尼尔雌醇对去卵巢大鼠胫骨作用的研究

目的 了解卵巢切除（ＯＶＸ）大鼠胫骨对雌激素治疗的反应。方法 将３３只雌性大鼠随机分成３组,每组１１只：ＯＶＸ组、对照组和治疗组。对ＯＶＸ组与治疗组大鼠行ＯＶＸ手术,建立骨质疏松动物模型,治疗组于ＯＶＸ术后１个月予尼尔柴醇喂养,药物喂养３个月后处死,用骨形态计量学方法检测ＯＶＸ大鼠左后肢胫骨干骺端对纪尔雌醇治疗的反应。结果 ＯＶＸ组大鼠骨小梁体积小、平均骨小梁宽度、平均骨小梁密度和皮质骨平均厚度（     

对氯烯雌酚醚防治雌性大鼠去势后骨丢失的评价

目的：了解氯烯雌酚醚对去势雌性大鼠骨代谢的影响。方法：鼠龄７０天的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌鼠４８只，分别予假性手术与注射用油（ＳＶ组）、去势与注射用油（ＯＶ组）、假性手术与氯烯雌酚醚（ＳＥ组）及去势与氯烯雌酚醚（ＯＥ组）等处理，双侧卵巢去势或假性手术后７天，于每晚腹腔注射氯烯雌酚醚或注射用油４ｍｌ／ｋｇ，共４５天。处死大鼠时，测定子宫湿重，同时收集第１２胸椎和左胫骨制成脱钙骨切片，行骨组织形态计量学测定。结果：４组间子宫重量差异均有显著性。骨组织形态计量学显示，（１）ＯＶ与ＳＶ、ＳＥ及ＯＥ组间差异有显著性；（２）ＯＥ、ＳＥ和ＳＶ组间差异无显著性。结论：氯烯雌酚醚能抑制Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌鼠去势后的骨丢失，减缓去势后的子宫萎缩，对骨骼有雌激素样的保护作用。     

青心酮对妊高征患者胎盘血管壁一氧化氮合成酶和血浆内皮素的影响

目的：观察青心酮（３，４二羟基苯乙酮，ＤＨＡＰ）对妊高征（ＰＩＨ）患者胎盘血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）和平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）内一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）活性和血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）水平的影响。方法：将２２例ＰＩＨ患者随机分为妊高征组和ＤＨＡＰ治疗组（ＤＨＡＰ每天１６０～２４０ｍｇ），同时取１０例非妊娠妇女（对照组）及１０例正常妊娠妇女（正常妊娠组）作对照。于给药前或（和）剖宫产前采外周静脉血，分离血浆，采用放射免疫法测定ＥＴ；取新鲜胎盘行组织化学分析。结果：正常妊娠组胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内ＮＯＳ活性较高，而妊高征组相应细胞内ＮＯＳ活性明显减弱，并伴有组织和细胞的形态学损伤；ＤＨＡＰ治疗组ＮＯＳ活性较治疗前或未经ＤＨＡＰ治疗的ＰＩＨ患者明显增加，其组织和细胞损伤也减轻；正常妊娠组血浆ＥＴ水平高于对照组而妊高征组血浆ＥＴ水平又高于正常妊娠组，ＤＨＡＰ治疗组血浆ＥＴ水平明显低于妊高征组。结论：ＤＨＡＰ可纠正病理性一氧化氮／内皮素失衡，对改善孕妇及胎儿血液循环有重要作用。     

妊高征患者血浆内皮素、过氧化脂质和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化

目的：探讨内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）在妊高征发病中的作用。方法：分别用放射免疫法、硫代巴比妥酸荧光微量法和邻苯二酚自氧化法，测定９５例妇女血浆ＥＴ－１、ＬＰＯ和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ）的活性。其中正常非妊娠妇女１５例（对照组），正常晚期妊娠妇女２０例（正常妊娠组），妊高征患者６０例（妊高征组）。结果：（１）正常妊娠组血浆ＥＴ－１、ＬＰＯ和ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ活性均高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），但ＬＰＯ／ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ比值差异无显著性；（２）妊高征组的ＥＴ－１和ＬＰＯ／ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ比值显著高于正常妊娠组，且随病情的加重而升高，产后３～７天迅速下降；（３）妊高征组的ＥＴ－１和ＬＰＯ／ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ比值呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８４６，Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：提示机体内氧化和抗氧化平衡失调与内皮细胞损伤，在妊高征发病过程中起重要作用。     

