A STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF γ-GLUTAMYLTRANSPEPTIDASE OF HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) from human esophageal cancer, normal esophageal mucosa and normal kindney were partially purified and their biochemical and immunological properties were studied. (1) The γ-GT activity of esophageal cancer was higher than that of normal mucosa, yet still much lower than that of normal kidney. (2) The Michaelis constant and optimum pH of esophageal cancer γ-GT were the same as those of normal kidney tissue. (3) After staining of γ-GT activity, two molecular clusters, i.e. 100kD and 380kD γ-GT were shown in esophageal cancer by 4-20% linear gradient PAGE and the lOOkD γ-GT showed higher activity. (4) The γ-GT of esophageal cancer was immunologically identical with normal enzyme in double immunodif-fusion and immunoelectrophoresis. (5) In double lectin-diffusion, affinity column and crossed immuno-affino-electrophoresis, it was demonstrated that the carbohydrate components of γ-GT from esophageal cancer were heterogeneous and rich in D-Mannose, D-Glucose and N-Acety     

DIAGNOSIS OF To CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST (A REPORT OF 74 CASES)

From 1978 through 1986, 74 cases (77 lesions) of T0 carcinoma of the breast were studied. All of these cases were treated with mastectomy. Pathologically, 52 cases (67.5%) were early carcinoma, including non-invasive (30), early invasive (19) and specific type (3). Axillary lymph node metastasis was present in 12.9% of the cases. Follow-up study revealed that 46 patients have been living and in good health for 3-5 years. For successful detection, the following prerequisites are indispensable: (1) physicians concerned must be aware of the new concept that most early breast carcinoma may not be palpable; (2) physicians must be well familiarized with the clinical manifestations of nonpalpable carcinoma of the breast; (3) any abnormalities of the breast must be thoroughly investigated until proven otherwise; and <4) combined diagnostic procedures must be used.     

ROLE OF COLPOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN PAPI- LLOMAVIRUS INFECTION OF THE UTERINE CERVIX

Among 6706 women screened by cytology, only 9 (0.13%) showed evidence of human pppillomavirus infection (HPVI). In 133 women examined by colposcopy for abnormal cytology or/ and suspected lestions on the cervix, 41.(30. 8%) showed subclinical papillomavirus infection (SPI), while 17. 4% and 5. 3% showed HPVI by histopathology and cytology, respectively. The conformation rate between colposcopy and pathology was 69. 6%. Sixty-nine specimens out of 133 colposcopy piled biopaies were assayed by HPV-DNA dot hybridization with 6B/11, 16, 18 probes to detect the presence of HPV-DNA In the cervical specimens. Thirty-nine (56.5%) gave a positive result. The colposcopic predictive value of positive result for HPVI was 76.7%. The difference between colposcopy (59%) and pathology (20. 5%) is statistically significant (P<0. 01). These results suggest that colposcopy is superior to cytology and hjstopathology for the detection of SPI in the cervix. In colposcopy HPV-DNA positive women, aceto while epithelium was mos     

THE MUTAGENICITY OF METABOLITES OF PENICILLIUM CYCLOPIUM WESTLING

4 strains(7B_1,155D_1,26B_1,45A_1) were selected randomlyfrom the 19 strains of Penicillium cyclopium westling (P.cyclopium) which were isolated from the cereals of LinxianCounty,a high incident area of Esophageal Cancer.They werecultured in the Raulin-Thom medium at 25℃ for two weeks.     

EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT-8PPD UPON SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE OF MARROW CELL OF MICE

Antioxidant-8PPD,N-Benzyl-N'-(SEC)-Octgl-P-Phenylendiamine Qainoline is a kind of rubber Antio-xidant,recently produced by Shandong Ning Yang Che-mical Fertilizer Factory.To test whether Antioxidant8PPD has mutagenitic,we adopted a test of SisterChromatid Exchange(SCE)as to examine its heveditytoxicity.     

PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF EXPRESSION OF SURVIVIN IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA

Leukemia, one of the most common cancer, is diagnosed via morphology and immunophenotype, and it抯 incidence continues to rise. Although bone marrow transplantation and combination chemo- therapy have improved the outcome, many patients do not achieve complete remission (CR) and they ultimately relapse. In particular, acute leukemia (AL) is associated with poor prognosis and often runs a fulminant course. Regulated programmed cell death (Apoptosis) maintains normal homeostasis and organ mor…     

STUDIES ON THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF POLYPHASE LIPOSOME OF RICINOLEIC ACID CONTAINING SELENIUM

Emulsion and polyphase liposome (PL) of ricinoleic acid (RA) and RA containing selenium (Se-RA) were prepared by tween-80 treatment and injection-ultrasonic method. Their antitumor effects were tested in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the emulsion of RA (91 ) and Sc-RA (92) can completely kill the mouse ascites tumor cells of S180 in vitro (500 μg/ml). While. 97% cells of the control group still survive. When tested in vivo, 91 and 92 were injected into mice peritoneally (200 mg/Kg/day) for 7 days, their inhibit rate on S180 are 30. 6% (P<0. 05) and 33. 3% (P<0. 05) respectively. For the PL of RA (113) and Se-RA (114), the inhibit rate are 58% (P< 0.001) and 61.4% (P<0. 001) respectively (400 mg/kg/day). The result of 3H-TdR incorporation experiment indicates that the possible antitumor mechanism of Se-Ra is that it can inhibit the incorporation of 3H- TdR into tumor cells and hense inhibit the DNA synthesis of the tumor cells.     

PRIMARY MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA OF THE LARYNX: ANALYSIS OF 4 PATIENTS

From July 1969 to November 1991, 4 patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the larynx were treated.One case was received radiotherapy and followed- up survey for 20 years being healthy, 3 case were received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A total dose of 45-60 Gy was delivered. The disease can be classified four clinical types, (1) localized laryngeal lymphoma; (2) cephalocevical and larynx lymphoma; (3) laryngeal pieces region lymphoma; and (4) laryngeal pieces wildly spreaded lymphoma. The favorable prognostic factors were clinical course, clinical staging and the mode of treatment.     

SOME CLINICAL ASPECTS OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA MALIGNANCIES

ThereisnospecialreportaboutthesurgicaltreatmentofinfI.atemporalfossamalignanciesinChina.Theinfratemporalfossa(ITF)IiesbelowthelateralbaseoftheskuIl.ThecanceroftheITFiseasytorecurandthepatientusualIyhasashortsurvivalperiodbecauseofdifficultexposureandhighriskinoperationoftheITF.Althoughthecombinedtherapyisutilizedtotreatthemalignancies,thesurgicalresectionisthekeythatdecidestheprognosis.'I3casestreatedwithcombinedtherapyfroml988to1993inourhospitalarereported,andsomeimportantaspectsofthesu…     

INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN LEUKEMIA CELLS BY α-ANORDRIN

AnordrinisacontraceptiveagentwhichwasfirstdevelopedinChina.Previousstudyshowedthataisomerofanordrin(ANO)exhibitedantitumoreffectbothinvilroandinvivo.l'2Itwasalsofoundthatatsmalldoses,ANQcouldinducedifferentiationofhumanpromyelocyticleukemia.HL-60cells.3However,themechanismofitsaniitumoractivitywasstillnuclear.Inthiswork,wefurtherinvestigatedthetumor-inhibitoryeffectofANOtoexplorethepossiblemechanismsofitsaction.MATERIALSANDMETHODSDrugANOwasproducedbyShanghaiNo.19PharmaceuticalF…     

t(2;5) (p23;q35)-A Specific Chromosome Abnormality in Large Cell Anaplastic (Ki-1) Lymphoma

Chromosome abnormalities of three patients with Ki-1 lymphoma are presented. In order to be included in the study each case fulfilled the following criteria: the majority of the tumour cells were positive for the Ki-1 antigen (CD30), and the cells were large with relatively abundant, slightly basophilic cytoplasm. In all cases, a major proportion of mitoses contained a complicated clonal chromosome abnormality. Two patients had a 2;5 translocation; and the third had break points at 14q32 and 2p12. The latter patient showed expression of B-cell antigens and had rearrangements in the immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain genes. The two patients with the 2;5 translocation were epithelial membrane antigen positive, but did not exhibit rearrangements of immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor genes or expression of T-/B-cell antigens.     

Histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic analysis of Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphomas that express histiocyte-associated antigens

CD30/Ki-1 antigen expression in 243 cases of malignant lymphomas was examined using Ber-H2 monoclonal antibody. Among them 20 cases were categorized as Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma. In two of these cases histiocyte-associated markers were also expressed. In these cases histopathologic and extensive in situ immunophenotypic analyses were used with genotypic studies in the determination of cell lineage. A sinusoid histologic pattern of involvement with partial lymph node infiltration by pleomorphic neoplastic cells was noticed in the nodes from both patients. Solid areas of node replacement resembling metastatic carcinoma were seen in Patient 1. Immunohistologically, tumor cells of both cases were positive for CD30, CD25, CD71, LN3 (HLA-DR), EMA, CD45, CD74, vimentin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and CD68. Patient 1 was also CD45RO+, CD43+, whereas Patient 2 was positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and CD4 tumor cells. Genotypic studies revealed that TCR beta and TCR gamma chain genes were clonally rearranged in Patient 1, whereas no rearrangements were detected in Patient 2. This study supports the view that some Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphomas may express multiple histiocyte-associated antigens and confirms that this group of neoplasms have immunophenotypic heterogeneity. The results of genotypic analyses used with immunophenotyping does not exclude that the tumor cells in these cases may be of true histiocytic origin despite the Ki-1-positive phenotype.     

98例滤泡性淋巴瘤组织学及遗传学的初步研究

探讨滤泡性淋巴瘤FL的诊断、分级、鉴别诊断及染色体的易位状态。方法:回顾性分析98例FL的临床病理资料,对原始HE切片进行形态学观察,选取具有代表性的福尔马林固定并石蜡包埋的肿瘤组织制作成组织芯片,采用免疫组织化学方法,检测Bcl-2、CD10及Ki-67等抗原的表达,并采用双色荧光原位杂交技术FISH检测FL中Bcl-2-IgH及Bcl-6的易位状态。结果:98例FL的临床病理资料中,男性51例,女性47例,男女比例约为1.09:1;年龄范围25～83岁,中位年龄59岁。本组病例1～2级共54例,其中1级24例,2级30例,3a级26例,3b级18例。FL在形态学上具有典型特征,联合应用Bcl-2、CD10及Ki-67等免疫标记对其诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。免疫组织化学表型:Bcl-2阳性率为87.8%,CD10阳性率为62.2%,Ki-67高表达（≥25%）的阳性率为50.0%。FISH检测结果为FL的Bcl-2-IgH易位总的发生率是58.5%,1级、2级、3a级及3b级者分别为91.7%、63.0%、52.0%及16.7%16.7%。Bcl-2-IgH易位的状态与CD10的表达呈正相关,与Ki-67的表达呈负相关。FL中Bcl-6易位总的发生率为16.3%（15/92）, 其中1～2级的发生率为0,3级总的发生率为35.7%（15/42）,易位的发生均存在于高级别FL中。结论:FL的发病年龄较晚,中位年龄超过50岁,组织结构和构成细胞均具有典型的形态学特征;联合应用Bcl-2、CD10及Ki-67等抗体可基本明确诊断,辅以CD5、CD23、Cyclin D1和CD43可与反应性增生及其他B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤进行鉴别;FL中Bcl-2-IgH易位的发生率随着分级的增高逐渐降低,易位的状态与肿瘤分级及CD10和Ki-67的表达率相关;Bcl-6易位的出现与肿瘤分级相关,易位均存在于高级别FL中。      

免疫表型在滤泡性淋巴瘤病理诊断中的应用

目的 探讨免疫表型在滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)的病理诊断及FL的肿瘤性滤泡(NF)与反应性滤泡增生(RHF)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对50例FL患者进行临床表现和组织学观察,采用EnVision免疫组织化学方法检测CD20、bcl-2、CD3、CD10、bcl-6、CD21、Ki-67的表达,并以10例RHF患者作为对照.结果 50例FL患者中,男性24例,女性26例,中位年龄50岁(10～80岁).其中颈部病变32例(64％).组织学1～2级16例(32％),3级以上34例(68％).FL的NF组织中CD20、CD10、bcl-6均阳性表达,失去套区和生发中心构型,并向NF间浸润,外形不规则,周界不清;1～2级FL的NF中bcl-2均阳性,3级及以上FL中68％(23/34) NF阳性,32％(11/34) NF部分或全部阴性,阴性区周边呈锯齿状.1～2级FL Ki-67增殖指数＜30％,3级及以上均＞30％,最高达90％.FL的CD21显示滤泡树突细胞(FDC)网与NF同步增生,部分3级及以上病例FDC网破裂.而RHF中CD20整个滤泡阳性表达,呈圆形或卵圆形,周界较清楚;CD10、bcl-6、CD21阳性表达和bcl-2阴性表达均位于生发中心,周界清楚,无侵袭现象;Ki-67在生发中心高表达,有时可见极性.结论 FL的NF与RHF免疫组织化学表型的区别在于NF有侵袭性征象,失去滤泡套区和生发中心构型,而RHF保持正常滤泡的免疫表型,无侵袭征象.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血髓样抑制细胞的鉴定及其临床意义

