降钙素原、C 反应蛋白在诊断社区获得性肺炎中的价值评价

目的探讨降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、外周血白细胞（WBC）在诊断社区获得性肺炎（CAP）中的诊断价值。方法共纳入因急性发热入院患者共107例,CAP 组59例、急性上呼吸道感染（简称上感）组48例。比较 PCT、IL-6、CRP、WBC 在两组间的差异。根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）,评价4个参数对诊断 CAP 的价值,并得出最佳的诊断截点值。结果PCT、CRP、WBC 在 CAP 组较上感组明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。PCT、IL-6、CRP、WBC 预测 CAP 的 AUC 分别为0．89、0．79、0．91、0．77。PCT、CRP 曲线下面积均高于 IL-6、WBC,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,表明 PCT 和 CRP 对诊断 CAP 可能具有较高的准确性。PCT ＝0．3 ng／ml 时预测 CAP 的敏感度为77．8％,特异度为85．4％,推荐为最佳截点值。CRP ＝120 mg／L 时,其预测 CAP 的敏感度为84．4％,特异度为93．3％,推荐为最佳截点值。结论PCT、CRP 可能是诊断 CAP 有效的生物标志物,可作为传统诊断模式的有效补充。     

C反应蛋白在肺结核病疗效评估中的临床意义

目的 探讨CRP在结核病疗效评估中的意义。方法 选自肺结核病人100例（分为痰菌阳性40例，阴性60例），分析抗痨前后CRP及ESR的变化。结果 （1）治疗前菌阳组与菌阴组CRP、ESR比较，均未发现有差异（P均〉0．05）。（2）治疗前后菌阳组平均CRP值有显著性差异（P〈0．05），但ESR平均值无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。（3）菌阴组治疗前后CRP及ESR平均值均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 活动性肺结核患者，尤其是痰菌阳性的肺结核患者利用CRP的变化可作为评估其抗痨疗效的指标之一。     

血清降钙素原检测对细菌性肺炎及肺结核的鉴别诊断价值简

目的 探讨血清降钙素原检测对细菌性肺炎及肺结核的鉴别诊断价值.方法 分别检测45例细菌性肺炎患者和50例肺结核患者血清降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞（WBC）计数及中性粒细胞等指标.结果 肺炎组PCT、CRP、WBC、中性粒细胞（率）明显高于其他两组（P〈0.05）;肺炎组PCT诊断阳性率（77.8%）明显高于肺结核组（16.0%）（P〈0.05）.结论 血清PCT检测对肺结核和细菌性肺炎具有重要的鉴别诊断价值.     

红细胞沉降率/C反应蛋白比值联合降钙素原在鉴别诊断系统性红斑狼疮活动和细菌性感染中的价值

目的 评价红细胞沉降率(ESR)/C反应蛋白(CRP)比值联合降钙素原(PCT)在鉴别诊断系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)活动和细菌性感染中的价值。方法 将167例SLE患者分为活动组（SLE活动患者）64例和感染组（SLE合并细菌性感染患者）103例,比较两组患者的ESR、CRP、ESR/CRP比值及PCT水平,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估上述指标鉴别诊断SLE活动和细菌性感染的价值。结果 活动组患者CRP及PCT均低于感染组,ESR和ESR/CRP比值均高于感染组（P<0.05）。PCT联合ESR/CRP比值鉴别诊断SLE活动和细菌性感染的灵敏度均高于单独检测PCT、CRP、ESR/CRP比值及PCT联合CRP（P<0.05）;而上述5项指标的特异度比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。PCT联合ESR/CRP比值鉴别诊断SLE活动和细菌性感染的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）均高于CRP、ESR、PCT、ESR/CRP比值、PCT联合CRP（P<0.05）,CRP、ESR、PCT、ESR/CRP比值的约登指数（YI）分别为0.36、0.23、0.40、0.54,对应值分别为22.02mg/L、39mm/h、1.69ng/ml、11.75。结论 PCT和CRP水平在SLE合并细菌性感染者中升高,ESR/CRP比值可作为鉴别诊断SLE活动与细菌性感染的新指标,且ESR/CRP比值<11.75提示SLE合并细菌性感染的可能性大,PCT联合ESR/CRP比值更能提高鉴别诊断SLE活动与细菌性感染的价值。     

血清降钙素原、C-反应蛋白和血沉联合检测在老年肺炎中的临床价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）和血沉（ESR）在老年肺炎诊断、预后及疗效评价中的临床价值。方法对62例老年肺炎患者及52例健康老年人PCT、CRP、ESR检查指标进行比较。结果与对照组相比肺炎患者三项指标均明显升高,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。PCT、CRP、ESR的诊断敏感性分别为90．3％、83．9％、80．6％,敏感性无统计学意义。PCT特异性为98．4％,显著高于CRP、ESR的特异性（79．0％、74．2％）,有显著差异性。结论血清PCT、CRP、ESR的测定对老年肺炎有一定诊断价值,特别是PCT水平可以作为早期诊断老年肺炎的重要指标。     

