某市小学生皮肤病患病状况调查

目的了解某市学龄儿童皮肤病患病情况,为制定相应的防治策略提供依据。方法用抽样调查法,对某市18所小学10582名学生进行皮肤病患病状况调查。结果发现皮肤病共41种,皮肤病患者1143例,总患病率为10.80%,其中男生693例(12.93%),女生450例(8.62%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。皮肤病患病率较高的是荨麻疹、单纯糠疹、湿疹、头癣、瘙痒症、雀斑、疣、足癣、毛周角化症、痤疮;复合感染率为0.88%。学生皮肤病患病率随年龄增加而逐渐增高。结论应制定相应的防治策略,降低学龄儿童皮肤病患病率。     

江苏梅山地区614例2～5岁幼儿园儿童皮肤健康状况分析

目的分析江苏梅山地区2~5岁儿童皮肤状况,为幼儿园儿童皮肤保健知识宣教提供方向。方法随机抽取2017年6-12月该院辖区内5所幼儿园2~5岁儿童614名作为研究对象,由两名专业皮肤科医生进行诊断。结果皮肤病患病率为29.97%,患病率较高的疾病依次为湿疹、单纯糠疹、寻常型鱼鳞病、丘疹性荨麻疹和感染性皮肤病。男女儿童皮肤病总体患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2岁、3岁、4岁和5岁儿童皮肤病总体患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2岁、3岁、4岁和5岁儿童湿疹、感染性皮肤病发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2~5岁儿童皮肤病患病率较高,主要以湿疹、单纯糠疹等为主,故应加强皮肤保健宣传和教育,培养儿童养成良好的生活、饮食习惯。     

某部四川抗震救灾期间皮肤病发病情况调查

目的调查某部四川抗震救灾期间皮肤病发生情况,为部队在特殊情况下执行紧急任务时皮肤病防治提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查方法对抗震救灾某部1872名指战员进行皮肤病发病情况调查。结果官兵中有1653人患皮肤病,患病率为88．3％。在皮肤病的病种构成上,虫咬皮炎、足癣、痤疮、股癣、夏季皮炎、花斑糠疹、日光性皮炎、湿疹、体癣和慢性单纯性苔藓所占比例较高。其中虫咬皮炎的患病率最高（为52．8％）,足癣、痤疮、股癣、夏季皮炎、花斑糠疹、日光性皮炎、湿疹、体癣和慢性单纯性苔藓的患病率依次为20．4％、10．3％、9．5％、9．2％、5．0％、4．5％、4．2％、3．8％和3．3％。结论抗震救灾部队官兵皮肤病发病率较高,昆虫性皮肤病特别是虫咬皮炎的发生更为显著,应高度重视高发皮肤病的防治工作。     

某区中小学男生皮肤病调查

为了解中小学生皮肤病的发病状况,结合学生体检工作开展了皮肤外科的体检,对学生皮肤病流行病学的研究提供防治对策。现将调查情况报告如下。1对象与方法1·1对象本区学生总数为41 344人,其中7~16岁男生21 794人,女生19 550人。中学男生12 181人,女生11346人。小学男生9 613人,女生8 204人。1·2方法由皮肤科专业人员对该区男性学生进行皮肤科常见皮肤病检查。2结果男生皮肤病患病率为4·79%,中小学男生皮肤病以痤疮患病率最高,见表1。表1中小学男生皮肤病患病率(×10-2)病名例数患病率病名例数患病率痤疮773 3·540体股藓7 0·032丘疹性荨…     

青霉素制造过程中发生的职业性皮肤病

本文报告上海某制药厂生产青霉素过程中发生的职业性皮肤病。1964年及1987年分别调查357及193人,发病数分别为242(67.8%)及65(33.7%)人,所见皮损以皮炎湿疹最多,其他有接触性荨麻疹、瘙痒症、手掌角化皲裂、指间浸渍擦烂、甲沟炎及色素异常等。其中皮炎湿疹及手掌角化皲裂,1987年较1964年明显减少(P<0.001)。斑试结果显示甲醛、普鲁卡因、乙醇、青霉素为皮炎的主要致病因素。     

