新疆维稳民兵觉察压力特征及其影响因素分析

目的调查新疆民兵维稳期间觉察压力特征及其影响因素,为制订维稳民兵的心理应激干预提供理论依据。方法采用横断面抽样方法,随机整群抽取新疆维稳民兵832名,采用觉察压力量表、领悟社会支持量表进行调查分析。结果觉察压力各维度得分本科以上组显著高于初中及以下组,18岁以下组显著低于其他年龄组(P0.05,P0.01);超载感得分特殊地域民兵显著高于一般地域民兵(P0.01);控制感得分有兴趣爱好民兵显著低于无兴趣爱好民兵(P0.05)。预测感与年龄、文化程度呈显著正相关,控制感、超载感与家庭内支持、家庭外支持、文化程度呈显著正相关(P0.05,P0.01)。觉察压力的影响因素是家庭外支持、文化程度、年龄,共解释总变异的12.4%。结论新疆维稳民兵觉察压力呈现出一定的年龄和文化特征;影响民兵觉察压力的多因素中,家庭外支持影响更为明显。     

民兵维稳期间应对方式、社会支持与心理应激的关系

目的探讨新疆民兵维稳期间应对方式、社会支持与心理应激间的关系,为制定维稳民兵的心理应激干预措施提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取新疆维稳民兵832名,采用简易应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表和军人心理应激自评问卷进行调查。结果 (1)民兵心理应激标准分≥70分的有21人,占2.5%。(2)干部心理应激得分显著高于普通民兵(P0.01);服役时间≥13年者得分显著高于服役时间5年和9~13年者;有灾难经历者得分显著高于无灾难经历者(P0.05);对管理态度关心者得分显著低于比较关心者和不关心者(P0.01)。(3)消极应对和家庭外支持是影响民兵心理应激的重要因素。(4)消极应对通过家庭外支持对心理应激产生间接影响,其间接效应量为0.028 8,占总效应量(0.1788)的16.1%。结论影响民兵心理应激的因素包括消极应对和家庭外支持2个,且家庭外支持影响更为显著;家庭外支持在应对方式与心理应激间具有中介作用。     

民兵维稳期间应对方式特征及影响因素

目的调查民兵在维稳期间应对方式特征及影响因素。方法随机抽取维稳民兵832例,采用简易应对方式问卷、军人心理应激自评问卷和自制一般情况问卷,对其应对方式现状进行调查,并分析其影响因素。结果 81.5%维稳民兵倾向采取积极应对方式,18.5%维稳民兵倾向采取消极应对方式。青年民兵消极应对方式得分非常显著高于党(团)员民兵(P0.01);年龄17~18岁民兵积极应对得分显著低于25~30岁、≥31岁民兵(P0.05),≥31岁民兵消极应对得分显著低于17~18、19~24、25~30岁(P0.01);大学本科及以上文化程度民兵积极应对得分显著高于初中文化程度民兵(P0.05),大学本科及以上文化程度民兵消极应对得分显著低于初中、高中及中专、大学专科民兵(P0.01);服役时间≤5 a民兵积极应对得分显著低于6~8、9~12、≥13 a民兵(P0.01),服役时间≥13 a民兵消极应对得分显著低于≤5、6~8、9~12 a民兵(P0.01)。积极应对与心理应激、服役时间呈显著负相关(P0.01);消极应对与年龄、服役时间呈显著负相关(P0.01),与心理应激、政治面貌呈显著正相关(P0.01)。心理应激、服役时间是影响维稳民兵应对方式的重要因素。结论维稳民兵倾向采用积极应对方式,并呈现出一定的政治面貌、年龄、文化和服役时间特征;心理应激、服役时间对维稳民兵应对方式具有显著预测作用。     

中西部地区留守农民生活满意度与贫困状况、社会支持的关系研究

目的了解留守农民贫困状况、社会支持与生活满意度的关系。方法采用领悟社会支持量表、生活满意度量表对792名留守农民进行测量。结果贫困留守农民生活满意度得分(17.81±3.39)低于非贫困留守农民得分(19.25±3.23)(P0.01);不同文化程度的留守农民生活满意度差异有统计学意义(P0.01),专科文化程度留守农民社会支持得分最高,为(19.76±3.06)分,明显高于小学(17.95±3.29)、初中(18.40±3.63)、高中(18.47±3.27),本科以上(18.78±3.18)高于小学(17.95±3.29)(P0.05);留守农民社会支持在贫困状况与生活满意度中起着部分中介作用(B=0.30,P0.01)。结论留守农民生活满意度与贫困状况、社会支持关系密切。贫困状况不仅直接影响生活满意度,而且通过社会支持间接影响生活满意度。     