莫西沙星对耐多药肺结核患者血清C-反应蛋白和降钙素原的影响

目的：观察莫西沙星对耐多药肺结核患者血清降钙素原（PCT）和C-反应蛋白（CRP）的影响。方法将76例耐多药肺结核患者按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组及对照组各38例,观察组在常规化疗的基础上加用莫西沙星;对照组在常规化疗的基础上加用左氧氟沙星。统计两组治疗后3、6、12个月的痰菌转阴率。治疗后12个月观察患者肺部X线变化。测定两组治疗前、治疗后3、6、12个月血清PCT和CRP。结果观察组治疗后3、6、12个月的痰菌转阴率均高于对照组（ P均＜0．05）。治疗后12个月,观察组病灶吸收率、空洞改善率明显高于对照组（P均＜0．05）。观察组治疗后3、6、12个月血清PCT、CRP均低于对照组（P均＜0．05）。结论莫西沙星可以明显减少耐多药肺结核患者血清PCT和CRP的表达。     

盐酸氨溴索诱导痰与传统诱导痰法在老年社区获得性肺炎临床应用的比较

目的比较盐酸氨溴索导痰与传统法导痰在老年社区获得性肺炎中的临床应用。方法将120例60岁以上老年社区获得性肺炎患者入院时随机分成两组。A组用3％盐水2ml＋盐酸氨溴索15mg,B组用3％高渗盐水4ml,分别进行压缩雾化导痰,两组患者痰液送检并进行痰培养。结果A组不良反应发生率为3．3％,B组为30．0％;A组排痰成功率为98．3％,合格率88．3％,B组排痰成功率为75．0％,合格率71．7％。以上差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A,B两组导痰的痰量分别为（9．5±2．0）ml和（7．5±2．3）ml;细胞数分别为（9．5±1．3）×10^9L和（10．2±1．3）×10^9L;肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平分别为（74±9）ng／L和（61＋8）ng／L;白介素-8（IL-8）水平分别为（96±8）ng／L和（84±56）ng／L;痰培养阳性率分别为70．0％和50．0％。A,B两组在痰量、细胞数、TNF-α和IL-8、痰培养阳性率方面的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在老年社区获得性肺炎患者中盐酸氨溴索导痰较传统导痰法更加安全有效。     

67Ga显像对活动性肺结核的诊断价值

目的：探讨67Ga显像对活动性肺结核的诊断价值。方法：对160例非肿瘤患67Ga显像结果进行回顾性分析。诊断活动性肺结核100例，陈旧性肺结核26例，普通肺炎29例，淋巴结核5例，结果：活动性肺结核患67Ga阳性显像率72．00％（72／100），明显高于陈旧性肺结核23．08％（6／26）及普通肺炎17．24％（5／29），活动性肺结核患中， 痰菌阳性患67Ga阳性显像率79．73％（59／74），明显高于痰菌阴性50．00％（13／26），结论：67Ga显像可能在判断肺结核活动中具有一定价值。     

联合检测降钙素原、血沉、C-反应蛋白在活动性肺结核中的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、血沉(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)联合定量检测在肺结核早期诊断的意义。方法选取2013年1月~2013年7月新疆维吾尔族自治区人民医院呼吸科收治的103例活动性肺结核患者,同期健康对照58例。采用双抗体夹心免疫化学发光法(ILMA)测定PCT水平,采用魏氏(Westergren)法测定ESR水平,采用全自动免疫透视比浊法测定CRP水平。结果与健康对照组比较,活动性肺结核患者的PCT、CRP、ESR显著升高,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 PCT、ESR及CRP的联合检测有助于活动期肺结核的早期诊断,对及时合理应用抗痨药物及评估肺结核的严重程度有重要的意义。     

C反应蛋白和降钙素原在急诊重症监护室的应用

目的研究c反应蛋白（CRP）和降钙素原（PCT）对监护室患者合并感染的鉴别意义和对脓毒症患者预后的评估作用。方法收集我院急诊监护室患者102例,分为脓毒症和非脓毒症组,比较两组入院时CRP、PCT和急性生理和慢性健康状况（APACHE）II评分的区别;比较脓毒症组中的死亡患者与存活患者第7d的CRP和PCT与第1d的差别。结果脓毒症组患者人院时CRP和PCT大于非脓毒症患者（P=0．001）,APACHEII评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;脓毒症死亡患者第7d的CRP和PCT与第1d比较无差异差别（P〉0．05）,脓毒症存活患者第7d的CRP和PCT较第1d明显下降（P=0．001）。结论CRP和PCT可以鉴别监护室患者是否合并感染。动态监测CRP和PCT对预测脓毒症患者预后有重要的临床意义,CRP和PCT持续高水平提示预后不良。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.