肝细胞癌射频消融治疗后肿瘤残留的危险因素及预后分析

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)射频消融(RFA)治疗后肿瘤残留的危险因素及预后.方法 回顾性分析2001年5月至2007年3月114例经RFA治疗的HCC患者临床资料,分析可能与RFA后肿瘤残留有关的临床因素以及残留HCC的预后.结果 114例HCC患者经RFA治疗一次后,完全消融90例,肿瘤残留24例.90例肿瘤完全消融患者的中位生存期为40个月,24例肿瘤残留患者的中位生存期为29个月,二者差异无统计学意义(P=0.242).在24例肿瘤残留患者中,经再次治疗后达到无肿瘤残留者11例,其中位生存期为53个月;经再次治疗后仍有残留者13例,其中位生存期为28个月.RFA治疗一次后肿瘤完全消融患者与再次治疗后达到无肿瘤残留患者的中位生存期比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.658);与再次治疗后仍有肿瘤残留患者的中位生存期比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012).多因素分析表明,肿瘤＞3 cm(P=0.007)和靠近大血管(P=0.042)是HCC经RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素.结论 肿瘤＞3 cm和靠近大血管是HCC行RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素.对未能达到完全消融的HCC患者,应积极采取进一步治疗措施,争取达到完全根治肿瘤,以改善预后.     

中晚期肝细胞癌预后影响因素分析

目的研究中晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的预后相关因素,建立具有临床实用性的预后模型.方法根据166例HCC患者临床及随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier和Cox回归模型方法,分析HCC患者的预后影响因素,并建立预后指数(PI)模型.结果单因素分析显示Child-Pugh分级、肝外转移、腹水、治疗、胆红素、血清钠、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、肿瘤形态和大小、临床分期和门静脉癌栓与HCC患者生存率有关.多因素分析表明,肿瘤形态(P=0.001)、肿瘤大小(P=0.002)、甲胎蛋白(P=0.014)、血清钠(P=0.011)和Child-Pugh分级(P=0.001)是独立的预后影响因素.预后指数(PI)定义为回归方程:PI=ey,y=0.585(肿瘤形态-2.0542) 0.747(肿瘤大小-1.879) 0.477(AFP-1.4157)-0.570(血清钠-1.6933) 0.786(Child-Pugh分级-1.7590).PI＜1和≥1患者的中位生存期分别为10.2个月和1.8个月(P＜0.01).结论肿瘤形态、肿瘤大小、甲胎蛋白、血清钠和Child-Pugh分级是中晚期HCC患者独立的预后影响因素,根据独立预后因素建立的预后指数模型可帮助临床预测中晚期HCC患者的预后.     

原发性肝癌外科治疗方式选择及术后肿瘤复发防治相关性研究

目的 比较原发性肝癌患者肝切除术和肝移植术的长期疗效,探讨肝脏功能良好的早期肝癌患者肝切除术后复发的影响因素.方法 选取原发性肝癌患者77例,其中70例肝切除患者,7例肝移植患者;采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件分析肝切除患者和肝移植患者的生存疗效及肝功能Child-Pugh A级患者的肝切除术后复发的影响因素.结果 肝移植组合并肝硬化患者比率显著高于肝切除组(P=0.015);肝切除组肝功能Child-Pugh分级与肝移植组肝功能Child-Pugh分级的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.008);肝移植组患者术前接受TACE治疗比率显著高于肝切除组(P=0.003).两组患者在性别、年龄、乙肝感染、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度及术后辅助化疗等方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05);肝移植组患者的术后并发症发生率、术中出血量及术中输血率均显著高于肝切除组(P<0.001);但两组患者在围手术期医院死亡率、二次手术率方面比较无显著差异(P>0.05);肝移植组患者的无瘤生存率明显优于肝切除组(P=0.041);单因素分析结果显示:乙肝病毒感染、重度肝硬化、血小板<100×109/L、甲胎蛋白>100 ng/ml和肿瘤中低分化是影响Child-Pugh A级直径≤5 cm的单个小肝癌切除术后肿瘤复发的重要不良预后因素;多因素分析结果显示,重度肝硬化、血小板<100×109/L和肿瘤中低分化是影响Child-Pugh A级直径≤5cm的单个小肝癌切除术后肿瘤复发的独立危险因素.结论 肝移植术治疗重度肝硬化的单个小肝癌患者的疗效优于肝切除术,肝移植术可作为首选方法,非重度肝硬化可考虑肝切除术;因此,术前应对肝功能Child-Pugh A级的单个小肝癌患者进行肝硬化严重程度分级,依此选择合适的外科治疗方法.     

