可调式下颌前移器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征临床研究

目的：探讨可调式下颌前移器(AMAD)治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的临床效果。方法：随机收集OSAS患者38例，分别制作并佩戴可调式下颌前移器(AMAD)，以多导睡眠仪(PSG)监测为主要手段，评估其治疗效果。结果：①AMAD佩戴舒适，佩戴率100％；②佩戴AMAD后，下颌前伸可以自由调节，前伸量大，最大前伸量为18mm，平均前伸量为12mm；③矫治效果受患者年龄、殆型、疾病严重程度影响。年青、轻中度的Angle Ⅱ类患者疗效比较理想。结论：AMAD是治疗OSAS的良好装置。     

双侧拉杆式口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床应用

目的探讨双侧拉杆式口腔矫治器在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）治疗中的应用价值。方法用双侧拉杆式阻鼾器治疗OSAS患者18例，3-5个月后复查主观症状及多导睡眠图（PSG）。结果该矫治器的耐受率为89％，鼾声、白日嗜睡、夜间憋醒、口干及咽痛等症状改善或消失，PSG五项监测结果治疗前后有显著性差异，症状明显改善。结论该矫治器制作简单，戴用舒适，易于推广应用。     

自凝塑料矫正器与压膜软塑料矫正器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床比较

目的比较两种不同的下颌前移矫正器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的临床疗效。方法40例轻、中度OSAS患者随机分成两组,分别用不同的下颌前移矫正器治疗,治疗前后均用多导睡眠图监测评价疗效。结果甲组治疗前AHI为20.86±9.61,治疗后AHI为9.81±3.65,乙组治疗前AHI21.98±11.03,治疗后为10.70±4.98,两组在疗效上无显著性差异,但在舒适性上有差异。结论可调式真空压膜软塑料型下颌前移矫正器更适合OSAS患者的治疗。     

口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床研究

目的评价改良口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的临床疗效。方法采用下颌前移式口腔矫治器治疗24例OSAS患者,治疗前后分别经夜间多导睡眠监测(PSG),比较睡眠呼吸暂停指数(AI)、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(SaO2)等呼吸紊乱指标的变化。结果治疗前、后患者呼吸暂停指数、呼吸暂停低通气指数、血氧饱和度指标变化差异有显著性(P<0.001),21例呼吸暂停低通气指数下降了50%以上,客观有效率为87.5%。结论改良口腔矫治器是治疗轻、中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的有效方法。     

下颌前移矫正器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的疗效分析

目的　分析下颌前移矫正器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)的临床疗效及与颅面结构、上气道的关系。方法　对 4 0例轻、中度OSAS患者进行治疗前X线头影测量 ,睡眠时戴用下颌前移矫正器治疗 ,用多导睡眠图监测评价疗效 ,并与颅面结构、上气道各指标进行相关分析。结果　下颌前移矫正器治疗OSAS患者的客观有效率为 88.6 %。治疗前、后睡眠呼吸暂停的通气指数 (AHI)减少百分比 (△AHI)与颅面结构中的SNB角 (r =- 0 4 97) ,ANB角 (r=0 .5 36 )及下颌平面角MP -FH(r=- 0 2 5 2 )相关 ,亦与舌骨高度H -MP(r=- 0 35 1)及软腭的长度SPL(r=- 0 36 6 )相关。结论　下颌前移矫正器通过前移下颌间接扩大上气道达到治疗效果     

Bionator矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

目的 对Bionator矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS) 疗效进行观察。方法 对8例确诊为OSAS的患者行Bionator保持咬He型矫治器治疗。作治疗前后X线头影测量分析,结合导睡眠图监测来评价疗效。结果 低通气指数（HI）、呼吸暂停指（AI）、呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）明显降低;而最低血氧饱和度(SaO2）则明显升高。头影测量表示下颌前移,上气道间隙明显扩大（P＜0．01）。结论 Bionator保持咬He矫治器可改善上气道通气状态,从而达到治疗OSAS的目的。     

下颌前伸矫治器治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的三维影像学评估

目的:研究下颌前伸矫治器对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的疗效及机制.方法:采集80例OSAS患者应用下颌前伸矫治器治疗前、后的CT数据,利用三维影像重建技术测量上气道结构及容积变化,评价口腔矫治器(0A)的疗效及机制,采用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行方差分析.结果:下颌前伸矫治器治疗OSAS多数患者主观症状缓解或消失,客观检测指标相应改善.OSAS患者存在上呼吸道的解剖性狭窄,戴入OA后,气道各分段截面积和容积均有变化,腭咽、喉咽段增大(P＜0.01),口咽段减小(P＜0.05).结论:OSAS存在形态学病因机制,下颌前伸矫治器通过前伸下颌骨,使上气道减小,内部变化而更平滑稳定,减小涡流和狭窄,进而发挥治疗效果.     

