p53 pathway and apoptosis in different types of soft tissue sarcomas and to correlate the expression of these proteins with the histologic grade of sarcoma cases. One hundred fifty-two cases of different types of soft tissue sarcomas were analyzed. The cases consisted of 54 low-grade, 40 intermediate-grade, and 58 high-grade sarcomas. Immunohistochemical stains for p21(WAF1/CIP1), p53, Mdm2, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins were carried out on tissue microarrays. Nuclear reactivity for p53 was detected in 49 cases (32.2%). Overexpression of Mdm2 was found in 18 cases (11.8%) and p21(WAF1/CIP1) immunostaining was seen in 28 tumors (18.4%). p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression correlated with the tumor grade (low grade, 5.6% and 3.7%; intermediate grade, 22.5% and 20%; high grade, 63.8% and 31%, respectively). Expression of Bax protein was a common finding in soft tissue sarcoma cases. It was detected in 141 cases (92.8%). Bcl-2 was identified in 59 tumors (38.8%) and was more prevalent in high-grade sarcomas (low grade, 25.9%; intermediate grade, 32.5%; high grade, 55.2%). It was concluded that alterations in the p53 pathway and genes that regulate apoptosis are common events in soft tissue sarcomas. The expression of p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1), and Bcl-2 is closely associated with the histologic grade of the tumor, and therefore these proteins may be used as prognostic markers.     

Enhanced cell kinetics, p53 accumulation and high p21WAF1 expression in chronic cholecystitis: comparison with background mucosa of gallbladder carcinomas

AIMS: Since neoplasia resulting from chronic inflammation has recently attracted increasing attention, we have investigated surgically removed gallbladders to examine the relationship between chronic cholecystitis and carcinogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mucosa of 108 cholecystectomy specimens without gallbladder cancer and 54 surgically resected gallbladder carcinomas were classified into three groups according to the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, and assessed immunohistochemically for Ki67, p53, p21WAF1 and apoptosis. In gallbladder mucosa without carcinoma, all four parameters tended to increase with the inflammation score (IS). Significantly positive correlations were revealed between Ki67 and p53, Ki67 and p21WAF1, and p53 and p21WAF1. However, in gallbladder carcinoma cases, values of p53 and p21WAF1 for background mucosa were elevated as compared to the mucosa of cholecystitis with low IS, but there was no correlation between their expression and IS, except for Ki67. CONCLUSIONS: Severe chronic cholecystitis is associated with acceleration of epithelial cell turnover, damaged cells being eliminated by apoptosis. The background mucosa of gallbladder carcinomas showed similar cell proliferative activity (Ki67) to that in cholecystitis, with no parallel changes of p53 and p21WAF1 expression, suggesting the possibility of unknown cofactors causing genomic damage.