胸部肿瘤患者调强放疗后动态心电图变化的临床对比研究

目的:探讨胸部肿瘤患者在不同时间段、不同类型肿瘤、不同治疗方法下调强放疗动态心电图变化情况。方法:选取2010年4月-2013年4月95例胸部肿瘤患者为研究对象,按照肿瘤类型分成肺癌组35例,乳腺癌组29例,食管癌组31例;按照治疗方法分成单纯放疗组26例,同步放化组34例,序贯放化组35例,分别在治疗前、治疗后和治疗结束6个月后观察动态心电图变化情况。结果:治疗后和治疗前在偶发室（房）性心律失常、ST-T段改变动态心电图异常发生率上比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而治疗结束6个月后和治疗前在偶发室（房）性心律失常、ST-T段改变动态心电图异常发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。不同治疗方法和不同肿瘤类型上治疗前动态心电图各项指标比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后各项指标比较差异也无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:调强放射治疗后胸部肿瘤患者动态心电图改变多在早期出现,且为可逆性。调强放射治疗精确性保证了不同类型胸部肿瘤放疗后动态心电图改变无显著差异性。     

老年胸部恶性肿瘤行调强放疗后动态心电图变化特点及相关因素分析

目的:探讨分析老年胸部恶性肿瘤行调强放疗（IMRT）后动态心电图变化特点及相关因素。方法:选择我院收治并接受调强放疗的老年胸部恶性肿瘤患者81例,在放疗前后行24 h动态心电图监测,统计患者治疗后动态心电图异常情况,并收集整理患者临床、物理资料,采用单因素分析以及多因素分析探讨可能影响患者放疗后动态心电图异常的相关因素。结果:81例老年胸部恶性肿瘤患者,IMRT治疗后发生DCG明显改变45例（55.56%）;对可能影响患者IMRT治疗后动态心电图改变的各因素进行分析,经单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、临床分期、心脏V40进入多因素回归模型,为影响老年胸部恶性肿瘤患者IMRT治疗后动态心电图改变的重要因素（P＜0.05）。结论:老年胸部恶性肿瘤调强放疗后动态心电图异常发生率较高,女性、高龄、临床分期高、心脏V40是患者治疗后心电图异常的独立危险因素。     

24h动态心电图联合心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ评价放射性心脏损伤的应用研究

目的 探讨24h动态心电图联合心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)评价胸部肿瘤放疗治疗诱发放射性心脏损伤(RIHD)的应用价值。方法 选取临沂市第三人民医院2015-2018年间接受放疗±化疗的胸部肿瘤患者128例,分别于放疗前、放疗30Gy、放疗50Gy、放疗结束、放疗结束3个月行常规心电图检查、24h动态心电图检查、cTnI、心脏彩超。比较24h动态心电图、常规心电图、cTnI、心脏彩超、24h动态心电图联合cTnI对RIHD检出率。比较血糖高低、合并高血压病及冠心病、联合化疗、照射剂量及心脏受照面积大小等因素与RIHD发生的关系。结果 放疗前后24h动态心电图与常规心电图检测异常结果相近(P均>0.05),而在心律失常、房室传导阻滞、束支传导阻滞、ST-T改变方面均高于常规心电图(P均<0.05)。24h动态心电图联合cTnI与单纯24h动态心电图、常规心电图、cTnI、心脏彩超比较检出率均高于任一方式(P均<0.05)。放疗后RIHD率高于放疗前(P均<0.05);放化疗者心脏损伤率明显高于单药顺铂化疗、单纯放疗组,以表柔比星+环磷酰胺方案为甚(发生率45%,P均<0.05)。单纯放疗与放疗+顺铂化疗的相近(P均>0.05)。放疗后比放疗前RIHD分级增加31.2%(P均<0.05)。合并糖尿病、高血压病、冠心病,放疗合并化疗,心脏Dmean、V40 Gy是1-4级RIHD发生的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论 24h动态心电图联合cTnI评价胸部肿瘤放疗诱发RIHD检出率高,并且操作简单、费用低廉,值得临床推广应用。     

