磁共振血管成像技术在主动脉夹层病变中的应用

主动脉夹层(aortic d issection,AD)是主动脉最常见的急诊性疾病,多由高血压或血流动力学变化促发,内膜撕裂,血液破入中膜,将主动脉壁沿长轴分为双层并形成壁间血肿[1]。近年来,随着磁共振成像(MR I)这一新的无创性影像学诊断技术的发展,临床应用日渐增多。为进一步提高成像质量和临床应用价值,现将21例主动脉夹层病变三维对比增强磁共振血管成像技术(3D CE MRA)总结如下。1材料与方法1.1一般资料2003-03—2005-06行3D CE MRA 38例,其中主动脉夹层2 1例(5 5.3%),胸、腹主动脉瘤6例(15.8%),肾动脉狭窄4例(10.5%),主动脉粥样硬化2例(5.…     

平衡梯度回波技术对大血管病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI平衡梯度回波(B-TFE)技术对大血管病变的诊断价值.方法 33例疑为大血管病变的病例,均应用B-TFE、T1W/TSE、T2W/TSE序列扫描,6例行增强MRA成像.其中,男26例,女7例,年龄10～77岁,年龄中位数58岁.结果 33例中,10例正常,23例大血管病变中,主动脉夹层9例,升主动脉瘤3例,主动脉瘤伴夹层2例,腹主动脉瘤5例,主动脉弓离断1例,奇静脉畸形1例,肺动脉扩张1例,肺动脉狭窄1例,均经手术证实.绝大多数病例大血管病变在术前均被B-TFE所显示并能够达到准确诊断.结论 应用B-TFE技术对血管性病变的检查具有扫描速度快,图像质量良好的特点.     

多层螺旋CT仿真内窥镜用于主动脉夹层

目的 :通过 5例主动脉夹层的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)和CT仿真内镜 (CTVE)表现 ,探讨CTVE技术在主动脉夹层诊断中的价值。方法 :对 5例主动脉夹层进行MSCT增强扫描 ,将原始数据在AW工作站上进行CTVE成像。 5例中Ⅰ型主动脉夹层 2例 ;Ⅱ型主动脉夹层 1例 ;Ⅲ型主动脉夹层 2例。结果 :2例Ⅰ型和 2例Ⅲ型主动脉夹层均清楚地显示了狭窄的真腔和扩张的假腔 ,以及假腔内的血栓 ,主动脉夹层的部位、范围和分支受侵情况。清晰地显示 1例Ⅱ型主动脉夹层的内膜裂缝。结论 :CTVE技术是一种无创伤、无痛苦 ,快捷、安全、有效的检查技术 ,是诊断主动脉夹层有价值的检查方法之一。     

MRI对急性主动脉夹层的诊断价值(附7例分析)

主动脉夹层 (主动脉夹层动脉瘤 )是主动脉中层形成夹层血肿并沿主动脉管壁长轴分离延伸的严重心血管疾病 ,本文报告 7例急性主动脉夹层 MRI检查结果 ,分析讨论有关诊断问题。1　材料和方法本组 7例 ,男性 6例 ,女性 1例 ,年龄 43～ 6 2岁 ,发病时间8～ 72 h入院。高血压 5例 ,临床表现以胸痛为主 (10 0 % ) ,其中心前区紧束样痛 7例 ,伴上腹痛 4例 ,胸腰部放射痛 3例 ,尿少右下肢浮肿 1例 ,左侧偏瘫 1例。心电图检查左心室肥厚心肌缺血 3例 ,彩超诊断主动脉夹层 2例 ,其中伴右下肢血栓 1例。CT诊断夹层 1例。全部病例使用美国 Technicare…     

MRI对主动脉瘤的诊断价值(附49例分析)

目的　探讨MRI对主动脉真性动脉瘤、主动脉夹层及假性动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法　 49例主动脉瘤 ,其中真性动脉瘤2 0例 ,主动脉夹层 2 6例 ,假性动脉瘤 3例。全部病例均采用MRISE常规序列 ,9例采用FFE序列电影成像。结果　本组病例均直观显示病变的部位、范围、形态 ,可直接测量主动脉瘤瘤体大小。 2 6例主动脉夹层均显示特有的双腔征 ,18例显示内膜片 ,7例显示内膜撕裂口。 9例患者 (真性动脉瘤 1例 ,主动脉夹层 8例 )共 2 0支分支血管受累。结论　MRI能清晰显示主动脉瘤和瘤体内结构 ,是诊断主动脉病变的最佳影像学方法之一     