新疆维稳民兵觉察压力、应对方式与心理应激的关系

目的探讨新疆维稳期间民兵觉察压力、应对方式与心理应激间的关系,以及两者对心理应激影响程度的大小。方法采用整群抽样法选取新疆维稳民兵832名,运用觉察压力量表、简易应对方式问卷和军人心理应激自评问卷进行调查分析。结果 (1)心理应激与消极应对、觉察压力中的预测感呈正相关(P0.05,P0.01),与控制感、超载感呈负相关(P0.01)。(2)影响维稳民兵心理应激的因素是预测感、控制感、超载感和消极应对;影响维稳民兵消极应对的因素是控制感。(3)觉察压力各维度均对心理应激有直接效应;消极应对在控制感与心理应激间有中介作用,其间接效应值为0.008,占总效应比0.148(5.7%)。结论觉察压力和消极应对是导致维稳民兵心理应激的两个重要影响因素,其中觉察压力更为明显;消极应对在控制感与心理应激间具有部分中介作用。     

戈壁地域驻训士兵职业倦怠状况及其影响因素

目的调查了解戈壁滩驻训士兵职业倦怠状况及其影响因素,为维护其心理健康提供理论依据。方法随机抽取戈壁地域驻训士兵327名进行军人职业倦怠量表和社会支持量表测评研究。结果戈壁地域驻训士兵职业倦怠各因子(除自我评价外)得分显著高于平时驻疆军人测评结果(P0.01);自我评价得分显著低于平时驻疆军人测评结果(P0.01);驻训士兵职业倦怠及其因子(除躯体化外)与社会支持及其因子、工作满意度呈显著负相关(P0.05或0.01)。影响职业倦怠因素是工作满意度、主观支持、客观支持,共解释总变异的28.3%。结论戈壁地域驻训士兵职业倦怠明显,社会支持和工作满意度是影响戈壁地域驻训士兵职业倦怠的重要因素。     

基于微信群的放松训练对维稳民兵心理健康水平的影响

目的探讨通过微信群的放松训练对维稳民兵心理健康水平的影响。方法将200名维稳民兵随机分为干预组(n=99)和对照组(n=101)。对照组正常进行维稳执勤,干预组利用微信群进行放松训练,在训练前后采用军人心理应激自评问卷、正性负性情绪量表进行测评,比较2组维稳民兵心理应激、正性负性情绪的差异。结果训练后干预组心理应激、负性情绪得分显著低于对照组(P0.01),而正性情绪得分显著高于对照组(P0.01)。干预组在训练前后心理应激、正性情绪、负性情绪得分差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而对照组训练前后心理应激、正性情绪、负性情绪得分差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。训练后干预组不同职别维稳民兵正性情绪得分显著高于对照组(P0.01),而心理应激、负性情绪得分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论通过微信群的放松训练能提高维稳民兵心理健康水平。     

不孕症女性患者心理健康状况调查分析

目的:探讨不孕症女性患者的心理状况、社会支持及生活质量现状,为改善不孕症女性患者的心理健康提供依据。方法:选取湖北省新华医院妇产科2013年1月~2014年9月收治的75例不孕症女性和75例正常对照女性,分别采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、自尊量表(SES)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和生活质量等量表等进行评定,比较两组女性患者的心理状况、社会支持及生活质量。结果:不孕症组的焦虑、抑郁、羞愧感得分均明显高于对照组(P0.01),而自尊得分则明显低于对照组(P0.01);客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度等得分均明显低于对照组(P0.01);躯体角色功能、情绪角色功能、心理功能、精力、社会功能、工作学习等维度得分均明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:不孕症女性患者存在较为严重的焦虑、抑郁、羞愧感和较低的自尊感,社会支持程度和生活质量明显下降。在不孕症治疗过程中,应重视对女性患者的心理干预治疗。     

某地应对突发事件民兵自我效能感相关因素研究

目的调查某地应对突发事件民兵自我效能感现状及其影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取某地应对突发事件民兵832名,采用一般自我效能感量表、领悟性社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷进行数据统计分析。结果某地应对突发事件民兵自我效能感得分为(26.32±3.04)分。其中,干部骨干自我效能感得分显著高于普通民兵[(26.61±3.18)vs(26.13±2.94)]。年龄20岁及以下民兵自我效能感得分显著低于21~25岁、26~30岁、31岁及以上民兵[(24.88±4.67)vs(26.22±2.74)、(26.44±2.98)、(26.50±2.94)]。服预备役时间12年及以上民兵自我效能感得分高于5年及以下、5~8年、9~12年民兵[(27.47±2.51)vs(26.08±3.21)、(26.26±2.80)、(26.37±2.14),P0.01]。影响自我效能感因素是家庭内支持、积极应对,可解释自我效能感10.3%的变异量。家庭内支持在积极应对与自我效能感间的中介效应量为0.015,占总效应(0.015+0.12=0.135)的11.1%。结论某地应对突发事件民兵自我效能感呈现出一定的人口学特征;家庭内支持在应对方式与自我效能感间具有中介作用。     

