闭合复位交锁髓内钉配合中药治疗胫骨干闭合性骨折

目的 探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉配合中药治疗胫骨干闭合性骨折的临床应用技术和疗效。方法 本组31例胫骨干新鲜闭合性骨折，全部行闭合复位交锁髓内钉静力性固定配合中药治疗。结果 经11～26个月（平均15个月）随访，骨折全部愈合，按Klemm功能恢复分级标准，全部优。结论 闭合复位交锁髓内钉配合中约是治疗胫骨干闭合性骨折的理想方法。     

闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折

目的探讨临床应用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法笔者自2002年6月～2005年5月，采用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折28例。结果获得随访28例，时间4～20个月，平均11个月。骨折平均愈合时间5个月，根据HSS膝关节临床功能评定：优12例，良11例，优良率82．2％，可5例（17．8％），无术后感染及内固定断裂。结论闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉能提供坚强内固定，出血少，创伤小，有利于骨折的愈合和膝关节功能的恢复，是治疗股骨远端骨折的较理想方法。     

骨科三角支架的设计及临床应用研究

目的介绍一种自行设计的骨科三角支架在胫骨骨折闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定术中的应用。方法对2003年1月至2005年12月应用骨科三角支架结合交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨新鲜骨折140例进行回顾性分析。手术采用闭合复位，术中使用普通手术床和骨科三角支架，复位满意。结果140例中随访126例，平均手术时间50min，随访时间10～16个月，平均14个月，骨折全部愈合，1例延迟愈合，无感染病例，采用Johner—wruh法评定疗效，优103例，良18例，可5例，肢体、关节功能恢复优良率96％。结论术中应用骨科三角支架使胫骨骨折闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定变得简便易行，具有省时省力、骨折复位满意、骨折愈合率高及功能恢复快的特点。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折

目的探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法对32例股骨干骨折应用闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗，均闭合复位顺行置钉。结果所有患者随访6～26个月，术后复位满意，骨折平均愈合时间12周，术后均愈合良好，无主钉或锁钉断裂，无肢体短缩、功能障碍、感染。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨干骨折的一种创伤小、并发症少、骨愈合时间短、术后患者恢复好的内固定方法。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折

目的探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的临床应用和疗效。方法对21例胫骨干新鲜闭合性骨折患者行闭合复位交锁髓内钉静力性固定。结果经6~29个月随访,21例骨折全部愈合。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨干骨折的理想方法。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床体会

目的考察闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法本院从2004年1月至2012年4月应用闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗治疗胫骨骨折30例,根据患者治疗随访及评价。结果所有患者骨折均在8～18周愈合．平均愈合时间12周．按Johner—Wruhs评定标准,优良率达90％。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折具有手术创伤小、感染少、固定确切、破坏骨折处局部血供小、骨折早期愈合等优点。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床体会

目的考察闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法本院从2004年1月至2012年4月，应用闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗治疗胫骨骨折30例，根据患者治疗随访及评价。结果所有患者骨折均在8-18周愈合，平均愈合时间12周。按Johner-Wruhs评定标准。优良率达90％。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉内治疗胫骨骨折具有手术创伤小、感染少、固定确切、破坏骨折处局部血供小、骨折早期愈合等优点。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的临床疗效

[目的]探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的临床疗效.[方法]对自2004年1月～2010年6月本院收治采用C型臂X线机透视下闭合带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干中下段粉碎性骨折,并在本院取出内固定的128例患者,进行回顾性分析.[结果]本组128例均获得完整随访,随访时间1.5 ～3年,平均26个月.128例均完全骨性愈合,其中8例延迟愈合,5例出现远端锁钉断钉,2例术后胫骨结节处疼痛,膝关节功能较健侧无差异.[结论]闭合交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干中下段粉碎性骨折,创伤小,手术时间短,复位满意,固定牢靠.可避免切开复位时剥离骨膜对血运的破坏,有利于骨折愈合.术后可早期功能锻炼,有利于恢复患肢功能,临床效果满意.     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折

目的:总结使用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折的临床经验。方法:回顾2000年2月～2003年1月使用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折49例,其中股骨18例,胫骨31例;闭合性骨折40例,开放性骨折9例,均采用国产带瞄准器交锁髓内钉,以小切口开放复位,顺行扩髓并静力锁钉。结果:随访时间8～12以上,骨折均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间19.5周,邻近关节功能恢复好,无深部感染、断钉及脂肪栓塞等并发症。结论:采用小切口开放复位、扩髓、静力锁定治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折,具有骨折固定强度大、愈合快,邻近关节活动早,无断钉、骨折再移位、感染明显升高等优点,是治疗股骨及胫骨干骨折的理想方法之一。     

Grosse-Kempf交锁髓内钉治疗下肢复杂性骨折的临床分析

目的探讨Grosse-Kempf交锁髓内钉治疗下肢复杂性骨折的临床疗效。方法应用国产Grosse-Kempf交锁髓内钉治疗复杂性下肢骨折38例,开放性骨折12例,闭合性骨折26例。股骨24例,胫骨14例,平均年龄33.6岁,均在C形臂下复位固定,术后下肢CPM功能康复,2周后扶拐下床活动。结果38例切口均Ⅰ期愈合,骨折愈合时间8～12周,平均10.5周,平均随访14.5月,术后综合疗效评定均达优良标准,临床效果满意。结论Grosse-Kempf交锁髓内钉治疗下肢复杂性骨折简便、牢固、安全、有效。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Research Update on Stress Riser Fractures

Stress fractures are fatigue-induced fractures which are caused by repetitive force, often from overuse. They are well-established and frequently encountered in the field of orthopedics. Stress fractures occur in the bone because of low-bone strength and high chronic mechanical stress placed on the bone. Stress riser fractures are also stress fractures that occur because of the presence of cortical defects (holes), changes in stiffness, sharp corners, and cracks (fracture lines). Periprosthetic or peri-implant fractures are good examples of stress riser fractures that occur in regions where stress forces are higher than those in the surrounding material. Most stress riser fractures are related to technical errors (iatrogenic causes) and are difficult to manage. It is possible and more effective to prevent the creation of stress riser fractures through better surgical techniques. The proper terminology for stress fractures, stress riser fractures, periprosthetic fractures, peri-implant fractures, interprosthetic fractures, and interimplant fractures is discussed. This review of the current state of knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress riser fractures is based on clinical evidence and recent literature.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。