白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶体植入术

目的研究白内障超声乳化术的特点、并发症及防治措施，总结了一组白内障超声乳化术的操作改进及随访结果。方法对４０例（４０只眼）白内障施行超声乳化小切口（６ｍｍ）人工晶体植入术，并采用周边旋转刻蚀法对硬核性白内障顺利完成手术。结果术后３～６个月，裸眼视力≥１．０者占５７．５％；≥０．８者占８２．５％；≥０．５者占９７．５％。术后平均散光为０．５０±０．２５Ｄ，小于同期内施行的４０例大切口（９～１２ｍｍ）对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论该手术不失为一种优于白内障囊外摘除术且安全、可靠的复明手术。     

从白内障囊外摘除到超声乳化吸出转换初探

对５４例（５４眼）老年性、并发性和先天性白内障施行改良式Ｍａｌｏｎｅｙ法超声乳化吸出并后房型人工晶体植入术，同期将４９例（５３眼）行白内障囊外摘除后房型人工晶体植入术的病例作为对照。结果术后近期改良式Ｍａｌｏｎｅｙ法超声乳化吸出术组裸眼视力０．１—０．４者占１．８５％，０．５—０．９者占７５．９２％，１．０以上者占２２．２％，散光为１．７５±０．５Ｄ，小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论改良的Ｍａｌｏｎｅｙ式超声乳化碎核方法是一种安全、易学的转换技术，适合于初学者     

白内障超声乳化吸出及折叠人工晶体植入手术分析

目的：评价超声乳化白内障吸出及折叠人工晶体植入术的疗效。方法：对５６例（６４只眼）老年性、先天性和并发性白内障施行３．２ｍｍ巩膜隧道切口超声乳化及折叠人工晶体植入术。并对术后１周、１个月及３个月视力和散光进行追踪观察。结果：术后１周裸眼或矫正视力≥０．５者占８７．５％，１个月者占９３．８％，３个月以上者占９７．１％。术后１周平均散光为１．４２±０．８９Ｄ，１个月为０．８４±０．６４Ｄ，３个月以上为０．８１±０．１２Ｄ。与同期所做５．５ｍｍ切口超声乳化及ＰＭＭＡ硬性人工晶体植入术组比较，术后１周和１个月散光均小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），术后３个月散光无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：３．２ｍｍ切口超声乳化及折叠人工晶体植入术早期视力恢复快，效果好而稳定，角膜散光小，适当的植入方法及慎重选择病例可保证手术效果。     

白内障超声乳化术与人工晶状体植入术546例

目的 对超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术治疗白内障的临床结果进行分析研究。方法 在表面麻醉下对５４６例６７２眼不同类型的白内障患者施行不同切口的超声乳化摘出术,并植入人工晶状体。结果 术后３ｈ及１ｄ裸眼或球镜矫正视力≥０．５者分别占８３．０％、８８．９％;术后１ｗｋ及１ｍｏ视力≥１．０者分别占２７．２％、２８．５％。术前无散光而术后出现散光３５例,但均在＋１．０Ｄ以下,且不同类型的白内障患者术后视力在排除合并症干扰后并无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 超声乳化加人工晶状体植入术可广泛应用于临床所见的各种类型的白内障。     

基层医院高龄白内障超声乳化吸除术体会和分析

目的探讨基层医院开展高龄老人白内障超声乳化吸除术应注意的问题，手术难点及处理对策，旨在减少手术并发症，提高成功率。方法对109只眼，75—84岁老人白内障超声乳化吸除术作回顾性总结和分析。结果术后一周视力0．5以上68只眼，占63％。视力0．1—0．3者14只眼，占13％。0．3—0．5者23只眼，占21％。4只眼未脱盲，占3％术中并发症为后囊破裂，未发生核坠入玻璃体，无严重全是并发症发生，术后并发症主要是角膜水肿，未发生大泡性角膜炎。结论本组病例疗效满意。无严重并发症发生。手术成功的关键是要充分了解高龄白内障老人眼部及全身生理特点，对各种手术并发症的原因和表现有清醒的认识，具备扎实的手术操作技巧。     

白内障超声乳化术后低视力的临床分析

分析白内障超声乳化术后低视力的原因,方法,统计白内障超声乳化术２１４例２３３眼术后３月时同力及眼部检查情况,结果４３眼视力低于０．３,其中超声乳化手术并发症１７眼,白内障患者眼部原有的并发症１３眼,两者时存在１３眼。     

外伤性白内障超声乳化吸出术

目的 探讨外伤性白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入的处理方法和疗效。方法 对１９眼外伤性白内障行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后１ｗｋ视力≥０．５者１１例（５７．９％）,≥１．０者３例（１５．８％）,术后１ｍｏ视力≥０．５者１５例（７８．９％）,≥１．０者４例（２１．０％）。结论 在具备良好的手术条件、熟练的操作技术下,根据外伤性白内障的不同情况,采用相应的超声乳化技术,可以取得满意效果。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术分析

目的 评价超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术（ＰＨＡＣＯ＋ＩＯＬ）的疗效。方法 对１００例（１１眼）白内障施行超声乳化人工晶状体植入手术治疗,并对术后１周、１月就３月视力及散光进行追踪观察。与同期１００例（１０５眼）白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入术（ＥＣＣＥ＋ＩＯＬ）的病例组比较。结果 ＦＨＡＣＯ＋ＩＯＬ组术后视力≥０．５者,１周占９２．９％,１月占９４．１％,３月占９６．８％;术后平均散光１     

