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1.
Christina R Maxwell Julia Parish-Morris Olivia Hsin Jennifer C Bush Robert T Schultz 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2013,5(1):25
Background
Broad autism phenotype (BAP) is a milder expression of the social and communication impairments seen in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While prior studies characterized the BAP in unaffected family members of probands with ASD, the relationship between parental BAP traits and proband symptomatology remains poorly understood. This study utilizes the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) in parents and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in children to examine this connection. We hypothesized that in families affected by ASD, elevated maternal and paternal BAPQ scores would correlate with greater autism symptomatology in diagnosed children. In an extension of prior research, we also explored this relationship in families with typically developing children (TDC).Methods
Two hundred and forty-five children with ASD, 129 TDC and all parents were recruited as part of a larger study investigating relationships between genes, brain and behavior. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and expert clinical judgment confirmed ASD diagnoses in children. SRS was collected for all children. Parents completed a self-report BAPQ and an informant report BAPQ for their spouse; an average of self-report and informant report for each parent was used in all analyses.Results
Mothers and fathers of children with ASD had significantly higher rates of BAP traits as compared to parents of TDC. Maternal and paternal BAPQ total scores were not correlated with child IQ in either group. In the ASD group, 10% of mothers and 21% of fathers scored above the established BAP threshold compared to 4% of TDC parents. Crude regression analyses showed that maternal and paternal BAPQ total scores accounted for significant variance in child SRS scores in both ASD (17.1%) and TDC (19.8%) families.Conclusions
Our results suggest that broad autism symptomatology in parents is moderately associated with their child’s autism symptomatology. This result extended to TDC families, suggesting that the BAPQ and SRS capture subtle, subclinical social variation in both children and adults. These findings could help define multi-generational social impairments in future phenotypic and genetic studies. 相似文献2.
Veronika Marcincakova Husarova Silvia Lakatosova Anna Pivovarciova Katarina Babinska Jan Bakos Jaroslava Durdiakova Aneta Kubranska Igor Ondrejka Daniela Ostatnikova 《Psychiatry investigation》2016,13(2):174-183
Objective
Oxytocin (OT) has been implicated to play an important role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) etiology. We aimed to find out the differences in plasma OT levels between children with autism and healthy children, the associations of OT levels with particular autism symptoms and the associations of particular parental autistic traits with their ASD children OT levels.Methods
We included 19 boys with autism and 44 healthy age-matched boys. OT levels were analyzed by ELISA method. Children with autism were scored by Childhood Autism Rating Scale and Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), adjusted research version. Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Systemizing Quotient (SQ) and Empathizing Quotient were completed by parents of children with autism.Results
Children with autism had significantly lower plasma OT levels than controls. OT levels positively correlated with ADI Reciprocal Interaction and Communication scores. AQ and SQ of fathers positively correlated with children plasma OT level.Conclusion
Our results support the hypothesis of OT deficiency in autism. The "paradoxical" associations of OT levels and social skills in children with autism indicate disturbances at various levels of OT system. We first reported associations of OT levels in children with autism and behavioral measures in fathers indicating that OT abnormalities stay between parental autistic traits and autism symptoms in their children. 相似文献3.
Michael A. Petalas Richard P. HastingsSusie Nash Louise M. Hall Helen Joannidi Alan Dowey 《Research in autism spectrum disorders》2012,6(1):546
Research with siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) suggests that they may be at increased risk for behavioural and emotional problems and relatively poor sibling relationships. This study investigated a diathesis-stress model, whereby the presence of Broad Autism Phenotype features in the typically developing siblings might interact with family-environmental risk variables to predict sibling functioning (5-17 years of age) of children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), their child with an ASD, and their own psychological well-being. Sibling adjustment was associated with the extent of behaviour problems in the child with an ASD and with the extent of the sibling's Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) features. Sibling relationships were more negative when the child with an ASD had more behaviour problems and when there was evidence of critical expressed emotion in the family environment. Siblings with more BAP features, who had brothers/sisters with an ASD and a greater number of behaviour problems, had more behaviour problems themselves. Siblings with more BAP features who had parents with mental health problems reported more sibling relationship conflict. 相似文献
4.
Hurley RS Losh M Parlier M Reznick JS Piven J 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2007,37(9):1679-1690
The broad autism phenotype (BAP) is a set of personality and language characteristics that reflect the phenotypic expression
of the genetic liability to autism, in non-autistic relatives of autistic individuals. These characteristics are milder but
qualitatively similar to the defining features of autism. A new instrument designed to measure the BAP in adults, the Broad
Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), was administered to 86 parents of autistic individuals and 64 community control parents.