某高校研究生自我效能与社会支持、焦虑状况的相关研究

目的研究985、211工程院校研究生的自我效能与领悟社会支持、焦虑的关系,为针对性地实施干预措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计一般项目调查表、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对硕士研究生进行测评。结果测查男生状态焦虑显著高于地方常模(t=2.69,P0.01);女生状态焦虑显著高于常模组(t=4.26,P0.001),且特质焦虑也显著高于常模组(t=2.37,P0.05);测查女生在朋友支持和其他支持得分均显著高于男生得分(t=2.18,2.57,P0.05);农村籍的学生自我效能分显著高于城市籍的学生(t=1.99,P0.05);多元线性回归分析发现,特质焦虑、每月支出、家庭类型、其他支持进入自我效能分为因变量的回归方程(t=3.692,2.720,-2.036,-2.104;P0.001、P0.01和P0.05)。结论研究生的自我效能和社会支持、焦虑状态密切相关。     

Stages of change to increase fruit and vegetable intake and its relationships with fruit and vegetable intake and related psychosocial factors

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Understanding individual''s intention, action and maintenance to increase fruit and vegetable intake is an initial step in designing nutrition or health promotion programs. This study aimed to determine stages of change to increase fruit and vegetable intake and its relationships with fruit and vegetable intake, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and perceived barriers.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 348 public university staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire and two days 24-hour diet recall were used.

RESULTS

Half of the respondents (50%) were in preparation stage, followed by 43% in action/maintenance, 7% in pre-contemplation/contemplation stages. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had significantly higher self-efficacy (F = 9.17, P < 0.001) and perceived benefits (F = 5.07, P < 0.01) while respondents in pre-contemplation/contemplation and preparation stages had significantly higher perceived barriers (F = 4.83, P < 0.05). Perceived benefits tend to outweigh perceived barriers pre-ceding to taking action. Self-efficacy is important in motivating individuals to increase fruit and vegetable intake as self-efficacy and perceived barriers crossed over between preparation and action/maintenance. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had the highest adjusted mean serving of fruit and vegetable intake (F = 4.52, P < 0.05) but the intake did not meet recommendation.

CONCLUSION

Intervention strategies should emphasize on increasing perceived benefits and building self-efficacy by providing knowledge and skills to consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables in order to promote healthy changes in having high fruit and vegetable intake.     

消费者网上购药意愿及其影响因素研究基于整合信任和风险的UTAUT模型

“健康中国战略”和“互联网+医疗健康”均倡导借助互联网优势发展医药健康产业,网上药品交易是“互联网+医疗健康”的重要组成部分。为研究影响消费者网上购药意愿及影响因素,本文基于信任感知和风险感知扩展UTAUT研究模型。通过调查问卷,利用SPSS21.0和AMOS21.0进行统计分析和实证研究。研究发现:绩效期望、社会影响和信任感知对消费者网上购药意愿具有正向影响作用,努力期望对绩效期望具有显著正向影响作用,绩效期望、社会影响显著正向影响消费者的信任感知,而风险感知显著降低消费者的信任感知和网上购药意愿。因此网上药品交易服务的发展,一方面需要加强监管部门的管理,提高整体的信任水平,另一方面需要网上药品交易平台及企业创新商业模式,保障网上药店,网上药品的可靠,同时完善网上药品交易流程及服务,提高消费者网上购药体验,增加针对不同消费者的个性化药品交易服务,进而提高消费者信任感知和网上购药意愿。     

Individual and School Level Effects of Perceived Harm,Perceived Availability,and Community Size on Marijuana Use Among 12th-Grade Students: A Random Effects Model

A hierarchical linear model was used to estimate the individual and school level effects for marijuana use among a national sample of 12th-grade students. School effects were small in comparison to individual level effects, accounting for 2.9% of the variance in marijuana use. At the individual level, perceived harm, perceived availability, and their interaction were significant predictors, each of which varied randomly across schools. Among two school-level predictors, the normative environment for perceived harm was not significant, but normative perceived availability predicted level of marijuana use. The effect of perceived availability on marijuana use was stronger in larger, compared to smaller communities. Results are discussed in light of the use of random regression methods for identifying school-specific patterns of risk and protection for prevention planning.     