48例复发性肝细胞癌再次切除术后的疗效及预后因素分析

目的:分析复发性肝细胞癌行再次切除术后的疗效和影响预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析中山大学附属肿瘤医院和江西省人民医院1995年7 月至2003年7 月48例复发性肝细胞癌患者行再次肝切除术的临床病理资料,包括患者性别、年龄、原发肿瘤和复发肿瘤的病理学特征、再次肝切除术前全身状况、复发的出现时间及生存期等,根据随访结果计算总生存率和无瘤生存率,并作单因素及多因素分析。结果:48例患者再次切除术后中位生存时间36.3 个月,1、3、5 年累积生存率分别为81.3% 、45.8% 、27.1% ,1、3、5 年无瘤生存率分别为70.8% 、25.0% 、16.7% 。单因素分析结果显示:原发肿瘤TNM分期、原发肿瘤伴血管侵犯、复发间隔时间、复发肿瘤大小、复发肿瘤TNM分期、复发肿瘤伴血管侵犯影响再切除术后累积生存率;复发间隔时间、原发肿瘤TNM分期、复发肿瘤大小、复发肿瘤有无血管侵犯、复发肿瘤病理分级和AFP 水平影响再切除术后无瘤生存率。多因素分析显示:复发间隔时间、复发肿瘤TNM分期是影响复发性肝癌再切除术后累积生存的独立危险因素;复发间隔时间、复发肿瘤大小是影响其无瘤生存的独立危险因素。结论:肝内复发间隔时间短（≤24个月）、复发肿瘤直径>5cm、复发肿瘤TNM分期越晚,提示再次切除术后预后不良。      

肝癌再次切除术后肝移植的临床应用价值

目的:探讨肝移植在肝癌再次肝切除术后患者治疗中的合理适应证及其临床价值.方法:回顾性分析10例肝癌再次肝切除术后复发或肝功能衰竭患者肝移植的临床资料和随访结果.结果:肝癌再次肝切除术后患者肝移植围手术期(术后2个月内)死亡率为2/10,手术相关死亡率为1/10.术后并发症发生率为3/10.随访过程中肿瘤复发率为5/8(肺转移2例,肝内转移2例,骨转移1例),肝移植术后肿瘤中位复发时间17个月(3～25个月).4例患者分别于肝移植术后12、37、42和48个月死于肿瘤复发、进展,肿瘤复发诊断后中位生存时间25个月(9～45个月).目前生存4例,分别无瘤生存12、50、50和62个月.首次肝切除到肝移植的中位生存时间为93个月(41.5～147个月);从再次肝切除到肝移植的中位生存时间为60个月(10.5～105个月).结论:肝癌再次切除术后患者肝移植治疗是可行的,但要严格选择恰当的适应证,Milan标准是目前肝癌再次肝切除术后肝移植的理想标准.肝切除和肝移植相结合可使肝癌患者获得长期生存的机会.     