目的 探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者外周血中髓样抑制细胞(MDSC)的表达情况及其临床意义.方法 收集2014年1月至2015年2月吉林省肿瘤医院69例NHL患者和21名健康人外周血,采用流式细胞术,通过抗CD11b、CD33、CD14、人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DR等不同荧光抗体组合来鉴定MDSC的细胞表面标志,应用免疫磁珠技术富集MDSC后采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和环氧合酶2(COX-2)的表达,采用体外增殖实验检测T细胞功能,分析MDSC水平与NHL患者临床病理特征的相关性.应用t检验和方差分析统计数据.结果NHL患者外周血中存在高水平的CD11b+CD14+CD33+细胞群,细胞形态属于单个核细胞.NHL患者和健康对照组CD11b+CD14+CD33+MDSC比例分别为(42±10)％和(34±11)％,差异具有统计学意义(t=0.300,P=0.005).CD11b+CD14+CD33+细胞和CD11b+CD14+CD33-细胞中Arg-1、COX-2和iNOS的相对表达量分别为0.12±0.04和1.00±0.25(t=6.095,P=0.024),3.03±0.45和1.00±0.78(t=7.766,P=0.016),0.29±0.11和1.00±0.04(t=1.987,P=0.209).该群细胞具有抑制T细胞增殖的能力.MDSC在不同国际预后指数(IPI)评分的患者中表达水平差异有统计学意义(F=2.536,P=0.049),在不同性别、年龄、病理类型、临床分期、血清乳酸脱氢酶、体力状况评分及β2微球蛋白的患者中表达水平差异均无统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论NHL患者外周血中存在高水平CD11b+CD14+CD33+细胞,表达髓样细胞特征性蛋白,具有抑制T细胞增殖的功能,符合MDSC特性,其水平与IPI评分有关.MDSC可能作为一种新的生物标志物用于NHL临床实践.     

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: the Most Common T-Cell Lymphoma in Pakistan

Objective: To study the prevalence and immunohistochemical profile of the subtypes of anaplastic large celllymphomas (ALCLs) at a major referral center of Pakistan. Methods: Epidemiological data for all mature T-cellnon-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed between 1st January 2005 and 30th June 2010 at the Aga KhanUniversity Department of Histopathology were reviewed and analyzed with SPSS v17.0. Results: A total of 178specimens were diagnosed as mature T- and NK- cell NHL during the period. Of these 100 (56.2%) were diagnosedas systemic ALCL. These tumors were of either T- or null-cell type with consistent (100%) expression of CD30(Ki-1). Forty three (43%) cases were further classified as ALK positive, fifty (50%) as ALK negative and seven(7%) were not tested for ALK expression. The mean age of the ALK positive group was 26.7 years as comparedto the ALK negative of 35.6 years. The gender ratio of ALK positive cases was 2.3:1 (M:F) as compared to the2.5:1 ratio seen in the ALK negative cases. There were no significant differences in the nodal and extra-nodalinvolvement patterns between ALK+ and ALK- groups but epithelial membrane antigen was positive moreoften in the ALK positive group. Conclusion: Compared to other published studies, this proportion of ALCLwithin the mature T- and NK- cell lymphoma category was found to be alarmingly high and calls for attention.Further studies should be conducted in our region, which in turn would enable clinicians to successfully battleagainst this neoplastic disease.     

抗CD20单克隆抗体在非霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨抗CD20单克隆抗体(美罗华)在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)治疗中的疗效。方法 应用美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗NHL20例，其中初治18例，难治2例；用于自体造血干细胞移植的体内净化4例；维持治疗5例。结果 诱导组20例中初治者18例，15例患者达到了完全缓解(CR)，3例达到部分缓解(PR)，CR率83％，总有效率100％。难治患者中1例达到PR，1例无疾病进展：未观察到美罗华对采集到的干细胞的质量和数量以及移植后造血恢复有不良影响，4例中2例细胞PCR．免疫球蛋白重排(IgH)检测转阴；维持治疗组中5例全部存活(最长随访33个月)。结论 美罗华联合化疗方案能够提高CD20^ NHL的疗效，有助于清除微小残留病灶，延长NHL的生存期。     

Co-expression of gastric and biliary phenotype in pyloric-gland type adenoma of the gallbladder: immunohistochemical analysis of mucin profile and CD10

