国际旅行卫生保健中心工作人员职业安全的思考

目的提高国际旅行卫生保健中心工作人员的职业安全防护意识，做好保健中心的职业安全防护工作。方法分析国际旅行卫生保健中心日常工作中职业安全方面潜在的危险因素，提出防护对策、具体措施。结果保健中心工作人员职业安全防护意识及措施相对薄弱，应制定完善的职业安全防护制度及操作规程等。结论加强管理与相关知识技能培训是职业安全防护的关键。     

供应室护士职业有害因素认知干预的研究

目的：加强供应室工作人员的职业防护意识。方法：采用自行设计的调查表以问卷的方法进行调查，并根据职业防护情况采取相应的干预措施。结果：52名工作人员的防护意识和有效防护措施的落实得到了明显提高。结论：加强职业安全的宣教，定期进行防护知识和防护措施的考核，并制订职业防护的规章制度，可有效提高防护意识。     

基层医院麻醉科工作人员职业安全防护的分析

目的 分析基层医院麻醉科工作人员的职业危害因素,制定麻醉科工作人员职业安全防护的管理对策.方法 以麻醉科工作人员为中心,分析麻醉科工作人员存在的职业危害因素,制定相应的安全防护措施.结果 麻醉科工作人员的职业危害因素包括麻醉科本身的因素,机械性及生物性危险因素、空气污染、X射线.结论 麻醉科的职业安全防护应得到医院领导及科室主任的重视,及时配备医护人员、改善工作环境、加强职业安全教育、规范操作等多方面考虑,改善职业安全防护.     

消毒供应中心工作人员职业伤害及防护对策

目的 加强消毒供应中心工作人员的自身防护,降低职业伤害.方法 分析消毒供应中心工作人员职业伤害因素、制定防护对策.结果 提高了工作人员的防护意识, 防护措施落实到位,确保其身心健康.结论 通过分析消毒供应中心工作中的职业伤害因素,强化防护意识,制定防护对策并落实到位,可最大限度降低职业伤害的发生.     

医院检验科工作人员职业安全防护的分析及措施

目的分析综合医院检验科工作人员的职业危险因素,制定检验科工作人员职业安全防护的管理对策。方法以检验科工作人员为中心,分析医院检验科工作人员存在的职业危险因素。结果检验科工作人员的职业危险因素包括:检验科本身的因素,物理性、化学性及生物性危险因素。结论检验科的职业安全防护亟需得到重视,需要从硬件和软件两方面综合考虑改善职业安全防护。     

消毒供应室职业暴露及防范措施

目的探讨消毒供应室工作人员职业暴露及防护措施。方法根据消毒供应室工作人员暴露的危险因素,制定并落实规范化的防护措施。结果提高了职业暴露防护意识,加强了职业安全管理,有效地防止职业感染的发生,确保了工作人员身心健康。结论重视工作人员的职业暴露教育,减少或消除造成职业暴露的各种因素是防范措施的关键。     

医院消毒供应中心人员的职业危害及防护对策

目的分析消毒供应中心工作人员存在的职业安全危害因素,提出防护对策。方法根据消毒供应中心工作人员可能遇到的危害因素,制定并落实规范化的防护措施。结果通过职业安全防护知识和标准预防教育,加强锐利器械损伤防护和处理,重视供应中心内环境质量管理,增强了供应中心工作人员的自身防护意识,有效地减少职业危害因素对人体的伤害。结论减少造成职业危害的各种因素,是加强职业安全防护,确保消毒供应中心工作人员身体健康的关键。     

供应室工作人员职业防护调查及对策

供应室工作人员处于多种潜在危害因素之中,工作人员具有的职业防护意识和正确实施防护是有效减少医院感染危害的重要保证,笔者对供应室工作人员进行了职业防护意识和正确实施进行了调查,并提出了防护对策.     

供应科工作人员职业暴露现状与防护体会

目的探讨职业暴露因素的分类、构成及防护对策。方法对供应科工作人员职业暴露情况进行分析。结果通过职业防护教育,供应科工作人员对职业暴露认知和防护水平都有所提高,效果显著。结论加强职业安全教育,制定相应的规章制度和防护对策,树立全面性防护管理理念,可减少职业暴露的发生。     

职业安全培训在供应室职业防护中的作用综述

职业安全培训在供应室职业防护中有着极其重要的作用,为了提高供应室工作人员对职业危害的认识及自我防护意识,避免职业安全隐患的发生,从而实现供应室工作人员自身职业安全。现对职业安全培训在供应室职业防护中的作用进行以下综述。     