腺病毒介导胸苷激酶基因治疗卵巢癌的动物试验研究

目的：探讨腺病毒介导Ｒｏｕｓ肉瘤病毒驱动的单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶（ＡＤＶ／ＲＳＶ－ｔｋ）基因人氧鸟苷（ＧＣＶ）治疗卵巢癌的有效性和毒性，方法：首先以卵巢浆液性腺癌细胞系Ｏｖ－ｃａ－２７７４建立荷人卵巢癌裸鼠腹水瘤模型，再分别单用ＡＤＶ／ＲＳＫ－ｔｋ或ＧＣＶ（单药组）或联合应用ＡＤＶ／ＲＳＫ－ｔｋ及ＧＣＶ（联合用药组）进行治疗，观察空白对照组，单药组及联合用药级裸鼠的平均生存时间及药物毒怀，结果：单药     

四环素-雌酮和雌酮作用去势大鼠的骨形态计量学对照研究

目的比较四环素－雌酮和雌酮对卵巢切除（ＯＶＸ）大鼠股骨远端骨干骨形态参数的影响。方法２０只雌性大鼠随机分成４组,每组５只：四环素－雌酮治疗组、雌酮治疗组、ＯＶＸ组和假手术组,建立ＯＶＸ大鼠骨质疏松动物模型,药物喂养１３周后处死,用骨形态计量学方法研究四环素－雌酮和雌酮对骨形态和动力学参数的影响。结果与假手术组相比,四环素－雌酮组和雌酮组骨小梁的连接性均明显地高于假手术组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。与ＯＶＸ组相比,四环素－雌酮和雌酮组四环素标记表面和类骨质表面均明显增加,四环素－雌酮组的结果又明显高于雌酮组,更明显高于其它两组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论四环素－雌酮和雌酮可以明显地加强骨小梁的连接性,四环素－雌酮提高骨激活频率的作用优于雌酮。     

雌激素对去势兔血脂、内皮素及动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

目的 探讨雌激素对卵巢切除（ＯＶＸ）的去势兔的血脂、内皮素、动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响。方法 将４５只３月龄雌兔随机分为５组,每组９只,Ａ组为正常对照,Ｂ组为假手术＋胆固醇饮食,Ｃ组为ＯＶＸ＋胆固醇饮食,Ｄ组为ＯＶＸ＋胆固醇饮食＋苯甲酸雌二醇,Ｅ组为ＯＶＸ＋胆固醇饮食＋戊酸雌二醇。喂养１２周后取血,分别测定血脂、内皮素,处死动物并留取主动脉标本测量动脉粥样硬化斑块的面积。结果 ⑴Ｄ组和Ｅ组总胆固醇     

体外受精周期中应用长效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗多囊卵巢综合征

目的：观察长效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（ＧｎＲＨ－ａ）治疗多囊卵巢综合征（ＰＣＯＳ）的疗效。方法：在体外受精－胚胎移植（ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ）周期中，应用长效ＧｎＲＨ－ａ（ｄｅｃａｐｅｐｔｙｌ，Ｆｅｒｉｎｇ）及促性腺激素（Ｇｎ）治疗２６例顽固性ＰＣＯＳ患者（Ｄｅｃａｐｅｐｔｙｌ组），并与其中前次常规ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ方案治疗的１９例（非Ｄｅｃａｐｅｐｔｙｌ组）进行比较。结果：（１）Ｄｅｃａｐｅｐｔｙｌ组受精率和妊娠率分别为７６．２％和３８．５％，明显高于非Ｄｅｃａｐｅｐｔｙｌ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）Ｄｅｃａｐｅｐｔｙｌ组用药２周后，子宫内膜厚度及卵巢面积明显缩小，用药第４周时，达最小值。（３）Ｄｅｃａｐｅｐｔｙｌ组黄体生成素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡激素、睾酮、雌二醇在用药１周后开始下降，至用药第４周达早卵泡期水平。结论：对在应用常规ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ周期或外源性促性腺激素治疗过程中，发生卵巢过度刺激综合征或过早ＬＨ峰，以及使用外源性Ｇｎ６个周期无受孕的ＰＣＯＳ患者，长效ＧｎＲＨ－ａ联合Ｇｎ超排卵，是较好的方案。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者肾素—血管紧张素系统的改变

