氟在釉质牙磷灰石发育中的作用

氟化物在口腔预防医学中扮演着十分重要的角色，它犹如一把双刃剑，一方面在促进牙体硬组织生物矿化、减少龋病发生过程中发挥重要作用；另一方面，过多的氟化物摄取则会引起牙体组织的病理改变。本文对氟在牙釉质发育中的作用进行综述，探讨其对釉质牙磷灰石晶体的影响。     

辛伐他汀对去势大鼠骨生长代谢的影响

目的:观察辛伐他汀对去势大鼠骨密度和骨生长代谢的作用。方法:40只雌性SD大鼠随机分成4组,正常对照假手术组(Sham)-A,单纯去势组(OVX)-B,去势雌激素治疗组-C;去势辛伐他汀治疗组-D。术后第30天,C组以体质量每100g每天给0.1mg尼尔雌醇灌胃,每周1次,持续12周。D组以辛伐他汀5mg/(kg·d)灌胃,连续服用1周,停2周,再服用1周,间断持续12周。用药12周后,所有大鼠被处死采取胫骨标本,处死前第12和第4天进行四环素双标记。标本行不脱钙骨切片,硝酸银和VonKossa染色,骨形态计量学方法检测各治疗方法对胫骨近心端干骺的作用效果。结果:单纯去势组(OVX)-B与对照假手术组(Sham)-A相比,其胫骨有明显的骨质疏松表现。与OVX相比,雌激素组、辛伐他汀组去势大鼠胫骨骨形态计量学静态参数%Tb.Ar、Tb.N,Tb.Sp有明显差异(P<0.01)。辛伐他汀组的动态骨形成参数%L.Pm、MAR、BFR/BV、%O.Pm及荧光双标间隔均明显高于其他各组(P<0.01),骨吸收参数Oc.N、%E.Pm低于单纯去势组,但高于雌激素组和假手术组(P<0.01),雌激素组骨吸收参数Oc.N、%E.Pm相对单纯去势组显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:辛伐他汀能降低大鼠去势后骨转换,促进骨的生长,并能抑制骨的吸收作用。     

Numb在肿瘤发生中的作用机制

<正>细胞内多基因表达异常是恶性肿瘤发生发展的基础,相关研究越来越多地集中在关键基因的探索,近年来发现的Numb蛋白在肿瘤形成、浸润与转移     

青岛市口腔医生对乳牙牙外伤处理的认知调查

目的研究青岛地区口腔医生对乳牙牙外伤处理的认知水平。 方法利用2018年8月青岛市儿童口腔疾病预防公益项目培训会议期间,向参会医生发放经过验证的调查问卷,进行乳牙牙外伤处理认知调查,使用χ²检验对结果进行统计分析。 结果调查相关口腔医生170名,共回收有效调查问卷168份（98.8%）。结果分析：青岛地区口腔医生对乳牙折断性损伤处理方案选择的正确率为53.57%,对乳牙牙脱位性损伤处理方案选择的正确率为72.62%,对乳牙全脱位处理方案选择正确率为58.33%。卡方检验显示,不同医疗机构和不同职称的口腔医生在大多数问题的选择正确率上没有明显差异（P>0.05）,第7、9、11、13题中,儿童口腔医生对乳牙外伤处理方案选择正确率分别为88.9%、55.6%、97.2%和91.7%,非儿童口腔医生选择正确率分别为67.2%、13.7%、76.2%和81.1%,差异均具有统计学意义（χ²⁷ = 6.844,P₇ = 0.009;χ²⁹ = 17.3,P₉<0.001;χ²¹¹ = 9.056,P₁₁ = 0.003;χ²₁₃ = 2.291,P₁₃ = 0.130）。 结论青岛市口腔医生对乳牙牙外伤处理方案的选择整体正确率较低,不同的医疗机构和不同职称的口腔医生在处理方案的选择上没有明显差异,儿童口腔医生对乳牙外伤处理方案选择的正确率更高。     

无锡市银行系统人员口腔情况调查

目的了解江苏省无锡市银行系统职工的龋病流行学特征。方法采用整群抽样方法调查2627名银行职工的患龋情况,并按不同年龄组进行统计学分析。结果21~30岁年龄组患龋率为29.79%,龋均为0.79;30~40岁组患龋率为30.87%,龋均为1.23;40~50岁组患龋率为60.75%,龋均为1.43;经统计学分析,40~50岁年龄组患龋率明显高于其他两组。而龋均随年龄增长而逐渐增加。结论应重视中老年人的龋病并尽早预防。     

Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in detection of changes in gingivitis in the primary dentition

The pattern of distribution and development of gingivitis is different in children and adults. Also the anatomy in the primary dentition is different from that in the permanent dentition. Indices to measure gingival inflammation and changes in this condition have been designed for the permanent dentition and may not necessarily perform adequately in the primary dentition. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between indices commonly used in adults and to compare their ability to detect changes in gingivitis in children. The correlation between the Gingival Index and percent bleeding units (scores 2 and 3) was r = 0.93, while provoked bleeding from the interdental area correlated only weakly with the two. However, the non-bleeding papilla index seemed to more effectively detect changes in the gingival condition induced by professional cleaning. Since gingivitis usually is less severe in the primary dentition than in the permanent dentition, it may be of importance to use an index with high sensitivity in studies where effect of interventions is to be evaluated in children.     

精氨酸酶在大鼠实验性牙周炎牙周组织中的表达变化

目的:观察精氨酸酶(arginase,Arg)在不同时期、不同严重程度大鼠实验性牙周炎牙周组织中表达的变化,探讨Arg与牙周炎的相关性。方法:选用40只Wistar雄性大鼠,每只大鼠均用丝线结扎右下颌第一磨牙(实验组),左下颌第一磨牙不做处理(对照组),喂以高糖饮食。分别于结扎后1、2、4、6周,经临床和组织学(HE染色)观察确认大鼠牙龈炎、不同程度牙周炎模型建立成功后,取大鼠下颌骨连同受试牙和牙周组织,制备切片,免疫组化染色法检测正常对照组、牙龈炎组、不同程度牙周炎组大鼠牙周组织中Arg的表达,并进行图像定量分析。结果:在正常牙周组织中,偶有表达;而各实验组牙周组织中Arg主要在巨噬细胞和血管内皮细胞中表达,其表达阳性细胞数随炎症程度加重而增加,结扎4周(重度牙周炎)时达到高峰,到慢性牙周炎时期(结扎6周),表达较急性期有所降低,各组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:牙周组织内Arg的表达与牙周炎炎症程度呈明显正相关。     

颞下颌关节骨关节病中蛋白多糖的组织化学研究

目的研究颞下颌关节骨关节病中蛋白多糖各组分的变化并探讨其与骨关节病的关系。方法18只新西兰白兔用颞下颌关节上腔内注射3%基质金属蛋白酶-10.1ml的方法,建立颞下颌关节骨关节病的动物模型。于术后24h、1周、2周、4周、8周、12周各处死3只兔,切取颞下颌关节标本,行苏木精-伊红和酸性黏多糖的阿新蓝(Alcianblue)染色法。在光镜下观察髁突软骨蛋白多糖(PGs)中糖胺聚糖(GAG)、透明质酸(HA)在骨关节病不同时期的变化。结果注药后1周阿新蓝染液pH1.0染色见髁突软骨中GAG染色变浅;第2周GAG染色较1周时稍深,阿新蓝染液pH2.5染色见髁突软骨中HA染色变浅;第4周GAG染色不均,整体变淡,HA含量明显减少,仅见钙化软骨层散在蓝染;第8周髁突软骨全层GAG染色极淡。各层染色无明显差别。HA在髁突软骨几乎无染色;第12周GAG染色总体极淡,HA无染色。结论蛋白多糖量和化学结构的变化是颞下颌关节骨关节病变发展过程中一个重要的特征,蛋白多糖随颞下颌关节骨关节病的发展逐渐丧失,与骨关节的病变呈正相关。     

Timing of calcium hydroxide therapy in the treatment of root resorption in replanted teeth in dogs

Abstract The effect of time of the onset of calcium hydroxide (CH) pulpectomy on root resorption of 31 permanent dog incisors was investigated. CH pulpectomy was delayed 4, 9, 14 and 18 days after the teeth were extracted and replanted. Control teeth were replanted 1) without pulpectomy, 2) with a pulpectomy only or 31. with a pulpectomy and CH filling. All teeth were prepared for histologic evaluation 8 weeks after the teeth were replanted. Cross section were examined using a computer microscope and linear (jam) and/or square areas (μm²) of surface (SRR), inflammatory (IRR), and replacement (RRR) root resorption were calculated. From this data the percentage of linear and area resorption was averaged for each group. Duncan multiple range t-test (P<0.05) revealed that teeth in which a pulpectomy with CH filling was done extraorally had significantly greater SRR than the rest of the groups; teeth in which a pulpectomy without CH filling was done extra orally had significantly greater RRR than teeth in which CH pulpectomy was delayed for 18 days; there was no significant difference in SRR. IRR or RRR when CH placement was delayed 4, 9, 14 or 18 days after replantation. Although it was not significant the overall resorption was least when CH pulpectomy was delayed 18 days.     

Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of eugenol in human osteoblastic cells in vitro

AIM: To evaluate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of eugenol in human osteoblastic cells in vitro. METHODOLOGY: Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays were performed to elucidate the toxic effects of eugenol on the human osteoblastic cell line U2OS. Furthermore, the effects of antioxidants catalase (scavenger of H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD, an extracellular superoxide free radical scavenger) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a cell-permeable glutathione precursor) were added to discover the possible mechanisms of eugenol-induced cytotoxicity. Paired Student's t-test was applied for the statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: Eugenol demonstrated a cytotoxic effect to U2OS cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The 50% inhibition concentration of eugenol was approximately 0.75 mmol L(-1). Eugenol also inhibited cell proliferation during a 4-day culture period (P < 0.05). Addition of NAC extracellularly protected the cells from eugenol-induced cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). Neither, SOD nor catalase provided any protective effects on eugenol-induced cytotoxicity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of eugenol tested inhibited growth and proliferation of U2OS cells. Eugenol has significant potential for periapical toxicity. These inhibitory effects were associated with glutathione levels.     

银川市儿童青少年龋病患病趋势分析

的　分析银川市儿童青少年龋病患病的发展趋势及特点。方法　1990、1996和2001年采用WHO口腔 流行病学调查方法对银川市3岁、5岁、12岁和15岁的儿童青少年进行调查,记录龋均、龋面均和龋齿充填比率,并 进行统计分析。结果　1990~2001年,3岁、5岁和12岁儿童青少年的龋患呈下降趋势(P<0·01), 15岁青少年龋 患无明显变化;少部分儿童乳牙龋患严重;龋齿的充填比率较低。结论　随着口腔健康教育的开展,银川市儿童青 少年龋患呈下降趋势,但应加强对龋易感儿童的诊断、预防和早期治疗,提高龋齿充填比率。     

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in children in Singapore

Abstract Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was assessed in 1739 Singaporean children aged 9, 12 and 16 yr in three different ethnic groups. All subjects had resided since birth in Singapore, which has a tropical climate. The water supply was fluoridated in 1957 at a level of 0.7 ppm. In this sample, mouth prevalence was 82.6%, tooth prevalence was 66.9%, the community fluorosis index was at 1.96; 9.2% of children had severe fluorosis and 26.2% had moderate fluorosis. There were no significant gender or racial differences. Prevalences were higher than those reported in most other studies. Due to differences in indices used and methodology, comparisons could not be made directly with other studies.     

猴乳磨牙尖周病及其治疗的实验研究

通过猴乳磨牙尖周病模型的复制，表明与恒牙尖周病相近．而根分叉的骨质稀疏区。并无炎症细胞浸润．通过对乳磨牙尖周炎分别进行根管治疗术和变异干髓术治疗，术后６个月。两者疗效无显著差异．治疗后炎症消退，则对牙囊和牙胚无明显影响。否则可影响牙胚的缩余釉上皮．发生形态改变．变异干髓术的干髓剂尚不能完全固定腐败坏死的牙髓组织，只能使炎症局限，多不能完全消失。     

Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in the study of health in Pomerania

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and extent of periodontal diseases among adults in a province in Eastern Germany.
Material and Methods: The Study of Health in Pomerania is a population-based study conducted during 1997–2001. The net random sample comprised 4310 20–81-year-old subjects. Periodontal status was assessed at four surfaces using a half-mouth recording protocol.
Results: The prevalence of attachment loss 3 mm was 89.7%, with 62.8% of teeth being affected. Probing depths 4 mm were prevalent in 69.7% of subjects, and 29.6% of teeth were affected. 25.3% of all subjects had severe pockets (6 mm). Periodontitis was significantly more prevalent in males. For attachment loss, the prevalence and extent increased significantly with increasing age, whereas probing depth values levelled off after the age of 40. In older subjects, increased recession and attachment loss were found, while the probing depth remained constant. According to the recent CDC classification, 17.6% and 33.3% of persons had severe and moderate periodontitis, respectively. The prevalence of periodontitis increased significantly with age and remained constant after the age of 50–59.
Conclusions: Periodontitis is more prevalent in Pomerania than in the United States or Western Europe. In older subjects, attachment loss steadily increased, while the probing depth remained constant.     