遂宁市夏先斗皮肤病研究所

遂宁市夏先斗皮肤病研究所(遂宁市皮肤病研究所)成立于1993年,主要研究治疗银屑病、白癜风、扁平疣、尖锐湿疣、湿疹、皮炎、痒疹、痤疮、脱发、淋病、梅毒、生殖器疱疹等疾病。研究所始终坚持“救死扶伤,以病人为中心”的服务宗旨,重视人才培养,科技创新不断提升整体水平和综合实力,坚持可持续发展道路。     

中专学生常见皮肤病的调查分析

为摸清中等专业学校学生皮肤病罹患现状，以便进一步采取防治措施．作者于1992年4～6月对在校338名学生进行了检查，并回顾性分析了1990、1991两年的同期皮肤病调查资料，结果报道如下：1皮肤病患病率本校学生皮肤病患病率为77．8％。在7种常见皮肤病患病率中，手脚癣为40．8％，痤疮为24．3％，股癣为3.6％，脂溢性皮炎为4．7％．扁平疣为2．7％，皮肤瘙痒症为1.2％．疥疮为0．6％。2性别分布手脚癣、痤疮及股癣患病率男生均高于女生（均P＜0．01），其他均无差别（P＜0.05）（见表1）。表1皮肤病发病的性别差异3历年比较1990～1992年同期…     

725例皮肤病患者发锌铜值及其意义

用日立１８０８０型火焰原子吸收分光光度计对银屑病、鳞状毛束角化症、小棘苔藓、单纯糠疹，匙状甲、脂溢性皮炎、斑秃、白癜风和痤疮等９种皮肤病共计７２５例，及１００例正常人测定其发铜、锌值，结果与对照组相比，９种皮肤病患者发锌值明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）白癜风患者发铜值也明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

损容性皮肤病与文饰

记者:什么叫损容性皮肤病。孙主任:损容性皮肤病狭义上是指长在面部的有损容貌的皮肤病。广义上的话,是长在皮肤上的皮肤病就叫损容性皮肤病。记者:皮肤病包括哪些类型?孙主任:比较常见的有痤疮(青春痘)、黄褐斑、雀斑、扁平疣、汗管     

石油化工产品所致皮肤病调查

方永祯(兰化职工医院)报道:石油化工生产有关车间,818名生产工人中在进厂两年以后所发生的皮肤病主要是毛细血管扩张、毳毛增生、各类皮炎和色素沉着,其次有蜘蛛痣、扁平疣样丘疹和油性痤疮等损害,以毛细血管扩张患病率最高,为9.8%,与蜘蛛痣均分布于露出部位,这是由于石油及其裂解产物的长期刺激所致;汽油对皮肤有较强的刺激     

Prevalence and risk factors of facial acne vulgaris among Chinese adolescents

Acne vulgaris, a very common condition among adolescents, can result in psychological distress, including anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of acne vulgaris among Chinese adolescents. In the Zhou Hai district of Guangdong Province, 3163 students 10 to 18 years old were selected from 7 schools. Information was collected using self-administrated questionnaIres and physician examinations. The prevalence of acne vulgaris was calculated from the collected data. Potential risk factors including age, gender, diet, skin type, sleeping habits, and facial make-up use were analyzed using stepwise logistic regression. The results showed a prevalence of acne vuglaris of 53.5% in all adolescents, with 51.3% in males and 58.6% in females. The prevalence of inflammatory acne in males and females combined was 25.8% and of acne scarring 7.1%. Increased age was related to higher prevalence and severity of acne vulgaris: 15.6%, 44.9%, and 70.4% for 10, 13, and 16 year olds, respectively. Acne vulgaris was more prevalent in girls under and boys over 14 years of age. Significant risk factors of acne vuglaris included age, skin type (oily, mixed, or neutral skin in comparison with dry skin), insufficient sleep, and cosmetic make-up use. CONCLUSION: Acne vulgaris is prevalent among Chinese adolescents 10 to 18 years old. Health education to address this condition in Chinese adolescents could have important implications for public health.     