Sensitivity and specificity of the BAPQ for detecting the BAP were high (>70%). Parents of children with autism had significantly
higher scores on all three subscales: aloof personality, rigid personality, and pragmatic language. This instrument provides
a valid and efficient measure for characterizing the BAP. 相似文献
5.
Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in communication and social ability, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behavior. Anxiety is a persistent anticipation or apprehension about one or more situations to which a person is exposed, and affects many people, including children with ASD. Stress, by contrast, is a response to situations that are threatening, uncontrollable, or unexpected. Indices of anxiety are often measured through informants, with parents and teachers serving as the primary sources of reported anxiety in children. However, self-report measures exist, allowing current (state) and persistent (trait) anxiety to be assessed. The current study was designed to evaluate whether children with autism could identify their own levels of anxiety and the degree to which these levels were associated with symptom profile and physiological arousal.Methods
Self-reported state and trait anxiety were collected during exposure to different stress paradigms for 40 children (21 typically developing, 19 with autistic disorder) and compared to parent reported social ability (Social Responsiveness Scale) and stress responsivity (cortisol).Results
Significant differences were found between typically developing and children with autism for both state and trait anxiety across all conditions. Associations were identified between severity of parent-reported social impairment and both types of self-report anxiety. No relationship was found between stress (salivary cortisol) and anxiety in children with autism.Conclusions
Children with autism are able to consistently report their persistent level of anxiety symptoms in stressful situations of benign character. Therefore, the inclusion of such measures may be useful in identifying and tracking symptoms in children with autism under appropriate circumstances. 相似文献6.
Objective
Research findings debate about features of broad autism phenotype. In this study, we tested whether parents of children with autism have problems recognizing emotional facial expression and the contribution of such an impairment to the broad phenotype of autism.Method
Seventy-two parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder and 38 parents of control group participated in the study. Broad autism features was measured with Autism Quotient (AQ). Recognition of Emotional Face Expression Test was assessed with the Emotion Recognition Test, consisting a set of photographs from Ekman & Friesen’s.Results
In a two-tailed analysis of variance of AQ, there was a significant difference for social skills (F(1, 106) = 6.095; p < .05). Analyses of variance revealed significant difference in the recognition of happy, surprised and neutral expressions (F(1, 106) = 4.068, p = .046; F(1, 106) = 4.068, p = .046; F(1, 106) = 6.064, p = .016).Conclusion
According to our findings, social impairment could be considered a characteristic feature of BAP. ASD parents had difficulty recognizing neutral expressions, suggesting that ASD parents may have impaired recognition of ambiguous expressions as do autistic children. 相似文献7.
Xueyun Su Ru Ying Cai Mirko Uljarević 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2018,48(4):1159-1168
The aim of this study was to explore the influence of parental intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), sensory sensitivity (SS) and Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP), as well as the severity of their children’s autism symptoms and co-morbid symptoms, on the mental health of Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One hundred and twenty-two parents (86.9% mothers; M age = 35.64 years, SD?=?4.21) of children with ASD took part. Regression and mediation analyses showed that children’s internalizing difficulties, parental BAP and IU had a direct effect, and SS had an indirect effect through IU, on parental mental health. We did not find a significant relationship between parental mental health and children’s ASD severity. Our findings emphasise the need to focus on parental traits when considering their well-being and mental health, and have implications for the design of evidence-based services to support the needs of parents. 相似文献
8.
Corbett BA Mendoza S Wegelin JA Carmean V Levine S 《Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN》2008,33(3):227-234
Objective
Autism is characterized by impairment in communication and social interaction, by repetitive behaviours and by difficulty in adapting to novel experiences. The objective of the current investigation was to replicate and extend our previous findings showing variable circadian rhythm and significant elevations in cortisol following exposure to a novel stimulus (mock magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]).Methods
Circadian rhythms of cortisol were estimated in 22 children with and 22 children without autism via analysis of salivary samples collected in the morning, afternoon and evening over 6 separate days. We assessed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responsiveness by examining changes in salivary cortisol in response to a mock MRI. One-half of the children were re-exposed to the MRI environment.Results
Children with autism showed a decrease in cortisol in the morning over 6 days while maintaining higher evening values. Children with autism also showed more within-and between-subject variability in circadian rhythms. Although the cortisol values tended to be higher in some of the children with autism, a statistically significant elevation in cortisol in response to the initial mock MRI was not observed. Rather, both groups showed heightened cortisol at the arrival to the second visit to the imaging centre, suggesting an anticipatory response to the re-exposure to the mock MRI.Conclusion
Children with autism showed dysregulation of the circadian rhythm evidenced by variability between groups, between children and within individual child comparisons. Both groups demonstrated increased salivary cortisol in anticipation of re-exposure to the perceived stressor.Medical subject headings: autistic disorder, cortisol, circadian rhythm, stress 相似文献9.