放射治疗对心脏的影响

为了解胸部肿瘤放疗会不会影响心脏。我们于1986年12月～1987年12月间,对39例无心脏病史的胸部肿瘤病人,在放疗前及放疗过程中进行了心电图的动态观察,发现当心脏区域受到一定剂量的照射时,可出现心电图的改变。     

86例胸部肿瘤放射治疗心电图改变

目的探讨胸部放射治疗对心电图的影响。方法对我院收治的86例接受胸部放射治疗患者，既往无心血管病史和治疗前心电图无异常者，于放疗结束后描记常规十二导心电图。结果放射治疗累及心脏时的患者中，约60％出现心电图异常改变。经随访，放疗结束后5个月左右，74％心电图异常者恢复正常。结论放射治疗对心脏有一定损伤，心电图异常改变与面积剂量呈正比，但心肌细胞在正常剂量照射下，经过一段时间修复后，心电图异常改变得到一定恢复。     

参芪扶正注射液治疗含阿霉素方案心脏毒性的观察

目的 探讨参芪扶正注射液减轻含阿霉素方案所致心脏毒性的作用.方法60例接受含阿霉素方案化疗的女性恶性肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,其中观察组加用参芪扶正注射液250 mL/次,连用21 d.治疗结束后,比较观察两组心脏毒性发生情况.结果观察组心电图异常总发生率、心肌酶异常总发生率及CTnT异常发生率较对照...     

联合放化疗对乳腺癌患者心脏毒性的临床观察

 目的 观察联合放化疗与单一化疗对乳腺癌患者心肌的损伤。方法 接受含表柔比星化疗或联合放疗的术后乳腺癌患者共68例，对其治疗前后的心电图检查结果进行统计学分析。结果 表柔比星化疗配合放射治疗的乳腺癌患者的心脏毒性明显高于单一化疗组。放化疗组出现心电图异常的发生率为36.8 %（14例），单一化疗组出现心电图异常的发生率为10 %（3例），两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 联合放化疗增加乳腺癌患者的心脏毒性，建议乳腺癌患者在治疗期间定期复查心电图，尤其对年龄＞60岁和有高血压、心脏疾病病史的患者尤其重要。     

44例胸部恶性肿瘤放疗后心电图异常的临床观察

目的 探讨放射治疗胸部肿瘤尤其是左肺癌时对心脏的影响因素。方法 对1933年1月至1984年12月收治的胸部恶性肿瘤44例,在放疗前、放疗中和放疗结束时分别作心电图检查。左肺癌38例,右肺癌2例,其他肿瘤4例。浣野放疗30例,大面积不规则野放疗14例;加速超分割放疗5例,大面积不规则野放疗14例,常规野规放疗25例;＜55Gy19例,≥55Gy25例。结果 本组心电图异常发生率为43．2％（19／44）,其中心动过速27．3％,心动过缓4．5％,S－T段下移6．8％,传导阻滞4．5％。左下肺癌心电图异常率远远高于其他胸肿瘤（P＜0．01）;≥55Gy组高于＜55Gy组（P＜0．05）;加速超分割照射组明显高于常规分割照射组（P＜0．01）。结论 放射治疗期间可发生急性放射性心脏损伤,其损伤程度与心脏受照体积、放射剂量、分割方式有关。超分割、加速超分割照射胸部肿瘤尤其是左肺癌时应当慎重。     

167例胸部放疗患者的心脏损伤临床分析

目的分析放射线对心脏的损伤情况。方法观察167例胸部放疗患者治疗前、后临床症状、心电图、心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白的变化。结果放疗后,患者心电图、心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白异常率明显升高(P<0.05),且上述指标的异常率与放疗剂量、放疗方案、心脏受照射范围以及是否联用化疗或靶向药物有密切关系(P<0.05)。结论放射线可造成心脏损伤,且其严重程度与放疗剂量、心脏受照射范围、放疗方案以及是否联用化疗或靶向药物密切相关。     

