晚期鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌12例临床分析

目的总结原发于鼻腔鼻窦的晚期腺样囊性癌(ACC)的临床特征,探讨切缘病检结果以及复发或转移与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析12例晚期鼻腔鼻窦ACC患者的临床资料、治疗方法及预后。其中T3和T4期病变患者各6例,均无局部淋巴结及全身转移。首次治疗均以手术为主,9例联合术后放疗,4例联合化疗,复发及转移的治疗方式各异,仍以再手术为主。结果在20次首发及复发病灶的手术中,切缘阳性率高(75%,15/20),切缘阳性者生存时间最长达32年;随访期间局部复发7例(2例合并远处转移),单纯远处转移1例,局部复发并远处转移患者最长生存达32年。结论晚期鼻腔鼻窦ACC手术切缘阳性率高,局部复发率高,但局部复发或远处转移后仍能带瘤生存较长时间,在行根治性手术以及复发或转移治疗决策时应充分考虑患者的生存质量。     

复发性鼻腔及鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤的治疗

目的 探讨鼻腔及鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤复发的原因和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1993～2003年我科收治的11例复发性鼻腔及鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料.结果 临床误诊或误治引起的复发患者4例,病理明确手术治疗后复发7例,其中5例为单纯手术后复发,2例为手术加术后放疗后复发.11例复发病例中,局部复发局限于鼻腔及鼻窦7例;局部复发侵犯眼眶、颅底、软腭及硬腭1例;局部复发侵犯腮腺和皮肤1例;面部、眼眶及颅底广泛侵犯者1例;颈部淋巴结转移复发1例.首次复发时间最短为治疗后10个月.所有病例再次手术治疗后的累积生存率为:1年生存率72.7%,2年生存率18.2%,3年生存率9.1%.结论 减少误诊,选择适当的治疗方法是提高复发性鼻腔及鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤治愈的主要手段.     

鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌40例临床分析

目的 总结鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的临床特点及治疗方法,对其预后及影响因素进行分析.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1994-2003年40例鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌患者临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验分析其生存率、复发及远处转移特点.结果 鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌原发于上颌窦者最多见,占80%.全部患者5年及10年生存率分别为76.9%和61.6%;5年和10年的无瘤生存率分别为44.2%和23.0%.5年复发率及远处转移率分别为45.0%和23.0%.肺转移是远处转移的主要方式,远处转移的出现和生存率下降密切相关(χ2=7.26,P=0.007).术前放疗患者远处转移发生率(18.2%)低于术后放疗者(38.9%),但差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.37,P=0.24).对复发患者采取以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,复发后5年生存率为60.0%.结论 远处转移可能是影响患者预后的重要因素;手术+放疗的综合治疗是治疗腺样囊性癌的主要治疗方式,放疗在鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的治疗中有重要作用;积极采取以手术为主的综合治疗方式,可有效延长复发患者的生存期,提高生存率.     

鼻内镜或鼻内镜辅助手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤116例临床分析

目的观察鼻内镜手术治疗鼻腔-鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年1月~2008年1月接受鼻内镜手术治疗的鼻腔-鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者临床资料。其中单纯鼻内镜手术80例,鼻内镜联合改良Caldwell-Luc术式33例,鼻内镜联合鼻侧切开术式3例。术后随访6~12年。结果所有病例均经术后病理证实为鼻腔-鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤,其中5例发生恶变。随访结果显示,术后复发14例(12.06%),包括Ⅱ级5例(5/62,8.06%)、Ⅲ级8例(8/27,29.63%)、Ⅳ级1例(1/6,16.67%)。结论应根据病变的原发部位及其侵及范围采取恰当的手术方式以提高治愈率,减少复发。     

鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤32例分析

本文报告32例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状癌．其中31例发生在单侧鼻腔，1例发生在双侧．以鼻堵．血涕为主要症状．鼻腔内切除肿物19例．复发11例．复发率为58%．鼻侧切开11例．复发5例．复发率45%．1例曾手术7次仍复发．癌变3例．认为鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状癌在组织结构上虽属良性，但具有旺盛生长力，易破坏周围组织和骨质．术后复发．且有恶性变倾向．因此对本病应重视．手术方式以鼻测切开为佳．术后应严密观察．     

鼻内镜下手术治疗鼻腔及鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻腔及鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤切除术的治疗效果及其复发的防治。方法16例鼻腔及鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者实施鼻内镜手术,术中、术后局部用抗肿瘤药5-氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)冲洗及贴敷。结果16例病人随访8个月￣42个月,1例术后30个月复发,其他15例未见复发,全部病例无并发症出现。结论鼻内镜下手术治疗鼻腔及鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤具有效果好、复发率低、面部不留瘢痕等优点。     

鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤细胞凋亡的临床意义

目的探讨肿瘤细胞自发性凋亡与鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤临床病理参数及预后的关系,为临床判断预后提供依据。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院1991~2000年收治的48例原发性鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤患者。所有患者均进行根治性手术,44例术后均行放疗,其中2例加行化疗。所有患者均随访3年以上,25例健在无肿瘤复发(52.1%);3例肿瘤复发或远处转移带瘤生存(6.3%);2例死于其他疾病(4.2%);14例死于原发病(29.2%),4例失访(8.3%),按死于原发病局部复发计算。TUNEL结合PI及HE染色检测肿瘤细胞自发性凋亡情况。Log-rank进行生存率的比较,Cox回归进行影响患者预后的多因素分析,以P<0.05为有统计学意义。结果48例肿瘤标本中44例(91.67%)发现凋亡细胞,早期肿瘤(T1、T2)凋亡指数高于晚期(T3、T4),两者比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以AI中位数2为界将48例鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤分为高AI(AI≥2)和低AI组(AI<2),高AI组(AI≥2)总生存率、无瘤生存率和局部控制率均高于低AI组(P<0.05)。结论细胞凋亡可能参与了鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤的发生和发展。临床检测肿瘤治疗前的凋亡指数有可能成为临床上用来筛选具有高复发和死亡风险性的鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤患者的生物学指标。     

鼻内窥镜加柯-陆氏手术治疗鼻内翻性乳头状瘤

目的探讨彻底治疗鼻内翻性乳头状瘤,降低术后复发率的手术方法.方法治疗临床及病理确诊为内翻性乳头状瘤31例,其中10例有1～2次前期经鼻或经上颌窦前壁(Caldwell-LUC 术式)的手术史.经前鼻孔镜,鼻内窥镜检查和CT检查,见肿瘤侵及鼻腔、中鼻甲、中鼻道、上颌窦、筛窦26例;侵及鼻腔、筛窦、上颌窦、蝶窦5例.31例在鼻窦镜下行鼻腔、中鼻甲、筛窦、蝶窦肿瘤切除术,用柯-陆氏术式清理上颌窦肿瘤及残余鼻腔外侧壁肿瘤组织.随访1年至1年6个月.结果31例中2例复发,复发率6.43%,复发2例,经再次手术,随访1年无复发.结论对于鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤侵及鼻腔鼻窦,尤其是上颌窦同时受侵者,应用鼻内窥镜加柯-陆氏术式辅以电刀或微波处理创面,鸦蛋子油纱条填塞术腔,可减少肿瘤复发.     

鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的外科治疗

目的 :总结鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤外科治疗经验。方法 :收集自 1976年 2月至 1997年 10月间行外科治疗的 2 6例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。结果 :2 6例鼻腔鼻窦乳头状瘤中 8例有癌变 ,癌变率为 30 .8%。均行外科治疗。随访 2～ 5年局部复发 5例 ,其中 3例死亡 (均为乳头状瘤合并有癌变者 )。局部复发率为 19.2 % (5 / 2 6 )。结论 :术中连同上颌骨内壁切除及筛窦整块切除是治疗该病的最佳方法 ,内窥镜鼻窦切除术适用于局限性病变。     

鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤17例临床分析

目的探讨鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤的诊断和治疗,提高本病的诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析1980年3月-2011年6月收治的17例鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤的临床资料,分析其临床病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后。结果患者的主要症状为单侧鼻塞,涕中带血,头痛;病灶位于鼻腔外侧壁和鼻中隔。17例患者中1例放弃治疗,2例行单纯放疗,14例行手术治疗,3、5年生存率分别为36．4％和22．2％。患者死亡原因为局部复发和远处转移。结论鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤恶性程度高,易复发和转移,预后差,临床上尽早确诊。广泛彻底手术切除肿瘤,并辅以放疗、化疗、免疫治疗等综合治疗,是提高本病生存率的关键。     

Epidemiologic analysis of 72 carcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to define the epidemiological aspects of carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinusesMaterial and methodsWe performed a retrospective study of 72 carcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Various sites, age and sex distribution, drug consumption, TNM stage grouping and treatment were reported.ResultsThe average age was 63. Seventy- five percent of patients (54/72) were male and 25% (18/72) female. The site of origin was paranasal sinuses in 46 patients (64%), 30 in ethmoid sinus, 15 in maxillary sinus and 1 in sphenoid sinus. Twenty-six patients (36%) were located in nasal cavity.Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type in both localizations. The 5-yea adjusted survival rate for all patients was 60% (IC: 54-66), 36% (IC: 28-44) for paranasal sinus carcinoma and 86% (IC: 79-93) for nasal cavity carcinoma. The 5-year adjusted survival rate according to the T distribution in 46 carcinomas paranasal sinus was 80% T2, 71% T3, 19% T4a and 6% T4b.(p=0.0002).ConclusionsCarcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses represent a group of tumors that differ from the rest of carcinomas of the head and neck.     