Lynn D Miller Yvonne J Martinez Ellen Shumka Heather Baker 《Revue canadienne de psychiatrie》2014,59(1):34-39
Objective:
Extant research concerning the degree of multiple informant (that is, parent, clinician, teacher, and child) agreement for child anxiety ratings generally uses clinical samples, and results have been mixed.Method:
Our study used a community sample of public school children (n = 1039) to investigate child (self), parent, and teacher reports of child anxiety across 3 time points (pretreatement, posttreatment, and follow-up) in 3 independent school prevention and intervention trials.Results:
Results showed that parents and teachers had high informant agreement for ratings on anxiety across the 3 time points (r = 0.95 to 0.96, P < 0.001); agreement between parent and child (self) reports and between teacher and child (self) reports consistently showed lower agreement across the 3 time points (r = 0.14 and 0.28, respectively, P < 0.001). Group differences were also significant for sex and grade, whereby females more commonly self-reported higher anxiety and children in grades 3 and 4 self-reported higher anxiety, compared with students in grades 5 to 7.Conclusion:
Correlations between parent and teacher with child ratings were poor over 3 time points, and significant differences were found for sex and grade. Research is needed to understand reasons for poor concordance between parent, child, and teacher ratings of anxiety for all children. 相似文献10.
Joseph Piven Veronica J Vieland Morgan Parlier Ann Thompson Irene O’Conner Mark Woodbury-Smith Yungui Huang Kimberly A Walters Bridget Fernandez Peter Szatmari 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2013,5(1):30
Background
Efforts to uncover the risk genotypes associated with the familial nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have had limited success. The study of extended pedigrees, incorporating additional ASD-related phenotypes into linkage analysis, offers an alternative approach to the search for inherited ASD susceptibility variants that complements traditional methods used to study the genetics of ASD.Methods
We examined evidence for linkage in 19 extended pedigrees ascertained through ASD cases spread across at least two (and in most cases three) nuclear families. Both compound phenotypes (i.e., ASD and, in non-ASD individuals, the broad autism phenotype) and more narrowly defined components of these phenotypes, e.g., social and repetitive behavior, pragmatic language, and anxiety, were examined. The overarching goal was to maximize the aggregate information available on the maximum number of individuals and to disaggregate syndromic phenotypes in order to examine the genetic underpinnings of more narrowly defined aspects of ASD behavior.Results
Results reveal substantial between-family locus heterogeneity and support the importance of previously reported ASD loci in inherited, familial, forms of ASD. Additional loci, not seen in the ASD analyses, show evidence for linkage to the broad autism phenotype (BAP). BAP peaks are well supported by multiple subphenotypes (including anxiety, pragmatic language, and social behavior) showing linkage to regions overlapping with the compound BAP phenotype. Whereas ''repetitive behavior’, showing the strongest evidence for linkage (Posterior Probability of Linkage = 62% at 6p25.2-24.3, and 69% at 19p13.3), appears to be linked to novel regions not detected with other compound or narrow phenotypes examined in this study.Conclusions
These results provide support for the presence of key features underlying the complexity of the genetic architecture of ASD: substantial between-family locus heterogeneity, that the BAP appears to correspond to sets of subclinical features segregating with ASD within pedigrees, and that different features of the ASD phenotype segregate independently of one another. These findings support the additional study of larger, even more individually informative pedigrees, together with measurement of multiple, behavioral- and biomarker-based phenotypes, in both affected and non-affected individuals, to elucidate the complex genetics of familial ASD. 相似文献11.