原发性肝细胞癌R0切除术后肝外转移患者生存分析

目的分析原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者R0切除术后肝外转移的生存时间和影响因素。方法回顾性分析2001-01-2010-12青岛大学附属医院收治的597例行R0切除术的原发性HCC患者临床资料和随访结果。Logistic回归分析术后肝外转移复发较单纯肝内复发的独立危险因素;Kaplan-Meier(Log-rank检验)分析不同部位肝外转移患者的预后。结果肝内复发组中位生存时间18.0个月,显著长于肝外转移复发组的8.0个月,χ2=25.2,P<0.001。经Logistic回归分析,年龄>60岁(OR=2.555,P=0.003)、肿瘤直径>5cm(OR=2.094,P=0.027)、肿瘤亚临床破裂型(OR=6.407,P=0.010)和血管癌栓(OR=5.267,P=0.003)为发生肝外转移的独立危险因素。单因素分析显示,与肝内复发组比较,肝外转移组中肿瘤亚临床破裂型(χ2=8.261,P=0.004)、HBsAg或Anti-HCV阳性(χ2=6.011,P=0.014)、谷丙转氨酶≤60U/L(χ2=5.064,P=0.024)、肿瘤侵及肝被膜(χ2=11.778,P=0.001)的患者显著增多。Logistic回归分析显示,与单纯肝内复发相比,肿瘤亚临床破裂型(OR=3.298,P=0.008)、谷丙转氨酶≤60U/L(OR=2.022,P=0.024)、肿瘤侵及肝被膜(OR=2.636,P=0.003)是发生肝外转移的独立危险因素。肝外转移最常见的脏器为肺、腹腔、骨骼和肾上腺等,其中接受手术切除、射频消融和索拉非尼等治疗患者的复发后生存时间高于仅对症治疗者。结论患者高龄、肿瘤大小、血管癌栓和肿瘤亚临床破裂与肝癌切除术后肝外转移的发生密切相关;对术后发生肝外转移患者,早期发现和治疗可提高患者复发后生存时间。     

巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期B期肝细胞性肝癌手术与TACE疗效比较

  目的  比较肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)巴塞罗那肝癌临床(BCLC)分期B期患者行肝切除术及经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗的疗效。  方法  回顾性分析2003年1月至2006年8月共222例BCLC B期、Child-PughA级HCC患者的生存资料, 采用t检验及秩和检验进行组间比较, 采用Cox模型分析危险因素, Kaplan-Meier曲线法分析总生存率。  结果  222例患者中, 肝切除术治疗118例, TACE治疗104例。肝切除术组患者的1、3、5年总生存率分别为76%、46%、37%, 中位生存期为29个月; TACE组患者的总生存率分别为53%、19%、7%, 中位生存期为11个月(P < 0.05)。Cox回归模型提示治疗方式TACE是影响预后的危险因素。  结论  肝切除术较TACE治疗可能更能提高BCLC B期、Child-Pugh A级HCC患者的总生存率。BCLC B期HCC的治疗方式应该按不同的亚组行更为细致的划分。      

肝细胞癌淋巴结转移的放射治疗——125例患者的回顾性研究

目的评价肝细胞肝癌腹腔淋巴结转移病人接受与不接受放射治疗的效果,并分析影响患者的预后因素。方法回顾125例临床诊断为肝细胞肝癌腹腔淋巴结转移病人,分为非放疗组和放疗组。非放疗组患者出现腹腔淋巴结转移后,仅针对肝内肿瘤予手术切除或介入栓塞治疗;放疗组病人在原有治疗的基础上结合外放射治疗,用直线加速器发射的15MV光子,予肿大淋巴结区包括或不包括肝内原发灶局部照射,常规分割,放疗剂量为40～60Gy。分析两组患者的临床指标,甲胎蛋白(AFP)、肝内肿瘤大小、肝内肿瘤治疗的方法、淋巴结情况(位置、数目、大小)、是否伴有癌栓、Child-Pugh肝功能分级。生存率的估计用Kaplan-Meier法,Cox回归分析各因素对预后的影响。结果62例腹腔淋巴结转移患者接受放疗,23例(37.1%)放疗后转移的淋巴结消失,归为完全缓解,37例(59.7%)为部分缓解,客观缓解率达96.8%。放疗后淋巴结压迫出现的症状得到缓解,有效率100%。放疗组与非放疗组中位生存期分别为9.4个月和3.3个月,1年生存率分别为42.1%和3.4%,2年生存率分别为19.9%和0%。两组间差别有显著意义(P<0.001)。放疗组患者出现肝门、胰周、腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移者,其中位生存期分别为24.1个月、9.4个月、6.0个月,对照组分别为3.6个月、3.8个月、3.2个月。放疗组肝内肿瘤直径<8cm或≥8cm者,中位生存期分别为12.3个月和5.7个月,非放疗组分别为3.3个月和3.6个月。用Cox回归模型进行单因素与多因素分析生存情况,生存情况与下列因素有明显相关,Child-Pugh肝功能分级高、伴有癌栓、肝内多发病灶、原发灶未治疗者预后差。非放射治疗的病人,43.5%(2762)患者死于淋巴结肿大相关的并发症。外放疗可以降低淋巴结引起死亡(淋巴结致死降至8.0%),但胃肠道出血发生率上升。放射治疗主要不良反应为中等程度的急性胃肠道反应和肝损伤,常表现为食欲下降和恶心。结论本文结果提示,肝细胞肝癌淋巴结转移对放疗敏感。用50Gy的常规分割即可起到姑息治疗的效果,并延长生存期。肝门区淋巴结转移和肝内小病灶的患者放疗后效果较好。     