主动脉不典型夹层的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对主动脉不典型夹层的诊断和临床应用价值.方法:采用东芝Aquilion 16层螺旋CT扫描机,对21例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行MSCT检查并诊断为主动脉不典型夹层.结果:21例按Stanford分型,A型5例,B型16例.MSCT所见主动脉壁内血肿的直接征象:主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚≥5mm,无内膜破裂形成的双腔主动脉征象.间接征象:钙化内移5例,穿透性溃疡征9例,主动脉壁粥样硬化改变13例,内膜渗漏5例.并发征象:心包积液3例,胸腔积液10例,主要分支血管受累3例,主动脉夹层6例,主动脉瘤2例.结论:MSCT是一种快速、无创的检查方法,能为主动脉不典型夹层的诊断和治疗提供重要信息.MSCT可作为主动脉不典型夹层的首选诊断及随访检查手段.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉壁内血肿的临床价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉壁内血肿的临床价值。方法回顾性分析7例主动脉壁内血肿的多层螺旋CT血管成像表现。结果按Stanford分型,A型2例,B型5例。平扫主要表现为主动脉壁新月形或环形稍高密度增厚,内壁光滑,血管成像表现为增厚的主动脉壁无强化,钙化内移2例,伴主动脉粥样硬化4例,胸腔积液1例,主动脉夹层1例。结论多层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉壁内血肿的诊断、鉴别诊断及预后的评估具有重要临床价值。     

主动脉夹层32例早期诊断体会

近年来 ,主动脉夹层 (aorticdissection ,AD)的发病有增加趋势。由于其表现缺乏特异性 ,预后凶险 ,故提高AD的早期诊断 ,对及时治疗、改善预后具有极其重要的作用。为进一步提高主动脉夹层早期诊治水平 ,我们将近年来主动脉夹层 32例诊断体会报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 32例中 ,男 2 5例 ,女 7例 ;年龄 2 8～ 78岁 ,平均 4 9± 8岁。高血压病 2 7例 ,冠心病 19例 ,马方综合征 4例 ,原因不明 7例。夹层分型 :De BakeyⅠ型 11例 ,Ⅱ型 5例 ,Ⅲ型 16例。1 2　诊断过程　首先对所有病例迅速询问病史、查体。对可疑病例先予卧床、…     

16层螺旋CT诊断主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层

目的：评价16层螺旋CT诊断主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层的临床应用价值。材料和方法：采用触发扫描技术对37例主动脉瘤及25例主动脉夹层患者行快速容积扫描,原始图像在工作站(VB10B)行二维及三维重建。结果：11例胸主动脉瘤中,真性动脉瘤9例,假性动脉瘤2例；腹主动脉瘤26例中,位于肾动脉水平以上8例,肾动脉水平以下18例,表现为主动脉局限性管腔增宽。25例主动脉夹层中Ⅰ型6例、Ⅱ型4例和Ⅲ型15例,显示真、假两腔及撕裂的内膜片23例。结论：16层螺旋CT对显示主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层具有无创、快速检查的优势,各种重建技术结合运用可为临床手术治疗提供丰富的影像信息。     

DCE MRA对主动脉夹层的诊断价值

目的　评价动态增强磁共振血管成像对主动脉夹层诊断价值及对临床治疗的指导作用。方法　 2 0例不同类型的主动脉夹层患者 ,应用动态增强磁共振血管成像技术扫描 ,并与手术结果对照 ,分析DCEMRA的图像质量及其对血管的显示情况。结果　 2 0例均获得满意图像 ,不但可清晰地显示主动脉夹层的真假腔和内膜片 ,并可确定破口大小、数量及位置以及血流动态情况。结论　动态增强磁共振血管成像是诊断主动脉夹层准确、快速、无创和首选的影像学检查方法 ,具有较高的临床应用价值     

Aortic emergencies

This article discusses the anatomy and pathobiology of the aorta, common aortic emergencies and their diagnosis, and the roles and limitations of diagnostic imaging in assessment, medical intervention and monitoring.     

先天性主动脉瓣、瓣上及瓣下狭窄的影像学诊断

目的 :提高影像学诊断先天性主动脉瓣、瓣上及瓣下狭窄的水平。材料和方法 :主动脉瓣狭窄 12例 ,主动脉瓣下狭窄 5例 ,主动脉瓣上狭窄 7例 ,均行X线检查 ,MRI 2 1例 ,心血管造影 (CAG) 15例 ,手术证实 15例。结果 :主动脉瓣狭窄MRI显示瓣膜增厚、瓣口狭窄 2例 ;主动脉瓣下隔膜型狭窄MRI示 3例 ,CAG示 1例 ;MRI示主动脉瓣上纤维嵴型狭窄 6例及发育不良型狭窄 1例。结论 :X线平片难以提供确定诊断的依据 ;超声心动图对主动脉瓣上狭窄的诊断有限 ;除主动脉瓣狭窄外 ,MRI可弥补超声心动图诊断中的不足 ,二者结合可达到术前诊断的目的 ,除特殊适应症外 ,无须行CAG检查。     