Julie Davidson Robin P. Goin-Kochel Lee Anne Green-Snyder Rachel J. Hundley Zachary Warren Sarika U. Peters 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2014,44(10):2392-2399
The broad autism phenotype (BAP) refers to the phenotypic expression of an underlying genetic liability to autism, manifest in non-autistic relatives. This study examined the relationship among the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), Social Responsiveness Scale: Adult Research Version (SRS:ARV), and Family History Interview (FHI) in a large, multi-site study of 1,650 simplex families (Simons Simplex Collection). Correlations between the BAPQ and SRS:ARV Total scores were moderate, and correlations between FHI ratings and SRS:ARV and BAPQ were significant but weak. Overall, the results suggested that BAP traits occur at low rates in simplex families, and rates vary significantly depending upon the measure utilized. Implications include the need for multiple informants, and the assessment of distinct BAP traits in large-scale genetic studies of individuals with ASD. 相似文献
12.
Maryam Tajmirriyahi Vahid Nejati Hamidreza Pouretemad Rouhollah Mansuri Sepehr 《Research in autism spectrum disorders》2013,7(12):1543-1550
One core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is impairment in social functioning and inferring mental states and emotions referred to theory of mind (TOM). The “Broad Autism Phenotype” (BAP) proposes that defining features of autism express in milder form among first degree relatives of these patients. Theory of mind deficits has been examined using advanced TOM tasks such as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. This study has furthered previous findings using another test designed to tap higher TOM abilities named “Mind Reading in the Voice”. The objective of this study is to examine theory of mind abilities from two main communicative sources in parents of children with ASD in contrast to two groups, one clinical and one non-clinical. Forty-eight parents of individuals with autism, 31 parents of individuals with Down syndrome and 30 parents of typically developed children were administered two tests of mind-reading. Analysis revealed that although there is not a significant difference between three groups’ performance in “Mind Reading from Eyes”, parents of children with ASD have significantly lower performance in “Mind Reading from Voice”. It can be concluded that TOM deficits in parents of children with ASD are not restricted to inferring mental states form eyes and deficits in mind-reading from voice could also be a part of BAP. 相似文献
13.
Elie Pouillaude 《L'évolution Psychiatrique》2018,83(4):533-543
Aim
This article examines the failure of the processes enabling access to intersubjectivity and to primary subjectivation in the treatment of small children presenting autism, and the consequences thereof in the development of parenting exercised by the mothers and fathers of such children. The psychotherapeutic processes implemented via narrative and testimonial functions during consultations appear necessary to relaunch narrative identity and the capacity for parental reverie.Methods
The author first of all outlines a number of clinical and psychopathological elements specific to the development of early mechanisms in small children. Clinical practice in infantile autism explores the failure to create pre-narrative envelopes and failure to tune the intersubjective psychic work that could generate primary subjectivation processes and create an intrapsychic world at the time of primary psychic conflict. This clinical approach provides access to the early psychic mechanisms. Secondly, the author points to a number of elements with which to analyse the situation of parents confronted with their child's psychopathological disorder, which can in itself constitute trauma in the parenting experience. The clinician's diagnosis may cause a breakdown of the fantasies entertained by parents about their child, whereby the objective reality of the diagnosis puts an end to the imaginings intrinsic to parenthood and thus causes mental trauma. Finally, the author examines ways of re-initiating parental functions “frozen” by such trauma, through the use of therapeutic functions that enable the trauma to be elaborated.Results
The underlying psychotherapeutic principle involves rehabilitating an early environment for the child, an environment in which the encounter with the affective sphere initially failed to meet the child's needs for narcissistic cohesion. The therapist must support the ability of the mother's mindset to accommodate the non-symbolised mental experience of parenthood, in order to contribute to its elaboration.Discussion
All mental development supposes an encounter with otherness, and thus with intersubjectivity, and failure on the interpersonal level precludes any transition to the intrapsychic state. Infantile autism can thus be considered as a major failure in the processes of accessing intersubjectivity, which prevents the development of subjectivation processes. Given the breakdown of the projected parental identification and of everything that makes the child thinkable, the discussion focuses on relaunching regressive identification processes that enable parents to maintain a viable relationship with their own infantile attributes. The author emphasises the link between restoring the parents’ narrative function and reconstructing a link with their child to provide a narrative space.Conclusion
Dysfunctions in affective tuning, whether non-language-based (primary symbolisation) or language-based (secondary symbolisation), and in the constitution of pre-narrative envelopes affect the processes of access to subjectivity and intersubjectivity. Infantile autism brings the parent face to face with a traumatic experience that puts and end to the fantasy and the imagined role of parenthood. The imagined parent-child relationship is certain to be eroded by the experience of reality, which impinges on both the capacity for maternal reverie and the associated narrative space. In the face of the breakdown of the narrative function that affects the parents, the re-launching of the processes of refiguring enables transition from history to narrative, and can restore the parental narrative space as a space able to accommodate reverie and play between parent and child. The testimonial function mobilised by the therapeutic process can enable a new elaboration of the early disorders affecting the child and his environment. 相似文献14.