改良型Activator矫治器治疗OSAS疗效评价

目的 :通过戴用改良型Activator矫治器治疗OSAS ,探讨其影响患者睡眠呼吸结构 ,改善通气的作用机制。方法 :13例患者均根据多导睡眠呼吸监测结果及临床表现确诊为OSAS ,戴用改良的Activator矫治器 1-2月后再行多导睡眠呼吸监测 ,并与戴用前进行比较 ;结果 :戴用改良型Activator矫治器后 ,呼吸暂停低通气指数、呼吸紊乱指数、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数、最长呼吸暂停时间 (s)分别降低了 4.73± 3 .64、3 0 .85± 13 .3 2、3 0 .0 2± 9.48、5 5 .3 1± 2 2 .19(P <0 .0 1) ,最低血氧饱和度则升高了 13 .85± 6.2 4(P <0 .0 1) ,患者的客观症状如睡眠鼾声等得以改善。结论 :改良型Activator矫治器是下颌前移口腔矫治器治疗OSAS一种比较好的方法。     

2种下颌前移器治疗重度睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的疗效评价

目的： 探讨拒绝持续正压通气（continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP）或不耐受CPAP治疗的重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS）患者,采用2种下颌前移器分别干预治疗6周的效果。方法：采用随机交叉试验,22例男性重度OSAHS患者,分别辅以2种下颌前移器（mandibular advancement devices, MADs）干预治疗（拉杆式和可控式),试验周期为14周,每种戴用6周,间隔停用2周,分析2种下颌前移器干预前与戴用6周的多导睡眠图监测(polysomnography, PSG）指标间差异,同时进行问卷调查（Epworth嗜睡量表、SCL-90症状自评量表）,并评估下颌前移器的固位性、不良反应及主观症状等参数。采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：与干预治疗前呼吸暂停低通气指数AHI（48.16±13.99次/h）相比,拉杆式前移器组AHI（19.16±2.74次/h）、可控式前移器组AHI（18.93±2.57次/h）均较干预前下降>50%。其余指标表明,2种前移器均具有显著疗效（P<0.01）,SCL-90各项因子指标均有不同程度下降。躯体化、人际敏感、焦虑与干预前相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。代表依从性的固位情况和咬合舒适性指标,2组之间差异显著（P均<0.05）。结论：2种下颌前移器不仅客观疗效明显,同时有助患者身心健康。在依从性方面,可控式前移器具有明显优势,但长期影响需进一步研究。     

口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

目的探讨口腔矫治器对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的临床疗效.方法将32例OSAS患者分为轻中度组和重度组,分别制作"下颌前移型"口腔矫治器并在睡眠时配戴,用多导睡眠图监测患者治疗前后睡眠结构及呼吸功能的变化.结果使用口腔矫治器后轻中度组和重度组患者的呼吸暂停指数(AI)分别平均下降11.3次/小时(P＜0.001)和26.01次/小时(P＜0.001),最低SaO2分别平均升高3.65%(P＜0.01)和19.75秒(P＜0.05).结论口腔矫治器是治疗该病的一种有效的疗法.     

一种可调型下颌前移矫治器治疗OSAS患者的临床应用

目的观察一种可调节的下颌前移矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的情况并评价其临床疗效。方法6名UPPP手术效果不佳的OSAS患者戴用矫治器,治疗前后进行多导睡眠仪监测和X线头影测量。结果患者戴用矫治器感觉舒适并自觉戴用。使用该矫治器一个月后,患者的主观症状明显改善,AI、AHI均明显降低(P<0.01),SaO2明显上升(P<0.01)。X线片显示下颌前移(P<0.05)、气道增宽(P<0.05)、软腭和舌体缩短(P<0.05)、舌骨上移(P<0.01)。结论该下颌前移矫治器的设计针对个体,极易调改、轻便舒适、应用灵活,因此疗效好,且制作简单,适于临床推广应用。     