替硝唑口贴片在健康者唾液中药物浓度测定及其药代动力学

目的:对口腔唾液中替硝唑浓度及其药代动力学参数进行研究。方法:以美国Beckman公司ODSC18(5μm, 4. 6mm×25cm)为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇—2. 33×10-3 mol/L冰醋酸水溶液(32∶68),流速1ml/min;柱温为室温;检测波长为310nm。结果:替硝唑贴片在唾液中的Tmax为( 1. 64±0. 94 ) h、Cmax为( 69. 23±11. 39)μg/ml、Ke为0. 059 6±0. 013 2、T1 /2为(11. 952±2. 374)h、AUC为(83. 42±11. 49)μg·h/ml、Clr为60. 64±8. 56、Vr为(2 704. 45±601. 42)ml。结论:该方法可用于临床替硝唑在唾液中药物浓度监测和药动学研究。     

Comparison of in vitro and in vivo wear of composites

In vitro wear data were determined for nine experimental composites and compared with two-year clinical data. The in vitro tests included single-pass wear and two-body abrasion. The in vivo data were obtained between 1978 and 1980 for 54 class 2 posterior composite restorations in 25 patients. Correlations between the in vitro and in vivo data were found with values of alpha less than 0.08.     

三叉神经损伤大鼠延髓内γ-氨基丁酸A受体的变化

目的：以实时定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）测定三叉神经损伤大鼠延髓内γ-氨基丁酸A（GABAA）受体量的变化，探讨GABAA受体与三叉神经痛发病机制的关系。方法：20只SD大鼠随机分为4组，每组各5只。A、C组为手术组，B、D组为假手术组。手术组用铬线疏松结扎大鼠右侧眶下神经，造成慢性缩窄性损伤，而假手术组只暴露神经，不结扎。观察术前和术后3、6、9、12、15d时大鼠对机械性疼痛刺激的反应阈值。A、B组术后第9天，C、D组术后第15天分别取大鼠延髓组织，实时定量PCR法测定大鼠延髓内GABA。受体α1、α2、α3的3个亚基的量。采用SAS6．12软件包进行两样本均数的t检验。结果：术后第9—15天，结扎组大鼠较假手术组，右眶下神经支配区域机械性痛觉超敏（P〈0．05）。A组延髓内GABAAα1、GABAAα2、GABAAα3受体量与B组无显著差异，C组延髓内GABAAαl、GABAAα2、GABAAα3受体量与D组无显著差异。结论：眶下神经的慢性环扎损伤可导致大鼠三叉神经痛，大鼠疼痛时GABAA受体α1、α2、α3的3个亚基并不参与其中。     

上海市长宁区儿童乳牙反调查分析

目的了解上海市长宁区儿童乳牙反的患病情况。方法以个别正常为标准,对1 750名3⁵岁儿童进行口腔检查。结果本区乳牙反的患病率为12.46%,5岁组男女间存在高度显著性差异(P<0.01),其他年龄组男女间及各年龄组间无显著性差异。乳牙反的主要表现是多个乳前牙反。结论乳牙反是一种常见的口腔疾病,应早发现,早预防,早治疗。     

Variation in prevalence of radiographic alveolar bone loss in subgroups of 14-year-old schoolchildren in Oslo

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of radiographic alveolar bone loss, as related to selected background variables in 2767 14-year old schoolchildren. Bone loss was recorded when the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar crest exceeded 2 mm. The radiographs were magnified approximately 10 times. 3% of the subjects and 18.5% of the sites were excluded because of indistinct radiographic reference points. Radiographic bone loss was found in 4.5% of the subjects. Horizontal lesions were more prevalent than vertical defects. Most subjects with bone loss had 1 (75%) or 2 (22%) lesions. No subject was diagnosed with juvenile periodontitis kind of lesion. The prevalence of bone loss depended on the variables sex, orthodontic treatment and ethnic background.