Annette Estes Lonnie Zwaigenbaum Hongbin Gu Tanya St. John Sarah Paterson Jed T. Elison Heather Hazlett Kelly Botteron Stephen R. Dager Robert T. Schultz Penelope Kostopoulos Alan Evans Geraldine Dawson Jordana Eliason Shanna Alvarez Joseph Piven IBIS network 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2015,7(1)
Background
To delineate the early progression of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, this study investigated developmental characteristics of infants at high familial risk for ASD (HR), and infants at low risk (LR).Methods
Participants included 210 HR and 98 LR infants across 4 sites with comparable behavioral data at age 6, 12, and 24 months assessed in the domains of cognitive development (Mullen Scales of Early Learning), adaptive skills (Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales), and early behavioral features of ASD (Autism Observation Scale for Infants). Participants evaluated according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria at 24 months and categorized as ASD-positive or ASD-negative were further stratified by empirically derived cutoff scores using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule yielding four groups: HR-ASD-High, HR-ASD-Moderate (HR-ASD-Mod), HR-ASD-Negative (HR-Neg), and LR-ASD-Negative (LR-Neg).Results
The four groups demonstrated different developmental trajectories that became increasingly distinct from 6 to 24 months across all domains. At 6 months, the HR-ASD-High group demonstrated less advanced Gross Motor and Visual Reception skills compared with the LR-Neg group. By 12 months, the HR-ASD-High group demonstrated increased behavioral features of ASD and decreased cognitive and adaptive functioning compared to the HR-Neg and LR-Neg groups. By 24 months, both the HR-ASD-High and HR-ASD-Moderate groups demonstrated differences from the LR- and HR-Neg groups in all domains.Conclusions
These findings reveal atypical sensorimotor development at 6 months of age which is associated with ASD at 24 months in the most severely affected group of infants. Sensorimotor differences precede the unfolding of cognitive and adaptive deficits and behavioral features of autism across the 6- to 24-month interval. The less severely affected group demonstrates later symptom onset, in the second year of life, with initial differences in the social-communication domain.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11689-015-9117-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献15.
Elie Pouillaude 《L'évolution Psychiatrique》2018,83(4):e27-e36
Aim
This article examines the failure of the processes of access to intersubjectivity and to primary subjectivation in the treatment of young children presenting autism, and the consequences thereof for the development of parenthood. The psychotherapeutic nature of certain narrative and testimonial processes used during parent-child consultations appears as a critical element in the restarting of narrative identity and of the capacity for parental reverie.Methods
The author first outlines a number of clinical and psychopathological features of the development of early mechanisms in young children. Clinical practice with childhood autism explores failures in the formation of pre-narrative envelopes and the failure to establish intersubjective psychical work, both of which are necessary for the emergence of the processes of primary subjectivation and for the formation of an intrapsychical world during the period of primitive psychical conflict. This clinical approach provides access to the early psychical mechanisms. Secondly, the author lists several elements with which to analyze the situation of parents confronted with their child's psychopathological disorder, which can in itself constitute a traumatic experience for parents. A therapist's diagnosis can cause a disruption of the parent's fantasies about his or her child, with the real of the diagnosis shutting down the imaginary work that is an integral part of parenthood, hence the traumatic nature of the announcement. Finally, the author examines ways of restarting “frozen” parental functions, through the use of therapeutic functions that allow for an elaboration of the trauma.Results
The underlying psychotherapeutic principle involves rehabilitating the early environment, an environment in which the encounter with the affective sphere initially failed to meet the child's needs for narcissistic cohesion. The therapist must support the maternal psyche's capacity for hosting, gathering an unsymbolized parental psychical experience in his or her own psyche in order to encourage its elaboration.Discussion
All psychical growth depends upon an encounter with otherness, with intersubjectivity; and a failure in the interpersonal register can hinder the passage to the intrapsychical register. Childhood autism can be considered as a major failure of the processes leading to intersubjectivity, which, in turn, prevents the processes of subjectivation from taking hold. Confronted with the breakdown of the parent's projective identifications and of the conditions of making the child thinkable, the discussion focuses on restarting the processes of regressive identification that allow parents to maintain an active link with their own childish aspects. The author emphasizes the link between restoring the parents’ narrative function and restructuring the parent-child bond as a “story space”.Conclusion
Dysfunctional affect attunement – whether non-language-based (primary symbolization) or language-based (secondary symbolization) – and disruptions in the formation of pre-narrative envelopes affect the processes of access to subjectivity and to intersubjectivity. Childhood autism can be a traumatic experience that interrupts fantasy and the imaginary investments of parenthood. The imagined parent-child relationship can be damaged by the encounter with the real, which impacts both the capacity for maternal reverie and its associated narrative space. For parents whose narrative function has been “fractured”, the restarting of the processes of refiguration that allow for the passage from history to its narration has the power to restore the parental narrative space, transforming it into a site of reverie and play between parent and child. The testimonial function mobilized by the therapeutic process can thus enable a re-elaboration of the problems that affected the child and its early environment. 相似文献16.