Pyloric-gland type adenoma of the gallbladder is formed by proliferation of glands resembling pyloric glands, morphologically. No previous report has described the cellular phenotype and differentiation of pyloric-gland type adenoma of the gallbladder, using CD10 as a marker of proper biliary phenotype. Immunostainings were performed for mucin markers such as MUC5AC, human gastric mucin (HGM) for gastric foveolar type epithelium, MUC6, M-GGMC-1 for pyloric-gland type and MUC2 for intestinal goblet-cell type, and for CD10 as a proper biliary type marker on 58 pyloric-gland type adenomas of the gallbladder, as well as for p53, Ki-67 and CDX2. The percentage (X) of reactive cells in relation to the total number of tumor cells was estimated semi-quantitatively, and divided into four categories: X=0% (negative), 0%or=30%. CDX2 expression was considered to be positive when the percentage of positively stained cells was >or=10%. Out of the 58 pyloric-gland type adenomas, >or=30% of adenoma cells were positive for MUC5AC in 22 (38%) tumors, HGM in 29 (50%), MUC6 in 58 (100%), M-GGMC-1 in 54 (93%), MUC2 in none (0%), and CD10 in 20 (34%). MUC6 (P<0.001) and M-GGMC-1 (P<0.001) mucins were detected more frequently in pyloric-gland type adenomas, and CD10 expression was significantly decreased, compared with normal gallbladder epithelium (P=0.006). P53 overexpression was not found in any of the 58 tumors, including two adenomas with carcinomatous foci. The mean number of Ki-67-positive cells was 10.3+/-5.8%. CDX2 expression was judged as negative in all 58 pyloric-gland type adenomas. In pyloric-gland type adenomas of the gallbladder, expression of pyloric-gland type mucins was observed with a high frequency, whereas intestinal goblet-cell mucins were rarely seen. In addition, co-expression of gastric foveolar type mucins and CD10 was also demonstrated. Pyloric-gland type adenomas of the gallbladder show a differentiation toward pyloric glands in terms of immunohistochemistry, as well as morphology, accompanied by co-expression of gastric foveolar and native biliary phenotypes.     

Long-term survival in Ki-1 lymphoma

Three patients with histologic and immunologic features of Ki-1-positive large cell lymphoma, who experienced long-term survival, are presented. These three patients at 2, 28, and 49 years of age had adenopathy; all cases had been initially misdiagnosed as metastatic carcinoma or malignant histiocytosis. On subsequent review, they had sinusal and diffuse growth of large pleomorphic cells that were Ber-H2 (Ki-1; CD 30) positive. One case marked as a T-cell lymphoma with UCHL1, one case expressed T-cell and B-cell markers, and one case was negative for both T-cell and B-cell markers. All patients received chemotherapy, and two received local radiation. One patient was not treated until 9 years after initial diagnosis. Two patients had several recurrences, but there has been no evidence of lymphoma in any of the three patients for 63 to 301 months; overall survival time has ranged from 14 to 25 years. These cases are the longest reported survivors with Ki-1 lymphoma; 5 years was the longest survival time previously reported. It also is noteworthy that Ber-H2 and other lymphoid-associated antigens appear to be preserved in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues for prolonged periods. This may allow retrospective studies to evaluate the natural history of Ki-1 lymphomas, as well as their spontaneous or treatment-induced regression.     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织样淋巴瘤7例并临床诊断与分析

  目的   探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织样淋巴瘤（mucosa associated lymphoid tissue,MALT）临床、病理特点,诊断及治疗。   方法   回顾7例肺MALT患者临床资料,结合文献对其临床及病理特点、免疫组织化学（CD20,CD79a,CD5,CD10,CD23,CyclinD1,Ki-67等）、诊断等进行总结分析。   结果   7例患者男3例、女4例,男女比例:1 :1.3。平均年龄58岁。4例患者存在吸烟、肺部反复感染等慢性免疫系统刺激因素。无症状体检发现者2例,余患者主要表现为:咳嗽、气促及不规则发热。胸部影像学表现为多发性浸润病变,双肺多发者4例,右肺者3例,胸腔积液5例。所有患者均呈CD19（+）,CD20（+）。Ki-67阳性率较低。CD5、CD10、CyclinD1阴性。   结论   肺MALT大多数临床及影像学表现缺乏特异性,误诊率高,确诊依赖于组织病理学检查。关键词肺淋巴瘤粘膜相关淋巴样组织诊断