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1.
Jonathan Koo Jason Bains Marisa B. Collins Shafik Dharamsi 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2012,58(6):e330-e336
Objective
To explore the perspectives of family medicine residents and recent family medicine graduates on the research requirements and other CanMEDS scholar competencies in family practice residency training.Design
Semistructured focus groups and individual interviews.Setting
Family practice residency program at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.Participants
Convenience sample of 6 second-year family medicine residents and 6 family physicians who had graduated from the University of British Columbia family practice residency program within the previous 5 years.Methods
Two focus groups with residents and individual interviews with each of the 6 recently graduated physicians. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content.Main findings
Three themes emerged that captured key issues around research requirements in family practice training: 1) relating the scholar role to family practice, 2) realizing that scholarship is more than simply the creation or discovery of new knowledge, and 3) addressing barriers to integrating research into a clinical career.Conclusion
Creation of new medical knowledge is just one aspect of the CanMEDS scholar role, and more attention should be paid to the other competencies, including teaching, enhancing professional activities through ongoing learning, critical appraisal of information, and learning how to better contribute to the dissemination, application, and translation of knowledge. Research is valued as important, but opinions still vary as to whether a formal research study should be required in residency. Completion of residency research projects is viewed as somewhat rewarding, but with an equivocal effect on future research intentions. 相似文献2.
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4.
Brigitte Maheux Luc C?té Omobola Sobanjo Louise Authier Julie Lajeunesse Mylène Leclerc Louise Lefort 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2014,60(8):e416-e422
Objective
To determine whether graduating family physicians are exposed to collaboration between family physicians and nurse clinicians during their training, as well as their opinions about shared care between doctors and nurse clinicians in the delivery of patient care.Design
Anonymous online survey.Setting
Two French-Canadian university family medicine residency programs.Participants
The 2010 and 2011 graduating family physicians (N = 343) from the University of Montreal and Laval University in Quebec.Main outcome measures
The extent to which nurse clinicians in graduating family physicians’ training milieu were involved in preventive and curative patient care activities, and graduates’ opinions about nurse clinicians sharing care with physicians.Results
Of 343 graduates, 186 (54.2%) participated in the survey. Although as residents in family medicine their exposure to shared care with nurse clinicians was somewhat limited, respondents indicated that they were generally quite open to the idea of sharing care with nurse clinicians. More than 70% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that nurse clinicians could adjust, according to protocols of clinical guidelines, the treatment of patients with diabetes, hypertension, and asthma, as well as regulate medication for pain control in terminally ill patients. By contrast, respondents were less favourable to nurse clinicians adjusting the treatment of patients with depression. More than 80% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that nurse clinicians could initiate treatment via a medical directive for routine hormonal contraception, acne, uncomplicated cystitis, and sexually transmitted infections. Respondents’ opinions on nurse clinicians initiating treatment for pharyngitis and otitis were more divided.Conclusion
Graduating family physicians are quite open to collaborating with nurse clinicians. Although they have observed some collaboration between physicians and nurses, there are areas of shared clinical activities in which they would benefit from further exposure and training. 相似文献5.
6.
Victor K. Ng Clarissa A. Burke Archna Narula 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2013,59(9):e421-e427
Objective
To examine Canadian family medicine residents’ perspectives surrounding teaching opportunities and mentorship in teaching.Design
A 16-question online survey.Setting
Canadian family medicine residency programs.Participants
Between May and June 2011, all first- and second-year family medicine residents registered in 1 of the 17 Canadian residency programs as of September 2010 were invited to participate. A total of 568 of 2266 residents responded.Main outcome measures
Demographic characteristics, teaching opportunities during residency, and resident perceptions about teaching.Results
A total of 77.7% of family medicine residents indicated that they were either interested or highly interested in teaching as part of their future careers, and 78.9% of family medicine residents had had opportunities to teach in various settings. However, only 60.1% of respondents were aware of programs within residency intended to support residents as teachers, and 33.0% of residents had been observed during teaching encounters.Conclusion
It appears that most Canadian family medicine residents have the opportunity to teach during their residency training. Many are interested in integrating teaching as part of their future career goals. Family medicine residencies should strongly consider programs to support and further develop resident teaching skills. 相似文献7.