在多基因PCR中对dNTP与Mg^2＋的浓度关系的研究

目的　通过实验介绍在单一浓度下的Mg2 与在不同浓度情况下的dNTP及在单一浓度下的dNTP与在不同浓度下的Mg2 进行多基因PCR的反应过程。方法　通过多基因PCR分析比较Mg2 和dNTP在不同浓度下的反应结果。结果　PCR反应在 10×PCRBuffer为 0 0 2mol/LMg2 浓度时 ,随着dNTP浓度的增大 ,PCR反应增强 ,特别是较大片段PCR产物反映更为明显。但随着dNTP浓度的继续增大 ,PCR反应抑制 ,扩增条带度减弱 ,直至条带完全消失。而在0 0 0 2mmol/LdNTP浓度下 ,随着Mg2 浓度的不断增大 ,反应逐渐增强。但随着Mg2 浓度的继续增大 ,扩增条带亮度有减弱趋势。结论　在Mg2 单一浓度下 ,较大浓度dNTP有增强条带亮度的作用 ;在dNTP单一浓度下 ,过高的Mg2 浓度能抑制反应。     

The Varieties of Dignity

As a part of a research project on Dignity and Older Europeans (Fifth Framework (Quality of Life) Programme3) I explore in this paper a set of notions of human dignity. The general concept of dignity is introduced and characterized as a position on a value scale and it is further specified through its relations to the notions of right, respect and self-respect. I present four kinds of dignity and spell out their differences: the dignity of merit, the dignity of moral or existential stature, the dignity of identity and the universal human dignity (Menschenwürde). Menschenwürde pertains to all human beings to the same extent and cannot be lost as long as the persons exist. The dignity of merit depends on social rank and position. There are many species of this kind of dignity and it is very unevenly distributed among human beings. The dignity of merit exists in degrees and it can come and go. The dignity of moral stature is the result of the moral deeds of the subject; likewise it can be reduced or lost through his or her immoral deeds. This kind of dignity is tied to the idea of a dignified character and of dignity as a virtue. The dignity of moral stature is a dignity of degree and it is also unevenly distributed. The dignity of identity is tied to the integrity of the subject's body and mind, and in many instances, although not always, also dependent on the subject's self-image. This dignity can come and go as a result of the deeds of fellow human beings and also as a result of changes in the subject's body and mind.     

2015—2016年自贡市中小学生近视流行现况与教室环境卫生关联性分析

目的了解2015—2016年自贡市中小学生近视的流行现况及教室环境卫生状况,为近视的预防及后期进行影响因素研究提供线索。方法利用2015-2016年自贡市中小学生常见病和教学与生活环境卫生监测工作终期数据,分析7～18岁中小学生近视检出情况,利用2×2列联表的关联性分析探索教室环境监测评价综合结果与学生近视之间关系。结果2015-2016年中小学生近视检出率分别为44.9%、53.4%,重度近视占近视的比例分别为62.8%、69.4%;2016年近视检出增长率为18.7%,其中重度近视检出增长率最大。城区中小学生近视检出率高于乡村,女生近视检出率高于男生,城乡学生近视检出率均随着学习阶段递增而增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);教室环境监测评价综合得分低的学校学生近视检出率高(P＜0.05,Ф＞0)。结论自贡市中小学生近视检出情况较严重,不容乐观,应加强中小学近视筛查并采取干预措施;中小学教室环境卫生监测项目达标低,可能是导致学生近视高检出率的原因之一,应完善相关教学设施的建设。     

Lieu de contrôle chez les obèses : traduction et première étude de validation de l’échelle du lieu de contrôle du poids de saltzer

The objectives of this study are to enable the use of the concept of locus of control in the treatment of obese subjects and to verify if the presence of an alimentary disorder influences the belief in the weight’s control. The translation and validation in French is also part of the objective. We translated into French Saltzer’s specific scale of Weight Locus of Control (WLOC: weight locus of control) and then examined it’s validity. Then we compared it on general scales of the place of control (IPC of Levenson and SOC-3 of Paulhus). The subjects were both classified according to the presence of eating disorders (ED). A sample of 46 obese women (IMC>30) was tested, 20 of them without ED, and 26 with, associated to the presence ED, according to the criteria of the DSM-IV.The internal validity of WLOC is rather satisfactory. It correlates negatively with internality (IPC), personal control and interpersonal control (SOC-3). ED at the obese subjects are related on the externality of weight control and the externality of personal control. Obese subjects without ED believe more in weight control by themselves and personal control that the obese subjects with ED (Eating Disorders). Finally the scale of weight locus of control (WLOC) remains the most adapted in the treatment and the study of the obese subject.     

含矽粉尘的不同负荷吸入方式对大鼠肺中粉尘滞留和肺灌洗液中磷脂的影响

用甲酸法测定大鼠肺和纵膈淋巴结中的粉尘含量；用高效液相色谱法检测肺泡灌洗液中的磷脂。结果发现在染尘总剂量相同时，短时间以冲击量吸入含矽粉尘（冲击组）的大鼠肺中粉尘的含量在染尘结束后的第３天高于其它组；总磷脂的含量在第３天、第１０天也明显高于对照组。提示短时间突然吸入大量含矽粉尘可对肺产生较为严重的损伤     