术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值评估肝细胞癌根治性切除术后预后的临床价值

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)患者术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)对根治性切除术后预后评估的临床价值.方法 收集行HCC根治性切除术的161例HCC患者的临床资料,根据患者术前NLR值情况,将患者分为高NLR组(NLR≥2.60,n=52)及低NLR组(NLR﹤2.60,n=109).应用Kaplan-Meier方法分析患者的生存率,并采用Log-rank检验差异;采用Cox回归模型分析影响HCC患者总体生存率的预后因素.结果161例HCC患者的中位随访时间为29个月,高NLR组的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为79.6%、70.8%、41.1%,中位肿瘤复发时间14.9个月;低NLR组的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为90.4%、79.6%、48.7%,中位肿瘤复发时间为20.1个月,高NLR组的1、3、5年总体生存率均低于低NLR组(P﹤0.05),中位肿瘤复发时间短于低NLR组(P﹤0.05);单因素分析结果显示:肿瘤包膜、TNM分期、术前AFP、术前高NLR、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小与HCC根治性切除术后预后生存时间有关,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);Cox多因素分析结果显示:TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、术前AFP﹤400 ng/ml、术前NLR≥2.60、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小≥10 mm为影响HCC患者根治性切除术后预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.001).结论 术前NLR是影响HCC患者根治性切除术后预后的独立危险因素,可作为评估患者预后的指标,术前高NLR者其预后较差.     

原发性肝癌射频治疗的预后影响因素分析

目的探讨原发性肝癌射频消融(RFA)治疗的预后影响因素,为原发性肝癌患者选择个体化治疗方案及估计预后提供参考。方法回顾性分析134例行RFA治疗的原发性肝癌患者,以生存时间和生存结局作为因变量,分析11项可能影响预后的相关因素。单因素分析采用Kaplan-Meier模型及Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险模型。结果患者治疗后3个月起随访观察生存情况,随访至2012年6月,随访率达95.5%。单因素分析结果显示,肝功能Child-Pugh分级、肿瘤类型、门静脉高压、AFP值、治疗目的方案和术前有无实施肝动脉化学栓塞(TACE)有统计学意义。Cox模型多因素分析结果显示,与生存率相关的因素有Child-Pugh分级、门静脉高压、治疗目的方案和术前实施TACE。结论影响原发性肝癌RFA治疗预后的因素为肝功能Child-Pugh分级、门脉高压程度、治疗目的方案和术前实施TACE。以上结果有助于指导原发性肝癌患者的RFA治疗。     

A long-term follow-up and management study of hepatocellular carcinoma patients surviving for 10 years or longer after curative hepatectomy