Effects of a mandibular repositioner on obstructive sleep apnea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mandibular repositioner on airway, sleep, and respiratory variables in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Twenty-two patients selected for this study were confirmed with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea based on initial nocturnal polysomnography. The patients were fitted with a mandibular repositioner designed to hold the mandible anteroinferiorly. Six months later, an outcome polysomnographic study was undertaken for each patient with the appliance in place. Lateral cephalometric radiographs in the upright position were also obtained before and after 6 months of treatment. The respiratory disturbance index decreased in 21 of the 22 patients with the appliance in place. The mean respiratory disturbance index of the 22 patients decreased significantly from 40.3 to 11.7 events per hour (P <.01). Some 59.1% of subjects were considered a treatment success with follow-up respiratory disturbance index < 10 events per hour. The mean minimum blood oxygen saturation level during sleep also improved significantly from 73.4% to 81.3% (P <. 01). The mandibular repositioner was constructed to position the mandible at 75% of the maximal mandibular advancement and with a 7 mm opening between the upper and lower incisors, and no aberrant effect on temporomandibular joint was noted. The retropalatal airway space increased and the cross-sectional area of the soft palate and the vertical distance of the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane decreased significantly. The tongue posture became significantly flatter. A significant linear correlation was found between the reduction in apnea index and specific craniofacial skeletal structures (length of anterior cranial base, mandibular plane angle, and upper to lower facial height ratios, P <.05). Subjects with a smaller reduction in apnea index tended to have shorter anterior cranial bases, steeper mandibular planes, and smaller upper to lower facial height ratios. We conclude that a mandibular repositioner may be an effective treatment alternative for obstructive sleep apnea and that a reduction in the frequency of apneic episodes is mainly attributed to the effects of the appliance on oropharyngeal structures.     

Distraction osteogenesis in adult obstructive sleep apnea surgery: a preliminary report.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the potential application of distraction osteogenesis (DO) for skeletal expansion in the management of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five consecutive adult patients (3 male, 2 female) underwent a DO procedure with intraoral distraction devices for the management of OSAS. The surgical procedures were mandibular advancement (n = 4, with 3 bilateral advancement and 1 unilateral advancement) and simultaneous maxillomandibular advancement (n = 1). Starting 7 days after surgery, the distraction devices were activated 4 times daily at a rate of 1.0 mm/d until the desired skeletal expansion was achieved. All of the patients underwent pre- and postoperative radiographic analysis and polysomnography. The distraction devices were removed 3 months after the completion of the distraction process. RESULTS: The amount of skeletal advancement by distraction ranged from 5.5 to 12.5 mm, with the mean distance being 8.1 mm. The postoperative polysomnographic results showed improvement of OSAS in all 5 patients with an improvement of the mean RDI from 49.3 events per hour to 6.6 events per hour. The lowest oxygen saturation improved from 79.8% to 85.8%. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. Complications included localized inflammation at the distraction device site (n = 2), temporary temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort during distraction process (n = 1), and temporary paresthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve distribution (n = 2). A moderate amount of pain during the activation of the distraction devices was reported (n = 3) and was adequately treated with analgesics. None of the complications led to permanent problems. CONCLUSION: This limited case series shows that DO is applicable in selected adult patients for skeletal advancement in the treatment of OSAS. However, there are disadvantages with the use of DO, and further investigations are necessary to determine the potential of this technique.     

铸造改良型twin block治疗老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症的临床应用

目的：评价铸造改良型twinblock矫治器治疗OSAHS的临床疗效。方法：50例OSAHS患者治疗前后进行多导睡眠监测呼吸功能的改变与头影测量的相关性研究。结果：戴用矫治器后下颌在水平向和垂直向的位移平均为6.15mm和4.25mm。上气道平均增加4.88mm（P〈0.01）中气道平均增加4.45mm（P〈0.01）,下气道间隙变化无差异性（P〉0.05）。50名患者的呼吸暂停指数（AI）平均下降9.89次/小时（P〈0.01）,呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）平均下降19.88次/小时（P〈0.01）,最低血氧平均从76.98%上升到89.38%（P〈0.01）.结论：铸造改良型twinblock治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症是一种有效的方法。     

Oral appliance treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea patients with severe dental condition

Summary This clinical report introduces and evaluates the use of a mandibular advancement oral appliance (OA) attached to a denture base for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in a patient presenting severe dental problems and multiple missing teeth. It concerned a 58‐year‐old man with moderate OSAS (apnoea index (AI): 15·9 h^?1; apnoea hypopnea index (AHI): 21·7 h^?1), presenting ten remaining teeth (maxilla: 5, mandible: 5) and important dental and periodontal problems. A treatment OA comprising both maxillary and mandibular parts was fabricated with an acrylic resin base, simulating the structure of a conventional removable partial denture (RPD). The polysomnography examination performed after the use of the OA showed the treatment induced a significant decrease in OSAS symptoms (AI: 0·7 h^?1, AHI: 8·2 h^?1). All the necessary dental and periodontal treatments were performed to assure the reestablishment of oral health. The treatment OA was modified after each treatment to adapt it to each new oral condition. After 18 months, once the oral health was reestablished with seven remaining teeth (maxilla: 5, mandible: 2), final RPDs and final OA were fabricated. Polysomnography with final OA showed a similar positive result with respect to OSAS symptoms. No side effects related to the OA treatment were detected during the 3‐year follow‐up. To keep a sound oral condition, periodical dental care was performed by specialists in both periodontal and prosthodontic clinics. This clinical report shows the feasibility of treating OSAS patients with OA even in the presence of severe oral conditions and multiple missing teeth.     