目的：探讨肾素－血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）在多囊卵巢综合征（ＰＣＯＳ）的病理生理学和临床并发症中的作用。方法：对黄体生成素（ＬＨ）／卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）≥３的１５例患者（Ⅰ型组）、ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ＜３的１５例患者（Ⅱ型组）以及２０例正常妇女（对照组），进行黄体生成素释放激素（ＬＲＨ，１００μｇ）兴奋垂体－卵巢轴功能试验，观察３组ＲＡＳ中血肾素活性（ＰＲＡ）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）和醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）浓度的变化。结果：基础状态下，整个患者组的睾酮（Ｔ）与ＡＴⅡ呈显著性相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＬＲＨ兴奋试验后ＬＨ、ＰＲＡ、ＡＴⅡ和ＡＬＤ的反应浓度是Ⅰ型组＞Ⅱ型组＞对照组，且患者组的ＬＨ和ＡＴⅡ的峰值浓度呈显著性相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＰＣＯＳ有ＲＡＳ功能亢进现象，尤其是Ⅰ型组患者；ＲＡＳ参与ＰＣＯＳ的雄激素过多和生殖功能障碍，并与卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生有关。     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的骨形态计量学及组织 …

目的 了解大鼠卵巢性激素缺乏致骨丢失的组织学改变以及四种不同雌激素制剂对其的影响。方法 将５０只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为６组,去势且（９只）在去势手术后３周处死大鼠;对照组（９只）开腹后关腹;去势＋利维爱组、去势＋盖福润组、去势＋倍美力组、去势＋维尼安组（各８只）在去势手术后３周予相应的药物治疗,术后６周（药物治疗后３周）处死各组大鼠,进行骨形态计量学、骨密度（ＢＭＤ）测定,并行病理及电镜下观察。结果 （     

去卵巢山羊腰椎骨计量学指标的变化

目的　探讨用山羊制作绝经后骨质疏松动物模型的可行性。方法　切除山羊的双侧卵巢 (OVX) ,制备腰椎不脱钙骨切片 ,应用骨组织形态计量学方法 ,观察正常对照组 (3只 ,无手术处理 )、假手术组 (3只 ,开腹后缝合切口 )、OVX术后 6个月组 (4只 )、术后 18个月组 (5只 )腰椎骨计量学指标的变化。结果　OVX术后 6、18个月组的骨小梁体积占全部骨组织体积的百分比 [(7 9± 1 7)与 (5 8± 0 7) % ]、骨小梁体积占海绵骨体积的百分比 [(12 7± 1 8)与 (9 9± 0 6 ) % ]、平均骨小梁板密度 [(1 0± 0 2 )与 (1 1± 1 1)个 /mm]显著减少 (P <0 0 1) ;平均骨小梁板厚度 [(12 9± 4 5 )与 (95± 15 ) μm]也显著减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ;骨小梁表面和体积之比 [(16 6± 4 6 )与 (2 1 4± 3 1)mm2 /mm3 ]与平均骨小梁板间隙 [(10 0 4± 2 33)与 (95 3± 10 3) μm]则显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ;四环素单标记、双标记、1/ 2单标记与双标记表面之和占全部骨小梁表面的百分比 [(19 5± 3 8)与 (17 5± 1 0 ) %、(16 4± 3 3)与 (13 9± 2 5 ) %、(2 6 2± 5 1)与 (2 2 7± 2 9) % ],平均类骨质宽度 [(11 6± 1 1)与(12 0± 1 0 ) μm]、骨矿化延迟时间 [(2 3 6± 8 2 )与 (2 3 0± 6 1)d]、组织水平的骨形成速率     