8.
Catherine Varner Howard Ovens Eric Letovsky Bjug Borgundvaag 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2012,58(7):e385-e389
Objective
To determine the practice settings of graduates of a residency program that leads to a Certificate of Special Competence in Emergency Medicine (CCFP[EM]).Design
Web-based survey using standard Dillman methodology.Setting
Canada.Participants
All graduates of the CCFP(EM) residency training program at the University of Toronto (U of T) in Ontario between 1982 and 2009.Main outcome measures
Practice type and location, job satisfaction, and nonclinical EM activities of graduates of a CCFP(EM) residency program.Results
Of 146 graduates surveyed, 88 responded (response rate of 60.3%). All of the respondents indicated that they had practised EM at some point after completing the CCFP(EM) program at U of T. At survey completion, 76.7% were practising EM. Of the EM-practising cohort, 93.9% worked in urban or suburban hospitals as opposed to rural settings. Those practising EM expressed high levels of job satisfaction, with 83.3% reporting a score of 8 or higher on a 10-point satisfaction scale. Most (57.0%) of the graduates of the CCFP(EM) residency program at U of T had participated in leadership activities in EM on local, provincial, or national levels.Conclusion
Most graduates of the CCFP(EM) residency program continue to practise EM, and most of them practise in urban and suburban environments. The low attrition rate of CCFP(EM) graduates should be regarded as a success of the CCFP(EM) program, and the geographic distribution of all physicians, including EM providers, warrants further study to help plan future physician resources in Canada. 相似文献9.
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Ray Deobald Peter Graham Jennifer Chad Carlo Di Gregorio Jennifer Johnstone Lloyd Balbuena Chris Kenyon Mark Lees 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2013,59(12):e558-e563
Objective
To evaluate current colorectal cancer (CRC) screening practices in Saskatchewan and identify barriers to screening with the goal of improving current practice.Design
Survey of family physicians.Setting
Saskatchewan.Participants
A total of 773 family physicians were surveyed.Main outcome measures
Demographic characteristics, individual screening practices, and perceived barriers to screening.Results
The response rate to the survey was 44.5%. When asked what method they used for fecal occult blood testing, almost 40% of respondents were either unsure or did not answer the question. Of those who did respond, 35.8% employed hemoccult testing following digital rectal examination, a practice not recommended for CRC screening. Screening guidelines for average-risk patients were generally well adhered to, with 79.9% of respondents recommending screening beginning at age 50. For screening patients at increased risk of CRC owing to family history, only 64.2% of respondents began screening 10 years before the age of the index patient at diagnosis. Physicians who were more likely to follow guidelines were female, in practice fewer than 10 years, trained in Canada, and practising in urban areas. More than 90% of family physicians agreed that a standard provincewide screening program would be beneficial.Conclusion
We have identified considerable knowledge gaps with regard to CRC screening. There is confusion about which fecal occult blood tests are recommended for screening. Also, screening guidelines for patients with a family history of CRC are poorly understood. These findings suggest that better physician education about CRC screening is required. Introduction of a provincewide screening program should improve overall screening success. 相似文献11.
Douglas Klein Alim Nagji 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2015,61(9):e412-e416
Objective
To assess the communication and interviewing skills of incoming residents and provide formative feedback to residents early in their training.Design
New residents completed a 15-minute objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessing communication skills and a 12-question, self-administered content quiz at the start of their residency. Each resident was directly observed by a family physician in the OSCE and provided with 15 minutes of structured feedback, with an opportunity for questions and discussion. The entire process remained private and did not affect summative evaluations.Setting
Family medicine residency training program at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.Participants
First-year family medicine residents.Main outcome measures
Residents’ scores on the OSCE and the content quiz; residents’ rating of the usefulness of the assessment and the likelihood it would lead to practice change.Results
A total of 61 residents (93.8%) completed the skills assessment (50 Canadian graduates, 11 international graduates). The mean score for the content quiz was 20.6 out of a total possible score of 24. Resident scores ranged from 8 to 24. The mean score on the OSCE practice interview was 21.1 out of 30, with a range of 13 to 29. Learner feedback indicated that the skills assessment was useful (4.68 out of 6) and would lead to a change in practice (4.43 out of 6).Conclusion
The introductory communication OSCE and quiz offer new residents an opportunity to gauge their baseline skill level, become aware of program expectations early in their training, and garner specific suggestions in a nonthreatening environment. This tailored approach helps orient residents while taking into account their previous experiences. 相似文献12.