改良Herbst矫治器介入治疗OSAS的疗效分析及适应证研究

目的　探索改良Herbst矫治器治疗OSAS的机制及适应证并进行疗效分析。方法　选择确诊为OSAS的男性患者 10名 ,戴入改良Herbst矫治器进行治疗。治疗前后拍头影测量片 ,并做PSG监测以评价疗效。结果　 10名OSAS患者戴入Herbst后 ,下颌骨位置改变至前伸位 ,咽腔结构及其周围软组织的位置关系均发生相应变化。Ve -PVe由 (4.5± 1.7)mm增加到 (6 .4± 2 .2 )mm(P <0 .0 5 ) ,气道通气量得到增加。结论　改良Herbst矫治器是治疗OSAS的有效方法 ,对于下颌后缩、低角及软腭不太长的轻中度OSAS患者效果良好。     

Effects on blood pressure after treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea with a mandibular advancement appliance – a three-year follow-up

Summary  Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder; it affects 4% of males and 2% of females. Hypertension has been shown to occur in 28–57% of OSA patients. There is a steady increase in evidence linking OSA to long-term cardiovascular morbidity including hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mandibular advancement oral appliance (OA) treatment of OSA affects the patient's blood pressure (BP) in a 3-month and a 3-year perspective. Twenty-nine consecutive patients, with verified OSA defined as apnoea index (AI) >5 per hour and/or apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥10 per hour, received an OA as treatment. BP was measured on three occasions; before treatment, after 3 months of treatment, and after 3 years of treatment. BP was measured with an electronic blood pressure monitor. The treatment effect of OA was measured after 3 months by repeated somnographic registration while the patient was wearing the OA. A treatment response was defined as AHI < 10; this was achieved in 25 of 29 patients (86%) at the 3-month evaluation. Significant reductions in blood pressure were attained between baseline and the 3-month evaluation ( P  < 0·001) and these changes remained at the 3-year follow-up in both systolic BP of −15·4 ± 18·7 mm Hg and diastolic BP of −10·3 ± 10·0 mm Hg. OA therapy reduced blood pressure in both a 3-month and a 3-year perspective in patients with OSA.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征矫治后的上气道磁共振影响改变

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｖｅ ｓｌｅｅｐ ａｐｎｅａ ｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＯＳＡＳ）患者戴用口腔矫治器后，其上气道磁共振（ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃ ｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ ｉｍａｇｉｎｇ，ＭＲＩ）影像发生的改变。方法 选择１１例有治疗前后多导睡眠图评价、磁共振影像资料完整的ＯＳＡＳ患者，用于研究矫治器对上气道的形态学改变；另选１１名性别、年龄配比的无睡眠呼吸障碍者，作为ＭＲＩ三维形态     

Stability of skeletal Class II correction with 2 surgical techniques: the sagittal split ramus osteotomy and the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy.

Combined orthodontic and surgical treatment of severe Class II dentoskeletal deformities with the use of the bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy is a routine procedure in orthodontic practices. However, an alternative surgical technique, the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy, could be used for the same purpose. The aim of this investigation was to compare the stability of the sagittal split ramus osteotomy with the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy in the correction of dentoskeletal Class II malocclusions. Forty patients that exhibited Class II dentoskeletal relationships were included in the study. Twenty of these patients had mandibular advancement with the sagittal split ramus osteotomy; the remaining 20 patients had advancement of the whole lower alveolar segment with the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy. The cephalograms studied were taken before the surgical procedure (T1 = 4 weeks before operation), immediately after the procedure (T2 = 10 days after surgery), and 1 year later (T3). The statistical analysis used to assess the results between and within the groups over the different time periods was the analysis of variance. The regression analysis was used to test the interdependence of soft tissue response to hard tissue movement. The results of this study show that both procedures are equally stable when correcting Class II malocclusions. This was proved by the stability of the correction of overjet, B point, and incisor-mandibular plane angle. There were no statistically significant differences between or within the groups in the position of these landmarks over time. There was a statistically significant change in the position of pogonion from T1 to T2 (P <.0028) between the groups, although at T3 this difference was not significant (P <.05). There were no significant changes in face height either within or between the groups over time. The hard/soft tissue interactions for the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy were as follows: The lower lip advanced 60% to the incisor movement; soft tissue B' point responded with a 130% advancement in relation to the change in its hard tissue counterpart. Soft tissue pogonion advanced 90% in relation to the hard tissue landmark. The data suggest that the total mandibular alveolar osteotomy is the treatment of choice for the correction of severe dentoalveolar retrusive Class II malocclusion for which alteration of the mentolabial sulcus is desirable.