17.
Jason J Wolff Heather C Hazlett Amy A Lightbody Allan L Reiss Joseph Piven 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2013,5(1):12
Background
Following from previous work suggesting that neurobehavioral features distinguish fragile X and idiopathic variants of autism, we investigated the relationships between four forms of repetitive behavior (stereotypy, self-injury, compulsivity, ritual behavior) and caudate nuclei volume in two groups: boys with fragile X syndrome, a subset of whom met criteria for autism, and a comparison group of boys with idiopathic autism.Methods
Bilateral caudate nuclei volumes were measured in boys aged 3 to 6 years with fragile X syndrome (n = 41), the subset of boys with fragile X syndrome and autism (n = 16), and boys with idiopathic autism (n = 30). Repetitive behaviors were measured using the Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised.Results
For boys with idiopathic autism, left caudate volume was modestly associated with self-injury, while both compulsive and ritual behaviors showed significant positive correlations with bilateral caudate nuclei volumes, replicating previous results. For boys with fragile X syndrome, there was no such association between caudate volume and compulsive behaviors. However, we did identify significant positive correlations between self-injury total scores and number of self-injury topographies with bilateral caudate nuclei volumes.Conclusions
These findings suggest a specific role for the caudate nucleus in the early pathogenesis of self-injurious behavior associated with both idiopathic autism and fragile X syndrome. Results further indicate that the caudate may be differentially associated with compulsive behavior, highlighting the utility of isolating discrete brain-behavior associations within and between subtypes of autism spectrum disorder. 相似文献18.
Qualls Lydia R. Hartmann Kathrin Paulson James F. Wells Nicole Kreiser 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2022,52(4):1678-1692
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) are more likely than individuals with typical development (TD)... 相似文献
19.
Thomas H Wassink Heather C Hazlett Lea K Davis Allan L Reiss Joseph Piven 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2014,6(1):6
Background
Autism and the fragile X syndrome (FXS) are related to each other genetically and symptomatically. A cardinal biological feature of both disorders is abnormalities of cerebral cortical brain volumes. We have previously shown that the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter polymorphism is associated with cerebral cortical volumes in children with autism, and we now sought to determine whether the association was also present in children with FXS.Methods
Participants included 47 2-year-old Caucasian boys with FXS, some of whom also had autism, as well as 34 2-year-old boys with idiopathic autism analyzed in a previous study. The MAOA promoter polymorphism was genotyped and tested for relationships with gray and white matter volumes of the cerebral cortical lobes and cerebro-spinal fluid volume of the lateral ventricles.Results
MAOA genotype effects in FXS children were the same as those previously observed in idiopathic autism: the low activity MAOA promoter polymorphism allele was associated with increased gray and white matter volumes in all cerebral lobes. The effect was most pronounced in frontal lobe gray matter and all three white matter regions: frontal gray, F = 4.39, P = 0.04; frontal white, F = 5.71, P = 0.02; temporal white, F = 4.73, P = 0.04; parieto-occipital white, F = 5.00, P = 0.03. Analysis of combined FXS and idiopathic autism samples produced P values for these regions <0.01 and effect sizes of approximately 0.10.Conclusions
The MAOA promoter polymorphism is similarly associated with brain structure volumes in both idiopathic autism and FXS. These data illuminate a number of important aspects of autism and FXS heritability: a genetic effect on a core biological trait of illness, the specificity/generalizability of the genetic effect, and the utility of examining individual genetic effects on the background of a single gene disorder such as FXS. 相似文献20.
Hyo-Won Kim Soo-Churl Cho Boong-Nyun Kim Jae-Won Kim Min-Sup Shin Yeni Kim 《Psychiatry investigation》2009,6(4):278-285