Piera Jung Maggie Kennedy Mary J. Winder 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2012,58(6):e323-e329
Objective
To explore the elements necessary for a high-quality educational experience in a family practice residency program with respect to scheduling, learning environment, and approaches to teaching and learning.Design
An interpretative, qualitative study using a generative-inquiry approach.Setting
The Nanaimo Site of the University of British Columbia Family Practice Residency Program.Participants
Fifteen physician instructors and 16 first- and second-year residents.Methods
Data were gathered from 2 qualitative focus group interviews with residents; 2 qualitative focus group interviews with physician instructors; and structured and semistructured observation of 2 in-class seminars, with a focus on residents’ engagement with the class. Results were analyzed and categorized into themes independently and collectively by the researchers.Main findings
Protected block time for teaching and learning at the Nanaimo Site has been effective in fostering a learning environment that supports collegial relationships and in-depth instruction. Residents and physician instructors benefit from the week-long academic schedule and the opportunity to teach and learn collaboratively. Participants specifically value the connections among learning environment, collegiality, relationships, reflective learning, and the teaching and learning process.Conclusion
These findings suggest that strategic planning and scheduling of teaching and learning sessions in residency programs are important to promoting a comprehensive educational experience. 相似文献13.
14.
Jonathan M. Lam Geoffrey M. Anderson Peter C. Austin Susan E. Bronskill 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2012,58(11):1241-1248
Objective
To describe the characteristics and practice patterns of family physicians who regularly treat long-term care (LTC) residents in order to inform quality improvement strategies.Design
Cross-sectional study involving a 2005 province-wide census of LTC residents’ charts linked to additional health care administrative databases.Setting
All LTC homes in Ontario.Participants
Residents aged 66 years and older (n = 50375) and the family physicians (n = 1190) most responsible for their care.Main outcome measures
Distribution of LTC residents across family physicians, and physician demographic characteristics and practice patterns.Results
The distribution of residents across physicians was highly skewed (median 27 residents, mean 42.5 residents). The care of 90.4% of residents was accounted for by 628 (52.8%) identified physicians. Family physicians practising in LTC facilities were more likely to be older (mean age 52.4 years vs 48.2 years, P < .001) and male (82.4% vs 61.5%, P < .001) than other family physicians. Urban physicians who provided care to LTC residents had bigger LTC practices than rural LTC physicians did (median 50 residents vs median 12 residents).Conclusion
About 600 family physicians are responsible for the regular care of more than 90% of LTC residents in Ontario and quality improvement efforts could be aimed at this relatively small group of physicians. Half of the urban physicians who practise in LTC homes are responsible for 50 or more LTC residents. This might represent a key part of their overall practice. 相似文献15.
Vanessa Brcic Margaret J. McGregor Janusz Kaczorowski Shafik Dharamsi Serena Verma 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2012,58(5):e275-e281
Objective
To examine the remuneration model preferences of newly practising family physicians.Design
Mixed-methods study comprising a cross-sectional, Web-based survey, as well as qualitative content analysis of answers to open-ended questions.Setting
British Columbia.Participants
University of British Columbia family practice residents who graduated between 2000 and 2009.Main outcome measures
Preferred remuneration models of newly practising physicians.Results
The survey response rate was 31% (133 of 430). Of respondents, 71% (93 of 132) preferred non–fee-for-service practice models and 86% (110 of 132) identified the payment model as very or somewhat important in their choice of future practice. Three principal themes were identified from content analysis of respondents’ open-ended comments: frustrations with fee-for-service billing, which encompassed issues related to aggravations with “the business side of things” and was seen as impeding “the freedom to focus on medicine”; quality of patient care, which embraced the importance of a payment model that supported “comprehensive patient care” and “quality rather than quantity”; and freedom to choose, which supported the plurality of practice preferences among providers who strived to provide quality care for patients, “whatever model you happen to be working in.”Conclusion
Newly practising physicians in British Columbia preferred alternatives to fee-for-service payment models, which were perceived as contributing to fewer frustrations with billing systems, improved quality of work life, and better quality of patient care. 相似文献16.