BACKGROUND: The aims of the current study were to elucidate the clinicopathologic characteristics and disease recurrence patterns of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who survived for 10 years or longer after undergoing an initial hepatectomy. METHODS: Between January 1987 and December 1993, 578 patients underwent potentially curative hepatectomy at the study institution. Disease recurrence and follow-up data were available for 481 of these patients, who then were followed for more than 10 years after the initial hepatectomy. Fourteen clinicopathologic features were compared between the 10-year survivors and those patients who died within 10 years after the surgery. The risk factors for disease recurrence, the recurrence status, time to recurrence, and treatment modalities for recurrence were examined among the 10-year survivors. RESULTS: There were 105 10-year survivors (21.8%), including 42 disease-free survivors (8.7%). Favorable independent factors found to be correlated with 10-year survival were age < 55 years, a plasma retention rate of indocyanine green at 15 minutes of < 15%, the presence of a solitary tumor, the absence of intrahepatic metastases, the absence of portal vein invasion, and the absence of underlying cirrhosis. A negative test for the the hepatitis C antibody and the absence of intrahepatic metastases were found to be independent predictive factors for 10-year disease-free survival among the 10-year survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that younger patients without underlying cirrhosis who have a solitary HCC that does not demonstrate vascular invasion might survive for longer than 10 years after the initial hepatectomy. In addition to close surveillance in such patients after hepatectomy, repeat hepatectomy, local ablation therapy, and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization may contribute to long-term survival, even if disease recurrence occurs.     

Prognosis of patients with intrahepatic recurrence after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study

Aims

Hepatic resection is the most effective therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, intrahepatic recurrence is common. Predictors of survival after intrahepatic recurrence have not been fully investigated. To clarify the prognosis and choice of treatment of intrahepatic recurrence after hepatic resection, we conducted a comparative retrospective analysis of 147 patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the relations between clinicopathologic factors, including the number of recurrent intrahepatic tumors and long-term prognosis after recurrence in 147 HCC patients who underwent resection. We also examined long-term survival after recurrence based on treatment types and recurrence pattern.

Results

Patients with multiple tumors (n = 83) showed less tumor differentiation, more frequent portal invasion, a higher alpha-fetoprotein level, and larger tumors than did patients with solitary tumor (n = 64). In the solitary tumor group, local ablation therapy and repeat hepatic resection were performed in 25 and 10, respectively. In the multiple tumor group, 59 were treated by transarterial chemoembolization. Multivariate analysis showed intraoperative blood transfusion and multiple tumors to be independent risk factors for poor cancer-related survival after recurrence. By subset analysis based on treatment types and recurrence pattern, survival after recurrence was significantly better in patients treated by local ablation therapy than those treated by other therapies in both solitary and multiple tumor groups.

Conclusions

For patients with solitary recurrence, a good prognosis is predicted. Local ablation therapy is a best candidate for treatment of solitary and multiple intrahepatic recurrences after hepatic resection.     

Combination therapy with radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Short-term recurrences and survival

To evaluate short-term clinical results of radiofrequency (RF) ablation combined with transcatheter chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify factors having influence on early intrahepatic recurrence. Sixty-four patients with 92 HCC lesions underwent RF ablation within 2 weeks after chemoembolization. The maximum tumor size was small (5 cm) were significantly linked with higher probability of early intrahepatic recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, tumor number was the only independent factor having significant impact on early intrahepatic recurrence. The estimated 1- and 2-year survival rates were 100% and 93%, respectively. This combined therapy showed good early therapeutic effects on treated lesions and survival. Tumor number and maximum tumor size are important factors for early intrahepatic recurrence.     

Long-term outcomes after hepatectomy for recurrences after prior local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Aims

Intrahepatic recurrence is the most common manifestation of failure after local ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study evaluates the safety and efficacy of partial hepatectomy for intrahepatic recurrence after prior local ablation.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of 188 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent either partial hepatectomy for recurrence after prior local ablation (n = 13) or partial hepatectomy as initial local treatment (n = 175). The 13 patients with recurrence after prior local ablation were referred to our division after the resectable recurrences were considered to be resistant to non-surgical treatment modalities.

Results

The incidences of postoperative morbidity and mortality were similar for patients with prior local ablation and patients without prior local ablation (p = 0.75 and p = 0.52, respectively). The overall survival rates after hepatectomy were comparable between patients with prior local ablation (median survival time of 86 months; cumulative 5-year survival rate of 63%) and patients without prior local ablation (median survival time of 76 months; cumulative 5-year survival rate of 54%; p = 0.60). The disease-free survival rates after hepatectomy were significantly worse for patients with prior local ablation based on both univariate (p = 0.01) and multivariate (relative risk, 2.73; p < 0.01) analyses.