雌激素、三苯氧胺与氟化物配伍预防去势大鼠骨丢失的研究

目的　比较三苯氧胺与雌激素对骨代谢的影响 ,及两者与氟化物配伍后是否产生协同效果。方法　将 142只 6月龄雌性SD大鼠行去势手术或假手术后随机分为 7组 (每组 19～ 2 1只 ) :(1)假手术组 ;(2 )去势组 ;(3)雌激素组 ;(4 )氟化物组 ;(5 )雌激素 +氟化物组 ;(6 )三苯氧胺组 ;(7)三苯氧胺 +氟化物组。治疗 12个月 ,行骨密度、腰椎骨组织形态计量学参数 (不脱钙骨切片 )、右股骨中段三点弯曲试验观察 ,并行子宫病理及血脂检查。结果　 (1)术后 12个月时 ,全身骨密度去势组为2 79mg/cm2 、治疗组为 2 86～ 2 98mg/cm2 ,腰椎骨密度分别为 2 32mg/cm2 、2 5 1～ 2 6 6mg/cm2 (P均<0 0 5 ) ;股骨中段骨密度 ,雌激素组 2 16mg/cm2 ,明显高于三苯氧胺组 195mg/cm2 (P <0 0 5 ) ;配伍治疗组与单药治疗组无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 (2 )术后 4个月 ,两个配伍治疗组最大载荷 (均为 145牛顿 )与去势组 [(118± 2 4)牛顿 ]有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;术后 12个月各治疗组最大载荷为 132～ 15 5牛顿 ,均明显高于去势组 (10 8± 13)牛顿 (P <0 0 5 ) ,雌激素组最大载荷、弹性载荷均明显高于三苯氧胺组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)各组骨组织形态计量学检查未发现骨矿化不良现象。结论　雌激素在维持骨量、骨强度方面优于三苯     

四种补肾中药对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松骨形态的作用

目的 比较骨碎补、锁阳、淫羊藿和狗脊４种补肾中药对去卵巢（ＯＶＸ）大鼠骨质疏松的作用。方法 将５４只３月龄雌性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分成模型组和中药治疗组。模型组包括非手术组、假手术组和去卵巢组,每组１０只;中药组包括骨碎补组、锁阳组、淫羊藿组和狗脊组,每组６只。去卵巢手术后１周,中药组分别用上述４种中药喂养,８周后放血外死全部小鼠,用骨形态主坦学方法比较４种中药对ＯＶＸ大鼠骨质疏松的防治作用。结果     

雷洛昔芬对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及血E2、IL-6水平影响的研究

目的观察雷洛昔芬对去势大鼠骨密度、血清E2、IL-6及子宫内膜的影响，探讨雷洛昔芬抗骨质疏松的作用机制。方法48只3个月龄雌性SD大鼠，随机分为SHAM组（假手术），0VX组（单纯去势），0VX＋E2组（去势＋雌激素），0VX＋R组（去势＋雷洛昔芬），每组12只。3个月后处死采集血，用放射免疫分析法检测并比较各组E2及IL-6的表达，取子宫内膜用HE染色法观察各组子宫内膜的形态变化并对子宫内膜腺体数目进行统计学分析。结果雷洛昔芬组大鼠骨密度显著高于去卵巢组（P＜0．05），血清IL-6浓度值显著降低，雌激素浓度的改变差异无统计学意义（与去卵巢组比较P＞0．05），对子宫内膜无明显影响（P＞0．05）。结论雷洛昔芬治疗骨质疏松的作用与血清中IL-6水平降低相关，与雌激素无显著相关，对子宫内膜无显著影响。     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的骨形态计量学及组织学的影响

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the histomorphometric and histological changes of bone 3 weeks after bilateral ovariectomy in rats and to investigate the impacts of 4 different hormone replacement therapies on the bone histomorphometric, histological appearances. METHODS: Bilateral ovariectomies were done on 41 female rats and sham operations on other 9 (sham group) respectively. After 3 weeks, 4 different treatments: i.e. Livial, Gevrine, Premarin, Weinian were initiated separately on each 8 ovariectomized rats for another 3 weeks. The remaining 9 were served as controls (OVX group). All rats were sacrificed either 3 weeks after ovariectomy/sham operation or at the end of hormone therapies. Their femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Specimens of proximal femur were embedded undecacifide for histomorphometric analysis and of distal femoral metaphysics were procured for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and pathologic examinations. RESULTS: (1) Three weeks after OVX, the femoral BMD, mean cortical thickness decreased significantly while the number of osteoclast increased significantly as compared with sham group. The trabecular became thinner and irregular which changed the bone microstructure in three dimension. (2) After treatment of 4 different preparations, the above parameters restored to various extents to the sham operation levels. Among them, there was greater increase of femoral BMD on the Livial and Gevrine group as compared with Premarin and Weinian group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral ovariectomy induced increased osteoclast activity and bone turnover, therefore caused accelerated bone loss. Treatment with combined sex hormones preparation could inhibit bone absorption and stimulate bone formation, especially those containing androgenic activity could increase the BMD.     