苦参碱注射液防治放射性肺损伤的临床研究

目的探讨苦参碱注射液防治胸部肿瘤放疗所致的放射性肺损伤的疗效。方法将病理检查证实且需进行放疗的胸部肿瘤患者85例随机分为2组。治疗组43例于放疗第1天起静脉滴注苦参碱注射液;对照组42例给予单纯放疗。比较2组血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平、KPS评分以及随访6个月期间放射性肺损伤的发生率。结果 2组患者放疗2周及放疗结束时TNF-α水平显著升高,而治疗组升高幅度显著低于对照组。治疗组放疗2周及放疗结束时KPS评分较放疗前略有下降,而放疗结束后6个月显著升高,且放疗结束时及结束后6个月均显著高于对照组;治疗组早期及晚期放射性肺损伤的发生率均显著低于对照组。结论苦参碱注射液具有减少炎症因子释放和提高KPS评分作用,可有效预防放射性肺损伤,提高患者生活质量。     

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for cervical lymph node metastases from unknown primary cancer

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and conventional (two-dimensional) radiotherapy in the treatment of cervical lymph node metastases from unknown primary cancer (UPC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between February 2003 and September 2006, 23 patients with UPC of squamous cell carcinoma were treated with IMRT. Extended putative mucosal and bilateral nodal sites were irradiated to a median dose of 66 Gy. In 19 patients, IMRT was performed after lymph node dissection, and in 4 patients primary radiotherapy was given. The conventional radiotherapy group (historical control group) comprised 18 patients treated to a median dose of 66 Gy between August 1994 and October 2003. RESULTS: Twenty patients completed treatment. As compared with conventional radiotherapy, the incidence of Grade 3 acute dysphagia was significantly lower in the IMRT group (4.5% vs. 50%, p = 0.003). By 6 months, Grade 3 xerostomia was detected in 11.8% patients in the IMRT group vs. 53.4% in the historical control group (p = 0.03). No Grade 3 dysphagia or skin fibrosis was observed after IMRT but these were noted after conventional radiotherapy (26.7%, p = 0.01) and 26.7%, p = 0.03) respectively). With median follow-up of living patients of 17 months, there was no emergence of primary cancer. One patient had persistent nodal disease and another had nodal relapse at 5 months. Distant metastases were detected in 4 patients. The 2-year overall survival and distant disease-free probability after IMRT did not differ significantly from those for conventional radiotherapy (74.8% vs. 61.1% and 76.3% vs. 68.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Use of IMRT for UPC resulted in lower toxicity than conventional radiotherapy, and was similar in efficacy.     

调强适形放疗治疗晚期宫颈癌患者的疗效观察

目的:探究调强适形放疗（IMRT）治疗晚期宫颈癌患者的疗效观察。方法:回顾性选取2014年04月至2016年05月我院收治的符合纳排研究标准的79例接受放疗的中晚期宫颈癌患者。根据治疗期选取放疗方式不同，将43例行常规普通放疗的患者纳为常规放疗组，将36例行调强放疗的患者纳为IMRT组。观察两组近期临床疗效、放疗毒性反应及预后复发生存情况。结果:常规放疗组近期临床治疗总有效率（62.79% vs 83.33%）低于IMRT组（P=0.042）。IMRT组急性期血液系统、消化系统、泌尿系统毒性反应总发生率及晚期放射性直肠、放射性膀胱炎总发生率低于常规放疗组（P均<0.05）。Ⅲa-b期IMRT组患者预后3年OS(82.4% vs 47.6%)、DFS(88.2% vs 57.1%)及PFS（70.6% vs 4.8%）显著优于常规放疗组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），Ⅱb及Ⅳa期两组患者差异无显著统计学意义。结论:IMRT可有效提高晚期宫颈癌临床治疗有效率，降低放疗毒性反应，改善患者预后，值得临床推广应用。     