鼻腔腺样囊性癌42例临床分析

目的:探讨鼻腔腺样囊性癌的临床特点、治疗方法、预后以及影响预后的因素.方法:回顾分析42例鼻腔腺样囊性癌的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验模型进行生存分析和预后因素检验.结果:总5、10、15、20年累积生存率和无瘤生存率分别为88.1%、54.4%、35.4%、35.4%和60.0%、5...     

鼻腔鼻窦非肠型腺癌6例临床分析

目的 以临床病例结合文献分析原发性鼻腔鼻窦非肠型腺癌（non-ITAC）的临床特性和病理免疫学特征,以期给临床医生在今后的诊疗中提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2014—2020年于北京协和医院经手术病理确诊的6例鼻腔鼻窦non-ITAC患者的临床资料和影像学、病理免疫学特点。结果 6例患者中男4例,女2例,年龄29~72岁,平均年龄54.8岁,其中4例为高级别non-ITAC,2例为低级别non-ITAC。临床表现以涕中或痰中带血、鼻塞等为主。4例男性均有吸烟史,其中1例工作中接触木屑较多。治疗方案为手术或术后加放疗或放/化疗。免疫组化结果：6例患者CK7均为阳性,其中4例患者P63为阴性;4例高级别non-ITAC患者Ki-67增殖指数为60%~90%,低级别non-ITAC患者Ki-67增殖指数1%~2%。随访至今,1例患者因肺转移死亡,其余患者均未有复发或转移。结论 鼻腔鼻窦non-ITAC患者临床表现及影像学对诊断有重要意义,病理免疫学对分级、治疗方案和预后有指导作用。     

Failure patterns and prognostic factors of patients with primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Objectives: To analyse the failure patterns and prognostic factors influencing survival in patients with primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Materials and methods: Fifty-one patients were analysed retrospectively. Forty-eight, 33, 10, and 13 patients underwent surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, respectively. Failure events, including local recurrence, regional relapse, distant metastases, and death, were examined.

Results: During follow-up (median: 59.0 months), 36 patients experienced failure after treatment, including local (n?=?17), regional (n?=?8), and distant organ (n?=?23) metastases. The median failure times for local, regional, and distant metastases were 13.0, 14.0, and 8.0 months, respectively. The median survival times from local, regional, and distant failure to death were 10.5, 8.0, and 4.0 months, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with and without distant organ metastases were 14.4% and 72.6%, respectively (p?Conclusions: Distant metastasis was mainly owing to failure. Radiotherapy and the disease stage were prognostic factors for survival.     

原发性鼻黏膜及口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤患者的预后因素分析

目的:总结手术治疗的原发性鼻黏膜及口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床特点及生存状况,探讨影响其预后的主要因素。方法:回顾性分析1980-01-2005-01期间66例原发性鼻黏膜及口腔黏膜的恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料,复习病历并进行随访。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素分析采用Cox模型。结果:66例患者中,37例行术后辅助治疗,包括化疗12例,生物治疗8例,化疗加生物治疗5例,放疗8例,放疗加化疗4例。15例(22.7%)首次治疗后6个月内原发灶复发或伴淋巴结转移或远处转移。10例(15.2%)出现远处转移。平均生存时间为77.9个月,中位生存时间为33.7个月,3年和5年累积生存率分别为41.4%和31.1%。多因素分析显示:肿瘤最长径、有无淋巴结转移、首次治疗效果是影响预后的独立因素。结论:原发性鼻黏膜及口腔黏膜的恶性黑色素瘤预后较差,生存率较低,局部复发率较高,且容易出现淋巴结转移及远处转移。影响预后的独立因素是肿瘤大小、有无淋巴结转移和首次治疗效果。关于术后辅助治疗的作用仍需进一步研究。     

鼻腔鼻窦孤立性纤维性肿瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨发生于鼻腔鼻窦的孤立性纤维性肿瘤（SFT）的临床诊治经验。方法 结合1例鼻腔及鼻窦SFT患者的病例资料,并回顾性分析国内外文献,对SFT的临床特点、诊断与治疗进行讨论。本例患者术前CT提示：左侧鼻腔鼻窦肿物性质不明,鼻腔息肉可能。予以鼻腔新生物活检后鼻腔出血量大,随即全麻下行鼻内镜左侧鼻腔鼻窦新生物切除术,并给予止血、填塞等对症处理。结果 术后病理证实为鼻腔、鼻窦肿物符合SFT。患者恢复良好,术后半年复查未见复发。结论 SFT是一类好发于胸膜的间叶性肿瘤,但发生于鼻腔鼻窦的非常少见。影像学对于鼻腔鼻窦新生物的诊断只有辅助性意义,临床医生需要结合患者病史、临床表现、病理检查结果正确诊断与治疗。     

鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌88例临床分析

目的 总结鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的临床特征和治疗方法,探讨影响鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌患者预后的因素.方法 总结中山大学肿瘤防治中心头颈外科1975年11月至2003年8月收治的88例原发于鼻腔鼻窦的腺样囊性癌患者的临床及病理资料,回顾性分析单纯手术、单纯放疗与放疗结合手术、化疗等治疗方式的疗效.对其治疗与预后进行统计分析.生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,组间比较采用Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险模型.结果 就诊时56例鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌患者为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期病变,治疗多采用手术+放疗.全组患者的5年、10年、15年生存率分别为0.640、0.341、0.190;Ⅲ期患者的5年、10年生存率分别为0.833、0.221;Ⅳ期患者的5年、10年生存率分别为0.323、0.145.手术+放疗组、单纯手术组及单纯放疗组的5年、10年生存率分别为0.761、0.415,0.750、0.367,0.286、0.143.结论 鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的治疗应以综合治疗为主,临床分期及治疗方式是影响鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌患者预后的独立因素.     

Definitive re-irradiation using intensity-modulated radiation therapy in cancers of the head and neck,focusing on rare tumors

Purpose: To analyze the outcomes following re-irradiation for local recurrence of rare head and neck tumors.

Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 11 patients who had received intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for recurrent tumors in the head and neck except for laryngopharynx.

Results: Primary tumor sites included the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, and external ear canal in six, three, and two patients, respectively. The median follow-up times were 13 (range, 3–54) months. The median survival time was 17 months with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 63.64 and 39.77%, respectively. Among 11 patients, five experienced local failure in the follow-up period. The 1- and 2-year local control rates were 58 and 47%, respectively. Patients who had received a radiation dose of ≥3?Gy per fraction showed significantly better local control than those receiving less (p?=?.0419). One patient experienced Grade 3 facial pain as acute toxicity. Late toxicities included radiographic findings of partial central nervous system necrosis in three patients and Grade 3 osteonecrosis and Grade 3 facial nerve disorder in one patient.

Conclusions: Re-irradiation of rare head and neck tumors using IMRT for loco-regional recurrence may be an acceptable treatment option.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract: treatment results

OBJECTIVES: Malignancies arising from the sinonasal tract, which includes the nose, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx, are uncommon. Although adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common cancer occurring in the sinonasal tract, only few studies have been reported. This retrospective review was performed to identify the clinical features and treatment outcomes of sinonasal ACC. METHODS: Thirty-five patients diagnosed and treated for ACC of the sinonasal tract were included in this study. Medical records, radiographs, and pathologic slides were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In two thirds of the patients, the maxillary sinus was the site of origin and cribriform was the most common histologic subtype (61%). Seventy-one percent of the patients had advanced disease (T3, T4) at the time of diagnosis. Five-year overall survival rate was 86% and treatment failure occurred in 18 patients (51%). Five-year local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate were 30% and 25%, respectively. Adjunctive radiotherapy appeared to reduce local recurrence. Presence of distant metastasis correlated with decreased 5-year survival (P = .001). Five-year survival rate after development of distant metastasis or local recurrence were 17% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we suggest that sinonasal ACC be treated by a combined modality of radical surgery followed by postoperative radiation. The prognosis of sinonasal ACC seems to be determined by the presence of distant metastasis.     

The efficacy of superselective intra-arterial infusion with concomitant radiotherapy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Conclusions: Superselective intra-arterial cisplatin infusion with concomitant radiotherapy (RADPLAT) is considered to be one of the treatments of choice for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) who prefer not to undergo radical surgery. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of RADPLAT for patients with ACC of the head and neck. Patients and methods: Between 2001–2010, nine patients with untreated ACC were given superselective intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin (100–120 mg/m²/week) with simultaneous intravenous infusion of thiosulfate to neutralize cisplatin toxicity and radiotherapy (65-70 Gy). Results: Five patients had tumors arising in the base of the tongue, two in the maxillary sinus, and the remaining two in the nasopharynx. The median follow-up period was 9 years 7 months (9;7) (range = 4;6–12;5), and the 5-year local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival rates were 88.9%, 88.9%, and 55.6%, respectively. The 10-year OS rate was 57.1%, but all patients who remained alive for over 10 years are still alive with disease. Primary tumor recurrence was observed in five of the nine patients, with the median time to recurrence being 6 years (range = 4–9 years). Five of the nine patients had distant metastasis, and of these three patients also had primary recurrence.