DT56a (Femarelle) stimulates bone formation in female rats

OBJECTIVE: DT56a is a natural compound for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long term treatment (two months) with DT56a on the skeletal tissues of intact and ovariectomised (OVX) adult rats. DESIGN: Thirty rats were divided into two groups, in one of which the rats were ovariectomised. The rats in each group were then treated for two months with DT56a, oestrogen or vehicle. SETTING: University and hospital laboratories. POPULATION: Thirty rats. METHODS: Histomorphometric measurements of trabecular bone volume (expressed as a percentage of total bone volume), trabecular and cortical thickness and growth plate width were recorded by a computerised system. In addition, creatine kinase (CK)-specific activity, as marker of oestrogen receptor activation, was measured in skeletal tissues and in the uterus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes in the histomorphometric measurements. RESULTS: OVX rats developed noticeable signs of osteoporosis, namely, significant decrease in trabecular bone volume and in trabecular and cortical thickness. DT56a, like oestrogen, restored the bone structure measurements of all tested parameters in the OVX rats to the values obtained in the intact rats. In skeletal tissues, CK activity was elevated in both treatment groups. However, in the uterus DT56a did not activate oestrogen receptors while oestrogen did elevate CK activity. CONCLUSIONS: DT56a was as effective as oestrogen in reversing the bone changes caused by OVX in rats.     

The effect of clomiphene citrate on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether clomiphene citrate (CC) administration could be a new therapeutic agent in case of contraindication of estrogen therapy for hormone-dependent osteoporosis and to show the changes in bone structure by histomorphometric analysis in ovariectomized rats administered CC. STUDY DESIGN: This study was carried out in the Experimental Surgery Laboratory of the Brain Research Centre of the Medical Faculty of Ege University. Four-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. The study was carried out on six groups of animals each consisted of eight rats. Four groups of rats were ovariectomized and 2 groups of rats were used as control group. For 6 weeks every day, rats were injected physiological saline solution (1 ml/kg), clomiphene citrate (1 or 10 mg/1 ml/kg, Organon), 17beta-estradiol (50 microg/1 ml/kg, within susame oil, Sigma) or susame oil (1 ml/kg, Sigma). Drug administrations were carried out according to the weekly weight measurements. Group 1(PSS), n = 8, non-ovariectomized, were injected with physiological saline solution. Group 2(CC-1), n = 7, non-ovariectomized, were injected with CC (1 mg/1 ml/kg). Group 3(OVX + CC-1), n = 7, ovariectomized, were injected with CC (1 mg/1 ml/kg). Group 4(OVX + CC-10), n = 6, ovariectomized, were injected with CC (10 mg/1 ml/kg). Group 5(OVX + E), n = 8, ovariectomized, were injected with 17beta-estradiol (50 microg/1 ml/kg). Group 6(OVX), n = 8, ovariectomized, were injected with susame oil (1 ml/kg) Bone-specific serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured and statistical analyses were made by Kruskal Wallis test. Left femur bone histomorphometric studies were done. The uteri were dissected out to measure their weight and ANOVA was used to show the intergroup differences. RESULTS: The level of ALP in group 3 was significantly higher than the other five groups. Bone histomorphometric examination showed that total bone volume in group 3, 4, and 5 was higher than group 6, and group 4 had the highest level of bone volume compared to the rest of the groups. Uterus weights in group 1 were significantly higher than group 3 and 6 (P = 0.02, P = 0.01) and uterus weights in group 5 were significantly higher than group 3 and 4 (P = 0.00, P = 0.01) CONCLUSIONS: In ovariectomized rats, treatment with CC is seen as effective as estrogen treatment in preventing osteoporosis, without causing uterin hyperstimulation. Nevertheless, further investigations on more rats are needed to assess whether it is an alternative treatment method to estrogen.