Management of Acute Aortic Syndrome and Chronic Aortic Dissection

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) describes several life-threatening aortic pathologies. These include intramural hematoma, penetrating aortic ulcer, and acute aortic dissection (AAD). Advances in both imaging and endovascular treatment have led to an increase in diagnosis and improved management of these often catastrophic pathologies. Patients, who were previously consigned to medical management or high-risk open surgical repair, can now be offered minimally invasive solutions with reduced morbidity and mortality. Information from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) database demonstrates how in selected patients with complicated AAD the 30-day mortality from open surgery is 17% and endovascular stenting is 6%. Despite these improvements in perioperative deaths, the risks of stroke and paraplegia remain with endovascular treatment (combined outcome risk 4%). The pathophysiology of each aspect of AAS is described. The best imaging techniques and the evolving role of endovascular techniques in the definitive management of AAS are discussed incorporating strategies to reduce perioperative morbidity.     

Aortic valve stenosis

There is a long latent period in the clinical course of aortic valve stenosis in adults. Symptoms usually occur in the case of critical stenosis, when aortic orifice area is under 0.7 cm2 (0.4 cm2/m2). In this study 78 patients with critical aortic valve stenosis were investigated. The first manifestation of the disease was dyspnea (78.2%), angina (52.5%), less often a syncope (34.6%), while 17.9% of patients were asymptomatic. Left ventricular systolic function was preserved in 77% of patients, while left ventricular dyastolic dysfunction occurred in almost all the patients. In 42 patients (53.4%) aortic valve replacement was performed. Left ventricular systolic function improved in 88.1% of patients postoperativelly, as well as in patients with preoperatively preserved or poor systolic function. Recovery was fast particularly during the first 6 postoperative months. After the surgery the improvement of the left ventricular dyastolic function was slower then systolic, particularly in patients with extreme hypertrophy of myocardium in whom the process of recovery might last several years.     

Aortic arch development

Stereomicroradiographic images of timed-gestation mouse embryos clarify aortic development and help one to understand human vascular anomalies.     

Factors Affecting Optimal Aortic Remodeling After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of Type B (IIIb) Aortic Dissection

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with entire aortic remodeling after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with type B dissection.

Materials and Methods

The patients with type B (IIIb) dissections who underwent TEVAR from 2006 to 2013 with minimum of 2 years of follow-up computed tomography data were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the status of false lumen remodeling of entire aorta, patients were divided into three groups: complete regression, total thrombosis, and inadequate regression with patent abdominal false lumen.

Results

A total of 90 patients (72 males, 18 females; mean age 56.6 ± 16.4 years) were included and divided into the complete regression (n = 22), total thrombosis (n = 18), and inadequate regression (n = 50) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that dissection extension to iliac arteries, increased preoperative number of dissection tear over abdominal aorta, and decreased preoperative abdominal aorta bifurcation true lumen ratio, as compared between the inadequate and complete regression groups, were associated with a persistent false lumen (odds ratio = 33.33, 2.304, and 0.021; all, p ≤ 0.012). Comparison of 6, 12, and 24 months postoperative data revealed no significant differences at any level, suggesting that the true lumen area ratio might not change after 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

Increased preoperative numbers of dissection tear around the abdominal visceral branches, dissection extension to the iliac arteries, and decreased preoperative true lumen area ratio of abdominal aorta are predictive of entire aortic remodeling after TEVAR in patients with type B dissection.

Level of Evidence

III.

     

主动脉弓左侧分支追踪法诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓与双主动脉弓

目的探讨主动脉弓左侧分支追踪法诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓与双主动脉弓的价值。资料与方法纳入60例主动脉弓畸形胎儿,于三血管-气管(3VT)切面均探及“U”形环结构。传统横断面扫查法在3VT切面上诊断主动脉弓畸形。追踪法在3VT切面基础上寻找从主动脉弓向左侧发出的血管,观察其走行并作出诊断。结果经尸检或产后超声心动图证实共5例双主动脉弓,46例右位主动脉弓合并左锁骨下动脉迷走,9例右位主动脉弓合并左无名动脉。传统扫查方法与追踪法对胎儿主动脉弓畸形的诊断率分别为63.33%、96.67%,差异有统计学意义(X^2=20.83,P<0.01)。结论追踪主动脉弓左侧分支法可以有效地诊断不同类型的右位主动脉弓及双主动脉弓,方法简单,提高了主动脉弓畸形的检出率。