某煤气公司工人皮肤损害的调查研究

８７０名受检工人中有２９２人患皮肤病，患病率为３３．６％。其中职业性痤疮及皮肤黑变病各一例，寻常性痤疮１１７例，皮肤色素沉着６０例，皮炎、湿疹２３例，其它皮肤病９０例。虽然环境对有些皮肤病的影响不能忽视，但由于工人工龄较短，不好考虑其与职业的关系，建议今后定期对工人进行体检，密切注视皮肤病的发病情况。     

老年人直接喉镜和视可尼喉镜经口气管插管的比较

目的：评价老年人采用视可尼喉镜经口气管插管的有效性和安全性。方法：选取80例全麻手术患者,随机分为视可尼喉镜组（S组）和直接喉镜组（H组）,每组各40例,记录并对比两组不同时点的HR、SBP、DBP,气管插管操作时间、插管次数及并发症情况。结果：视可尼喉镜组（S组）各方面明显优于直接喉镜组（H组）。结论：虽然视可尼喉镜和直接喉镜气管插管对血压和心率都有影响,但与直接喉镜相比,视可尼喉镜对心率影响不大,操作较简单,损伤小,特别适用于牙齿松动,合并高血压、心脏病、颈椎病的老年患者。     

云南省18岁及以上人群过敏性疾病的流行现状调查

目的 了解云南省≥18岁成年人群过敏性疾病的流行状况,为过敏性疾病的预防、干预、治疗提供基础数据。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,在云南省10个县区抽取≥18岁常住居民6 141例进行面对面问卷调查。采用率/构成比及其95%CI描述过敏性疾病患病率、主要过敏类型、诱发原因、鼻部过敏好发季节,并采用χ2检验比较分布差异。结果 云南省居民过敏性疾病患病率为17.0%（15.0%～19.2%）。过敏性鼻炎患病率最高（6.8%,5.2%～8.9%）,其次为荨麻疹（4.0%,3.0%～5.3%）、皮炎湿疹（2.5%,2.0%～3.1%）,差异具有统计学意义（χ2 = 51.520,P＜0.001）。诱发过敏的原因主要为药物（37.7%）、其次为食物（31.7%）和吸入物（24.5%）,诱发原因的差异具有统计学意义（χ2 = 459.317,P＜0.001）。过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹、皮炎湿疹等3种疾病存在协同共患关系（P＜0.05）。结论 云南省居民过敏患病率较高,城乡、不同人群其过敏类型差异较大,预防及干预措施的实施应针对具体情况来开展。     

The prevalence of facial acne in Peruvian adolescents and its relation to their ethnicity

Purpose: This article describes the prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in adolescents of Arequipa, Peru, in relation to ethnic characteristics.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 2214 healthy adolescents, 55.83% male and 44.17% female, 12-18 years old. Based on visual inspection, the severity of acne was classified into four grades. The adolescents studied were divided into three ethnic groups: whites, Mestizos, and Indians.

Results: Less than half of the adolescents (41.69%) had acne: 33.74% grade 1, 5.19% grade 2, 2.12% grade 3, and 0.63% grade 4. The prevalence of acne varied from 16.33% at 12 years to 71.23% at 17 years. At age 12 and 13 years, the prevalence of acne was higher in females, with the trend reversing over age 14 years. The overall prevalence of acne was significantly less in Indians (27.97%) than in Mestizos (43.08%) or whites (44.47%). More acne was found in postmenarche (39.90%) than in premenarche (20.99%). This trend was also true for the severity of acne.

Conclusions: The prevalence of acne in the adolescents of Arequipa is significantly less than in Caucasians. Peruvian Indians have significantly less acne than Peruvian whites or Mestizos. It seems that ethnicity is an important predictor of not only the prevalence, but also the severity of juvenile acne vulgaris in this sample.     

Acne vulgaris: endocrine aspects

Androgens play an important part in the development of acne vulgaris. Androgen levels in patients with acne are higher than those in controls and people with the androgen insensitivity syndrome do not develop acne. Local factors other than androgen plasma levels, also play a part in the development of acne. The skin contains enzymes that convert precursor hormones to the more potent androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Androgen synthesis can therefore be regulated locally. The effects of androgens on the skin are the result of circulating androgens and enzyme activity in local tissues and androgen receptors. Acne is a clinical manifestation of some endocrine diseases. The polycystic ovary syndrome has the highest prevalence. In women with acne that persists after puberty, in 10-200% of cases polycystic ovary syndrome is later diagnosed. The mechanism of hormonal anti-acne therapy may work by blocking the androgen-production (oestrogens) or by blocking the androgen receptor (cyproterone, spironolactone).     