Conclusions

Hepatectomy can be performed safely and may be efficacious, in terms of overall survival, for selected patients with intrahepatic recurrence after prior local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, prior local ablation appears to increase the probability of failure after hepatectomy.     

The possible role of sorafenib as a part of the multimodal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

The role of sorafenib is unclear in multimodal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed patients who underwent multimodal treatment including surgical operation for advanced HCC after administration of sorafenib. A 79- year-old man underwent extended right hepatectomy for Stage III huge HCC. Three years later, multiple recurrences observed in the liver, and an extrahepatic tumor was diagnosed. Peritoneal seeding was suspected, thus we decided to start a sorafenib administration. After 11 months, new intrahepatic lesions were detected, but extrahepatic tumor was unchanged. We considered the extrahepatic tumor was solitary and resectable, and new lesions in the liver were still treatable, then we attempted a surgical treatment with partial hepatectomy and ablation therapy. The tumor was successfully resected, and residual viable tumors were treated by radiofrequency ablation. The patient remains alive without recurrence at 7 months. We could perform a surgical treatment for another 2 patients with sorafenib treatment. These results suggested that there are cases of advance HCC in which multimodality treatment including surgical treatment can be achieved after sorafenib administration.     

Different risk factors and prognosis for early and late intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that the prognosis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection was dependent on the time of recurrence. The current study investigated whether early and late intrahepatic recurrences were associated with different risk factors and prognostic factors. METHODS: After curative resection of HCC, 246 patients were followed prospectively for recurrence. Intrahepatic recurrences were classified into early ( 1 year) recurrences. Risk factors for recurrence and prognostic factors for survival after recurrence in each group were analyzed. RESULTS: Early and late intrahepatic recurrences developed in 80 patients and 46 patients, respectively. By multivariate analysis, preoperative tumor rupture (P = 0.022) and venous invasion (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for early recurrence, whereas cirrhosis (P = 0.018) was the only significant risk factor for late recurrence. By comparing histologic features of resected recurrent and primary tumors, 8 of 9 resected early recurrent tumors (89%) were classified as intrahepatic metastases, whereas all 6 resected late recurrent tumors (100%) were multicentric occurrences. Despite similar treatments, the prognosis for patients with early recurrence was worse than that of patients with late recurrence (median survival of 15.8 months vs. 29.6 months; P = 0.005). Independent prognostic factors for early recurrence were serum albumin level and initial tumor pTNM classification, whereas only serum bilirubin level was found to be an independent prognostic factor for late recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Early and late intrahepatic recurrences after resection of HCC were associated with different risk factors and prognostic factors. Early recurrences appear to arise mainly from intrahepatic metastases, whereas late recurrences are more likely to be multicentric in origin. The current study suggests that different strategies may be needed for the prevention and management of early and late recurrences. Further studies based on genetic analysis of clonal origins of tumors are required to clarify fully the mechanism of early and late recurrences after resection of HCC.     

Clinicopathological features, post-surgical survival and prognostic indicators of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: Comprehensive data regarding elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were limited. The present study aims to widen the knowledge based on patients in China. METHODS: Fifty-four elderly (> or =65 years) and 125 non-elderly HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinicopathological features and post-surgical survival were compared between two groups. Prognostic indicators of elderly patients were defined by uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Contrast to non-elderly patients, the elderly presented significantly lower rates of HBsAg positivity, Child-Pugh grade A, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) marked elevation, portal vein tumour thrombosis (PVTT), satellite nodule, and intrahepatic recurrence, smaller tumour sizes, earlier TNM staging and better histological differentiation. No significant differences were found in perioperative mortality rate and post-surgical survival between two groups. PVTT and Edmondson-Steiner grading were identified as independent prognostic indicators of both overall and disease-free survival by multivariate analysis, whereas Child-Pugh grading independently affected the overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: HCC in the elderly seemed to be less HBV-associated, less progressive and less aggressive than that in the non-elderly. Hepatectomy for the elderly could make a satisfactory prognosis and be well tolerated. Some tumour-related factors independently predict the prognosis of elderly HCC patients, and their liver function status should be further valued.     