Clinical outcome in posthysterectomy cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent Cisplatin and intensity-modulated pelvic radiotherapy: comparison with conventional radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To assess local control and acute and chronic toxicity with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) as adjuvant treatment of cervical cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between April 2002 and February 2006, 68 patients at high risk of cervical cancer after hysterectomy were treated with adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin (50 mg/m(2)) for six cycles every week. Thirty-three patients received adjuvant radiotherapy by IMRT. Before the IMRT series was initiated, 35 other patients underwent conventional four-field radiotherapy (Box-RT). The two groups did not differ significantly in respect of clinicopathologic and treatment factors. RESULTS: IMRT provided compatible local tumor control compared with Box-RT. The actuarial 1-year locoregional control for patients in the IMRT and Box-RT groups was 93% and 94%, respectively. IMRT was well tolerated, with significant reduction in acute gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities compared with the Box-RT group (GI 36 vs. 80%, p = 0.00012; GU 30 vs. 60%, p = 0.022). Furthermore, the IMRT group had lower rates of chronic GI and GU toxicities than the Box-RT patients (GI 6 vs. 34%, p = 0.002; GU 9 vs. 23%, p = 0.231). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that IMRT significantly improved the tolerance to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with compatible locoregional control compared with conventional Box-RT. However, longer follow-up and more patients are needed to confirm the benefits of IMRT.     

A Review of the Clinical Evidence for Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy

AimsIntensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a development of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy that offers improvements in dosimetry in many clinical scenarios. Here we review the clinical evidence for IMRT and present ongoing or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe identified randomised and non-randomised comparative studies of IMRT and conventional radiotherapy using MEDLINE, hand-searching Radiotherapy and Oncology and the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics and the proceedings of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology annual meetings. The metaRegister of Controlled Trials was searched to identify completed-unpublished, ongoing and planned RCTs.ResultsSixty-one studies comparing IMRT and conventional radiotherapy were identified. These included three RCTs in head and neck cancer (205 patients) and three in breast cancer (664 patients) that had reported clinical outcomes; these were all powered for toxicity-related end points, which were significantly better with IMRT in each trial. There were 27 additional non-randomised studies in head and neck (1119 patients), 26 in prostate cancer (>5000 patients), four in breast cancer (875 patients) and nine in other tumour sites. The results of these studies supported those of the RCTs with benefits reported in acute and late toxicity, health-related quality of life and tumour control end points. Twenty-eight completed-unpublished, ongoing or planned RCTs incorporating IMRT were identified, including at least 12,310 patients, of which 15 compared conventional radiotherapy within IMRT as a randomisation or pre-planned stratification.DiscussionInverse-planned IMRT maintains parotid saliva production and reduces acute and late xerostomia during radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer, reduces late rectal toxicity in prostate cancer patients allowing safe dose escalation and seems to reduce toxicity in several other tumour sites. Forward-planned IMRT reduces acute toxicity and improves late clinician-assessed cosmesis compared with conventional tangential breast radiotherapy.     

左侧乳腺癌放疗相关心脏毒性的危险因素分析

 放射治疗是乳腺癌的重要治疗手段,由于左乳与心脏位置毗邻,设计照射野时常不能完全避开心脏。乳腺癌放射治疗增加了患缺血性心脏病、心包炎和瓣膜病的风险。年轻、高体重指数（body mass index, BMI）、肿瘤位于中央象限和胸骨旁区域与心脏受到高剂量辐射有关。放疗心脏毒性与放疗技术有很大关系,对于左乳切除术后放疗,多野调强适形放疗（IMRT）能够平衡靶区覆盖和正常组织受量,而左乳保乳术后放疗,采用双弧度容积旋转调强（VMAT）较多野IMRT更具优势。相比全乳照射,加速部分乳腺照射能够显著降低心脏剂量;而对于需要照射区域淋巴结的患者,采用容积旋转调强或螺旋断层放疗在减少心脏受量方面则显示出优势。相比自由呼吸,深吸气屏气放疗能够显著减少心脏和冠状动脉左前降支剂量;尤其是对于胸壁+区域淋巴结（包括内如淋巴结）放疗的患者采用深吸气屏气（deep inspiration breath hold, DIBH）放疗获益更多,而对于保乳术后仍为大乳腺的患者,采用俯卧位能减少心脏毒性。另外,左乳放疗期间同步曲妥珠单抗靶向治疗、芳香化酶抑制剂（aromatase inhibitors, AI）会影响心脏事件的发生。基于上述因素,在给左侧乳腺癌患者制定放疗计划时,应结合患者年龄、BMI、原发肿瘤位置、体型、术后乳腺大小、是否需要区域淋巴结照射,根据现有放疗设备,给予最优的放疗方案,同时减少增加心脏毒性的同步治疗,从而最大程度减少治疗导致的心脏不良反应。     