17.
Woloschuk W Wright B McLaughlin K 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2011,57(1):e26-e30
Objective
To compare the academic performance of students who entered family medicine residency programs with that of students who entered other disciplines and discern whether or not family physicians are as academically talented as their colleagues in other specialties.Design
Retrospective quantitative study.Setting
University of Calgary in Alberta.Participants
Three graduating classes of students (2004 to 2006) from the University of Calgary medical school.Main outcome measures
Student performance on various undergraduate certifying examinations in years 1, 2, and 3, along with third-year in-training evaluation reports and total score on the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination Part I.Results
Complete data were available for 99% of graduates (N = 295). In the analysis, residency program (family medicine [n = 96] versus non–family medicine [n = 199]) served as the independent variable. Using a 1-way multivariate ANOVA (analysis of variance), no significant difference among any of the mean performance scores was observed (F5289 = 1.73, P > .05). Students who entered family medicine were also well represented within the top 10 rankings of the various performance measures.Conclusion
The academic performance of students who pursued careers in family medicine did not differ from that of students who chose other specialties. Unfounded negativity toward family medicine has important societal implications, especially at a time when the gap between the number of family physicians and patients seeking primary care services appears to be widening. 相似文献18.
Jorgenson D Muller A Whelan AM Buxton K 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2011,57(9):e341-e346
Objective
To determine the percentage of family medicine residency programs that have pharmacists directly involved in teaching residents, the types and extent of teaching provided by pharmacists in family medicine residency programs, and the primary source of funding for the pharmacists.Design
Web-based survey.Setting
One hundred fifty-eight resident training sites within the 17 family medicine residency programs in Canada.Participants
One hundred residency program directors who were responsible for overseeing the training sites within the residency programs were contacted to determine the percentage of training sites in which pharmacists were directly involved in teaching. Pharmacists who were identified by the residency directors were invited to participate in the Web-based survey.Main outcome measures
The percentage of training sites for family medicine residency that have pharmacists directly involved in teaching residents. The types and the extent of teaching performed by the pharmacists who teach in the residency programs. The primary source of funding that supports the pharmacists’ salaries.Results
More than a quarter (25.3%) of family medicine residency training sites include direct involvement of pharmacist teachers. Pharmacist teachers reported that they spend a substantial amount of their time teaching residents using a range of teaching modalities and topics, but have no formal pharmacotherapy curriculums. Nearly a quarter (22.6%) of the pharmacists reported that their salaries were primarily funded by the residency programs.Conclusion
Pharmacists have a role in training family medicine residents. This is a good opportunity for family medicine residents to learn about issues related to pharmacotherapy; however, the role of pharmacists as educators might be optimized if standardized teaching methods, curriculums, and evaluation plans were in place. 相似文献19.
Paul Dhillon 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2013,59(9):e406-e412
Objective
To summarize current options for postgraduate third-year programs in family medicine in Canada and compile current controversies about the expanding number of programs available and the trend toward subspecialization in family medicine.Design
A literature search was conducted by the Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region Library research staff for Canadian family medicine fellowships and residency programs using MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from the beginning of 2005 to September 1, 2011. All available websites for programs offering third-year options were reviewed.Setting
Canadian family medicine residency programs.Methods
A list of current third-year residency programs was generated from the Canadian Post-MD Education Registry. In addition, the current Canadian Resident Matching Service website was reviewed, along with every program-specific website, for current third-year programs offered.Main findings
More than 30 different options for third-year residency programs are available, including a number of community-influenced and resident-directed enhanced-skills programs. In 2010 to 2011 there were 237 postgraduate third-year family medicine residents compared with 128 in 2010 to 2011, an increase of 109 positions.Conclusion
Controversies over the benefits to the patient population, the practice patterns of third-year residency graduates, and the influence of a subspecialty trend against a stated goal of comprehensive family medicine continue to exist, while the number of available third-year residency options continues to expand. 相似文献20.
Miedema B Tatemichi S Hamilton R Lambert-Lanning A Lemire F Manca DP Ramsden VR 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2011,57(12):1424-1431