巴基斯坦国际救援灾民皮肤病流行病学调查

目的了解巴基斯坦灾区皮肤病的发病特点和规律。方法采用国际疾病分类方法对皮肤病进行分类,应用Excel软件对数据进行统计分析。结果医疗救援队共诊治灾民皮肤病患者647例,男性252人,女性395人,最大年龄80岁,最小8天。前10位皮肤病为:湿疹、皮肤感染、痤疮、皮肤瘙痒症、皮炎、皮疹、毛囊炎、头癣、脓疱疮和黄褐斑。按病因分前五位为:细菌性皮肤病、过敏性皮肤病、真菌性皮肤病、皮肤附属器疾病、神经功能障碍性皮肤病。结论洪灾后皮肤病发病较多,应采取有效措施预防皮肤病的发生。     

900例湿疹及荨麻疹患者血清食物过敏原特异性IgG检测的临床意义

目的 检测湿疹及慢性荨麻疹患者血清中14种食物过敏原特异性IgG抗体的水平,探讨食物过敏原在过敏性皮肤病中的作用及具意义.方法 采用ELISA法检测900例湿疹和慢性荨麻疹患者及18例正常人血清食物过敏原特异性IgG水平.结果 （1）研究组血清食物过敏原检测的阳性率（90.2%）高于对照组（11.1%,P〈0.01）;900例湿疹及慢性荨麻疹患者血清中14种食物过敏原特异性IgG的阳性率从高到底依次为：鸡蛋、小麦、虾、牛奶、大豆、蟹、大米、玉米、西红柿、鸡肉、蘑菇、牛肉、猪肉、鳕鱼;湿疹及慢性荨麻疹患者食物过敏原检测的阳性率分别为91.9%、88.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.湿疹患者中虾、蘑菇和鳕鱼的阳性率明显高于慢性荨麻疹患者（P〈0.05）;（2）儿童组食物过敏原检测的阳性率为96.6%,高于其他年龄组,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.少儿组以鸡蛋、小麦和牛奶为主要过敏原,随着年龄的增长,虾、蟹的致敏性逐渐增高;（3）食物过敏原检测阳性的812例患者中,3种以上食物过敏原阳性的患者占53.7%,随访了其中175例患者,避免接触不耐受食物20 d和60 d后,有效率分别为50.9%和61.1%;（4）根据检测结果调整患者饮食并随访325例患者,湿疹组20 d、60 d后有效率分别为59.9%和70.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.荨麻疹组20、60 d后有效率分别为65.6%和77.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 通过检测血清食物过敏原特异性IgG抗体寻找不耐受食物,从而调整饮食,改善症状,其对预防和治疗过敏性皮肤病具有重要参考意义.     

Comparison of Beautician and Hairdressing Apprentices with Regard To Skin Health and Skin Barrier Function

Hairdressing and beautician apprentices are at high risk of occupational skin diseases. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of skin symptoms and the condition of skin barrier between them at the end of vocational training. We recruited 101 hairdressing and 76 beautician apprentices (overall median age 17 years), who reported their history of skin symptoms through the Croatian translation of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) and had their hand skin clinically examined and evaluated with the Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured following the standard procedure. Hairdressing apprentices reported significantly higher prevalence of hand/wrist eczema or urticaria than beautician apprentices (35 % vs 25 %, respectively; P=0.041) and higher severity of current hand eczema [median (range) 1.5 (0–8) vs 0.5 (0–4), respectively; P<0.001] and had higher hand TEWL values in those who washed their hands >20 times a day [median (interquartile range): 24.4 (19.7–33.7) vs 18.8 (15.4–23.2) g/ m²/h, respectively; P<0.001). Hairdressing apprentices had more severe clinical symptoms on the hands, and 83 % of those who reported eczema also reported that exacerbation occurred during practical training in comparison to 38 % of beautician apprentices. Our study is the first to report occupational hand and forearm skin issues in the beautician apprentices and also suggests that more effort is needed to improve training about safety at work, which should be specifically tailored for these two trades.