乳腺癌保留乳房术后大分割调强放疗初步临床观察

目的：观察早期乳腺癌保留乳房术后三维适形放疗（three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3-DCRT）、常规分割调强放疗（intensity-modulated radiotherapy,IMRT）及大分割调强放疗（hypo-fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy,hIMRT）的疗效、不良反应及美容效果。方法：选择2009～02—01—2013-01—31潍坊市人民医院放疗科早期乳腺癌保留乳房术后女性患者66例,根据患者意愿分别纳入3-DCRT、IMRT或kIMRT组行放疗。3DCRT组采用6Mv_X射线切线野照射,全乳腺Dr50Gy／25次,2Gy／次,后续9／12MeV电子线予瘤床区补量10Gy／5次,2Gy／次;IMRT组：采用逆向动态调强技术,以切线野方向为调强主野的入射方向,全乳腺50Gy／25次,2Gy／次,瘤床区用X射线同步加量至60Gy／25次,2．4Gy／次,或全乳腺放疗结束后行电子线补量（方式及剂量同3DCRT）;h-IMRT组：全乳腺42．5Gy／16次,2．66Gy／次,瘤床区同步X射线加量至48Gy。结果：3-DCRT组、IMRT组、h_IMRT组分别入组46、12和8例,中位随访23．9个月（2．1～48．0个月）,3组患者免疫组化结果、病理类型、TNM分期、放化疗顺序及化疗方案、年龄、手术与术后’放疗时间间隔、肿瘤最大径和腋窝淋巴结转移数目差异均无统计学意义,P〉0．05;3组放疗时间差异有统计学意义,P〈O．01,其中h-IMRT组周期最短。单变量一般线性模型三因素方差分析显示,放疗前后乳头纵向、横向位置,乳房横径,乳根位置差异均无统计学意义,P〉O．05;保留乳房术后患者健侧乳头比患侧低,P〈0．05;3组间乳头横向位置和乳房横径差异有统计学意义,P〈O．05。3组患者均发生不同程度的急性血液系统和皮肤反应,但差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05,无Ⅲ度及更严重的急性放射性皮肤反应,均未影响放疗计划的顺利进行。结论：短期随访结果显示,早期乳腺癌保留乳房术后大分割调强放疗组可以明显缩短放疗时间,未加重血液系统及皮肤急性毒副作用,未增加局部复发风险,未降低总生存,未降低美容效果,很有可能成为中国女性早期乳腺癌保留乳房术后安全有效的放疗模式。     

乳腺癌保乳术后同步加量调强放疗的临床疗效

目的:探讨乳腺癌保乳术后同步加量调强放疗的疗效、不良反应及美容效果。方法:2008年~2010年收治乳腺癌保乳术后患者78例,其中38例行瘤床同步加量调强放疗（A组）,剂量分割方案为全乳50Gy/25次（2Gy/次）,瘤床同步加量至60Gy/25次（2.4Gy/次）,总疗程33~35天;40例行常规分割调强放疗（B组）,剂量分割方案为全乳50Gy/25次,后续瘤床推量10Gy/5次（2Gy/次）,总疗程40~42天。应用Kaplan-Meier法生存分析,Log-rank法检验差异。结果:中位随访时间为73个月,随访率为100%。两组5年总生存率均为100%。A组和B组5年局部无复发生存率、无病生存率分别为97.4%、97.5%（P=0.978）;97.4%、95.0%（P=0.589)。A组和B组1、2级急性皮肤反应发生率分别为57.9%、52.5%(P＝0.632); 13.2%、12.5%(P＝0.931);A组和B组的1级皮肤及皮下组织晚期反应发生率分别为15.8%、15.0%（P=0.932）;1级白细胞减少发生率分别为7.9%、10.0%（P=0.745）。A组和B组在放疗前、放疗后3、5年美容效果优良率分别为86.8%、87.5%（P=0.931）;84.2%、85.0%（P=0.932）;81.6%、82.5%（P=0.916）。结论:保乳术后同步加量调强放疗的疗效与常规分割调强放疗相似,美容效果及不良反应相当。