67例肝细胞肝癌合并重度肝硬化的手术疗效分析

背景与目的:肝细胞肝癌(下称肝癌)合并重度肝硬化,由于肝储备功能差,手术风险明显增高.本研究探讨肝癌合并重度肝硬化的手术安全性、疗效和预后影响因素.方法:回顾性分析我院1998年至2003年经手术切除的67例肝癌合并重度肝硬化的患者资料,根据随访结果计算生存率并作单因素和多因素分析.结果:3例围手术期死亡.术后1、3、5年累积生存率分别为62.6%、46.7%、19.9%.单因素分析结果表明预后影响因素为术前Child-Pugh分级、吲哚靛青绿15 min储备率(ICGR15)、血小板计数、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目和是否根治性切除;多因素分析得出影响疗效的独立预后因素为术前Child-Pugh分级和是否根治性切除.结论:正确的术前肝储备功能评估,可增加手术切除的安全性,使部分合并重度肝硬化的肝癌患者获得手术根治的机会.术后辅助治疗有助提高患者生存率.     

Repeat hepatectomy versus microwave ablation for solitary and small (≤3 cm) recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with early or late recurrence: A propensity score matched study

BackgroundRepeat hepatectomy (RH) and microwave ablation (MWA) are frequently used procedures for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of RH and MWA for solitary and small HCC with early or late recurrence.MethodThis retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent RH or MWA for solitary and small (≤3 cm) recurrent HCC at Tongji hospital between April 2006 and December 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was further employed to analyze the prognosis of different treatment methods.ResultsA total of 256 patients were analyzed, of whom 94 and 162 underwent RH and MWA, respectively. The overall treatment-related complication rate was higher in the RH group. Both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of RH were significantly better than those of MWA. Multivariate analysis showed that MWA, early recurrence (within 24 months after initial resection), cirrhosis, and AFP >400 ng/ml were independent risk factors for poor prognoses of recurrent HCC. The stratified analysis demonstrated that MWA and RH had similar long-term outcomes in patients with early recurrence. Nevertheless, MWA had worse RFS and OS than RH in patients with late recurrence. The same results were obtained in the PSM analysis.ConclusionThe long-term outcomes of HCC patients with late recurrence were significantly better than those with early recurrence. RH should be the first choice for solitary small recurrent HCC patients with late recurrence, while MWA should be selected for those with early recurrence.     

Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection: prognostic factors and long-term outcome.

AIM: The prognosis of patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic resection varies widely. This study analyzed long-term survival and prognostic factors of patients with recurrent HCC after hepatectomy. METHODS: From July 1991 to December 2000, 623 patients underwent hepatic resection for HCC. Of those, 347 (56.5%) patients had tumour recurrence, and 286 patients with follow-up time more than 24 months after recurrence were enrolled. Twenty-seven clinicopathologic factors underwent both univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Of these 286 patients, survival times after tumour recurrence were mean 672+/-619 days; median 468 days; and, range 10-3753 days. The overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year post-recurrence survival rates were 61.5, 33.4, 18.2, and 9.0%, respectively. Seventy (24.5%) patients were alive at the time of study, and 10 of the 34 patients who underwent re-resection were disease-free. By Cox regression analysis, multiple initial tumours (relative risk (RR) 1.428), recurrent multiple (RR 1.372), extrahepatic recurrence (RR 2.434), recurrent tumour size >2 cm (RR 1.926), post-hepatectomy period until recurrence <1 year (RR 1.769), and non-resectional treatment of recurrent tumours (RR 3.527) were independent prognostic factors for post-recurrent survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with recurrent HCC after hepatectomy, both initial and recurrent tumour factors influenced their prognosis. Early detection of recurrent tumours is important. Re-resection correlated with better post-recurrent survival rates.