实施社区与家庭健康促进项目 推动妇幼卫生事业发展

邹城市为１９９６～２０００年合作周期《加强中国基层妇幼卫生服务》项目市,积极推行初级卫生保健,确立了社区与家庭健康作为项目的重要内容。市委、市政府高度重视,加强领导,在上级业务部门指导下,以健全三级医疗保健网为基础,加强基层妇幼卫生队伍的建设和提高业务素质为重点,以提高妇女儿童的健康水平,降低孕产妇和５岁以下儿童死亡率为目的,把社区与家庭健康促进项目作为初级卫生保健的重要组成部分,作为密切联系群众,提高人民健康水平和自我保健意识,保护社会生产力的重要措施,并纳入全市社会经济发展的总体规划。１９９８年度,全市孕产妇死亡率下降到２５．７０／１０万,５岁以下儿童死亡率下降到１９．１５‰,其中婴儿死亡率下降到１６．４５‰。     

Processed Meat Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of the Constraints of Current Evidence from Epidemiological Studies

Based on a large volume of observational scientific studies and many summary papers, a high consumption of meat and processed meat products has been suggested to have a harmful effect on human health. These results have led guideline panels worldwide to recommend to the general population a reduced consumption of processed meat and meat products, with the overarching aim of lowering disease risk, especially of cancer. We revisited and updated the evidence base, evaluating the methodological quality and the certainty of estimates in the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the association between processed meat consumption and the risk of cancer at different sites across the body, as well as the overall risk of cancer mortality. We further explored if discrepancies in study designs and risks of bias could explain the heterogeneity observed in meta-analyses. In summary, there are severe methodological limitations to the majority of the previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the consumption of processed meat and the risk of cancer. Many lacked the proper assessment of the methodological quality of the primary studies they included, or the literature searches did not fulfill the methodological standards needed in order to be systematic and transparent. The primary studies included in the reviews had a potential risk for the misclassification of exposure, a serious risk of bias due to confounding, a moderate to serious risk of bias due to missing data, and/or a moderate to serious risk of selection of the reported results. All these factors may have potentially led to the overestimation of the risk related to processed meat intake across all cancer outcomes. Thus, with the aim of lowering the risk of cancer, the recommendation to reduce the consumption of processed meat and meat products in the general population seems to be based on evidence that is not methodologically strong.     

The health promotion implications of the knowledge and attitude of employees in relation to health and safety leaflets

Selected aspects of the efficacy of printed leaflets produced by a government health and safety agency and widely distributed by the enforcement bodies and other organisations to promote workplace health and safety are examined. It is based on a study of 30 small or medium-sized enterprises and examines the views of 120 employers and employees regarding the availability, attractiveness, relevance and usefulness of the leaflets and estimates the reader comprehension and readability of the selected leaflets. The results indicate that the selected leaflets are considered acceptable and comprehensible by the majority of respondents. As these are typical of the leaflets available in the health and safety field this is a positive outcome. The discussion focuses around the ability of the leaflets to engage and to inform and suggestions are made to encourage a wider debate on the criteria which contribute to these two aspects of leaflet use. It is contended that leaflets will continue to be important in the attempts of those involved in workplace health and safety to facilitate learning and to contribute to the overall process of behaviour change. This study raises a number of key issues regarding the future design and use of such leaflets.     

Protein problems in Bangladesh

The food consumption data of the 1962–64 Survey of Bangladesh were examined in the light of the latest recommendations of FAO/WHO for energy and protein. It was found that on average there was an energy deficit of 10.7 percent at the retail level and an excess of protein of the order of 7 percent at the safe level of intake. Energy deficiency was found in 13.8 percent of households. The incidence of protein deficiency rises from 12.3 percent to 26.1 percent when households with energy deficiency are taken into consideration. Protein deficiency as such is present only in 0.8 percent of the households compared with 11.5 percent of the households which are deficient in both protein and energy. The magnitude of deficiency of protein as well as of energy which results from maldistribution of food within the household has not yet been quantitated. The cultural emphasis that women must be the last to partake of the food prepared in the house and that the children also share the same food as prepared for the adults are considered to contribute substantially to the overall picture of inadequate protein nutriture of women and children in Bangladesh. In view of the above findings it is suggested that unless energy need is met and the cultural barrier now militating against meeting nutritional demands of women and children is broken through education, the increased supply of protein food alone will not solve the protein problem of Bangladesh.     

延迟断脐对新生儿生理意义的研究现状

20世纪后，新生儿出生时立即结扎脐带为产科临床上的常规操作。但是，国内外大量研究结果表明，延迟断脐(DCC)可改善新生儿营养状况与健康结局，而且该项技术受到包括世界卫生组织(WHO)在内的多个国际专业机构及组织推荐。目前研究结果表明，DCC有益于新生儿，具有可以增加新生儿血容量、降低其贫血发生率及减少缺血缺氧性脑损伤等并发症发生率等优势。但是，对于DCC的最佳时机及其潜在益处、风险等问题，目前则尚未达成共识。关于DCC对新生儿生理意义的研究，不但可明确DCC的生理机制，还可更新医护人员对断脐时间的传统固有观念，对DCC的临床应用及推广具有积极作用。笔者拟就DCC时间选择、DCC与胎盘输血、DCC与新生儿呼吸功能及DCC对新生儿影响的最新研究现状进行阐述。