Parental perception of food allergy or intolerance in children under 4 years of age

The perceived prevalence of food allergy among parents of pre-school children in Ireland is unknown. An interview-assisted questionnaire was used to interview the parents of 600 children, aged 0–4 years, about food allergy. Twelve and a half per cent of the children were perceived by their parents to be food allergic. However, no instance of food allergy in children aged under 6 months was reported. Hyperactivity was the most common symptom noted, with sweets, sugary drinks and food colours being the most frequently implicated foods. Rash, the second most common symptom cited was largely associated with dairy products and eggs. Neither parental age, education, socio-economic groups or infant feeding practices affected perception of food allergy. Food allergy was diagnosed primarily by the parents themselves using simple food avoidance.     

济南市老年人自感健康状况调查及其影响因素分析

目的:了解济南市老年人自感健康状况及影响因素.方法:采用分层随机抽样方法选取样本,采用问卷调查方法,对济南市1071名65岁以上老年人进行了入户调查,并用spss17.0进行Logistjc回归模型进行统计分析.结果:1071例调查对象中,觉得现在身体健康状况很好的有143人,占13.40%,一般的有729人,占68.10%,较差的有198人,占18.50%.老年人熟悉朋友的个数、参加集体活动情况、是否患有慢性病、是否需要辅助用具为影响老年人自感健康状况的因素.结论:鼓励老年人多交朋友,积极参加集体活动对提高老年人自感健康状况有重要意义.患有慢性病和需要辅助用具会降低自感健康状况.     

患者医疗服务价格感知机理与影响因素研究

文章聚焦于患者医疗服务价格感知的影响因素及其影响机理,采用理论与实证研究方法,探寻了把握患者医疗服务价格感知影响因素的具体方法,并根据研究结果提出了以患者类型及医疗服务项目类型为维度的改善患者医疗服务感知价值的管理策略。     

基于患者感知的医疗卫生服务质量评价模型分析

在医患矛盾成为社会所关注的一个焦点问题的今天．医疗卫生服务质量成为医院管理中最重要的研究领域之一。当前，我国卫生主管机构对于卫生医疗服务质量的评价还没有统一的模型，各级各类医院在各自的考核体系中都涉及到医疗质量，但是，基本都是以诊断治疗结果为评价指标，没有很好地突出以病人为中心的理念。借鉴顾客感知服务质量管理的理念．研究基于患者感知服务质量的卫生医疗服务质量评价模型的内容指标，勾勒以病人为中心的卫生医疗服务质量的粗略模型，是改善医患关系、建立和谐就医环境非常重要的环节。     

An exploration of children's views of bed-wetting at 9 years

Background Although some empirical investigations have explored the impact of nocturnal enuresis for sufferers, little is known about how children in general understand nocturnal enuresis. This study employed a large cohort of children at 9 years, asking directly about the perceived difficulty of bed‐wetting in relation to an extensive range of life events. Method The sample comprised 8209 children, 4012 (48.9%) male and 4197 (51.1%) female who, as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children survey, completed a booklet called ‘My World’ which included a section of 21 items concerned with childhood difficulties. Results Bed‐wetting was highly endorsed as a difficulty for children, and factor analysis revealed it to be construed as a social problem. Girls were more likely to consider events of a social and emotional nature to be difficult, whereas boys rated antisocial events as more problematic. Boys and those who suffer from nocturnal enuresis were significantly more likely to view bed‐wetting as more difficult for children. Conclusion Bed‐wetting, which is construed as a social issue, tends to be rated as a major difficulty for children, increasingly so for boys and those who suffer from nocturnal enuresis.     

Individuals with Stroke Reporting Unmet Need for Occupational Therapy Following Discharge from Hospital

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and needs of individuals with stroke who report an unmet need for occupational therapy following discharge from hospital. Needs were assessed using a semi-structured interview and a survey in a sample of 209 adults hospitalized with a stroke. Participants were divided into three groups—those needing occupational therapy; those receiving occupational therapy, and those neither needing nor receiving occupational therapy. Thirteen percent (n = 28) reported an unmet need for occupational therapy and were more dependent in activities of daily living (ADL) before and after their stroke and had lower acute functional independence measure (FIM) scores than the comparison groups (p < .05). Participants with unmet needs for occupational therapy were more likely to report unmet needs related to upper extremity function, basic and instrumental ADL, leisure, assistive devices, and the resumption of social roles.