白内障超声乳化摘出转型期50眼临床分析

目的 对转型白内障超声乳化摘出术５０眼进行总结。方法 ５０眼白内障作巩膜隧道切口,ＣＣＣ,弹性法或分而治之法碎核,囊袋内植入ＩＯＬ。结果 术后第３天裸眼视力≥０．５者３１例（６２％）,０．２￣０．４眼１５眼（３０％）,≤０．１者４眼（８％）,并发症有虹膜损伤,后囊破裂、角膜水肿,前房渗出反应。结论 在转型期术者必须充分认识超声乳化手术的特点,选择合适的病例,严格规范第一操作步骤,不断提高手术技巧,     

葡萄膜炎并发白内障手术治疗的临床观察

目的　探讨葡萄膜炎并发白内障手术治疗的方法和临床效果。方法　３３例（３３眼）葡萄膜炎并发白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗,术前和术后给予泼尼松联合环磷酰胺治疗。术后观察视力、眼压、并发症以及葡萄膜炎复发等情况。术后随访６个月。结果　３３眼术后视力均有不同程度提高。术后最佳矫正视力≤０．１者３眼（９．０９％）,＞０．１～＜０．５者１１眼（３３．３３％）,０．５～＜１．０者１４眼（４２．４２％）,≥１．０者５眼（１５．１５％）。术后并发症包括后发性白内障２眼（６．０６％）,虹膜轻微后粘连６眼（１８．１８％）,白细胞数量轻度降低１例（３．０３％）。术后眼压均控制在正常范围内。随访期内未见葡萄膜炎复发。结论　葡萄膜炎并发白内障行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,术前和术后给予小剂量糖皮质激素联合环磷酰胺治疗效果较好,便于临床应用。     

Surgical outcome of combined trabeculotomy and cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of combined trabeculotomy and cataract surgery in lowering intraocular pressure and improving visual acuity in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 141 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension was prospectively recruited. One hundred five eyes with visual field defects were treated by trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (TPI group), and 36 eyes without visual field defects underwent cataract surgery (PI group). Patients in the TPI and PI groups were followed for more than 6 months after surgery (578.1 +/- 35.8 days and 616.0 +/- 58.5 days, respectively). The intraocular pressure reductions after surgery were compared between the groups to evaluate the effect of combined trabeculotomy and cataract surgery. Visual acuity and the complication rate in the two groups were secondary outcomes. The success probabilities of both groups were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier life table analysis with log rank test. RESULTS: A significant intraocular pressure reduction was observed in the TPI and PI groups up to 3 years and up to 1 year and 6 months after surgery, respectively; the magnitude of the reduction was significantly larger in the TPI group up to 3 years after surgery. The success probabilities of TPI group for intraocular pressure control under 21, 17, and 15 mm Hg were 95.8%, 58.7%, and 30.0%, respectively, 1 year after surgery, and 84.9%, 29.5%, and 13.5%, respectively, 3 years after surgery; the success probabilities were significantly higher than those of the PI group. Of 105 eyes, 104 (99.0%) had visual acuity equal to or better than the baseline acuity 3 months after combined trabeculotomy and cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: Combined trabeculotomy and cataract surgery normalizes intraocular pressure and improves visual acuity in adults with glaucoma and coexisting cataract.     

青光眼术后白内障患者超声乳化术效果观察

目的观察青光眼滤过术后白内障患者超声乳化术的临床效果。方法闭角型青光眼滤过术6个月后白内障68例（68眼）,进行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。术后随访3～36月,观察视力、眼压、前房深度、角膜内皮细胞计数等,并与术前对比。结果68眼视力均有不同程度提高,其中66眼（97．06％）视力0．3～1．0。术后眼压均在正常范围,较术前提高,差异有统计学意义。术后前房深度加深,差异有统计学意义。术前角膜内皮细胞密度（2286．32±336．22）个／mm^2,术后（2167．52±346．32）个／mm^2,差异无统计学意义（t=-0．59,P=0．613）。结论青光眼滤过术后白内障患者超声乳化术后视力恢复良好,前房加深,眼压稳定。     

Five-year change in visual acuity following cataract surgery in an older community: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

AIMS: To assess the change in visual acuity following cataract surgery in the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) population. Change in visual acuity was assessed by age, sex, baseline cataract type, and baseline visual acuity. METHODS: A 5-year prospective follow-up of the population-based BMES cohort, who were initially examined in 1992. After 5 years, 2335 survivors of 3654 (75.1%) baseline BMES participants were re-examined. Slit-lamp and retro-illumination lens photographs were graded for the presence of incident cataract and evidence of cataract surgery. Visual acuity was measured using a logMAR chart, read at 2.4 m. The main outcome measure was change in the number of logMAR letters correctly identified by eyes that underwent cataract surgery during the 5-year follow-up period. RESULTS: In a multiple linear regression model, age (P<0.0001) and early age-related maculopathy (ARM) at baseline (P<0.0001) were found to affect adversely the postoperative visual acuity following the cataract surgery. As expected, eyes with any baseline cataract showed the greatest improvement in visual acuity after cataract surgery (right eyes: mean +/- s.e. change of 3.75 +/- 1.34 letters; left eyes: mean change +/- s.e. of 6.7 +/- 0.99 letters). There was also a statistically significant improvement in vision after cataract surgery in eyes with no significant lens opacity graded as present at baseline (right eyes: mean +/- s.e. change of 3.78 +/- 1.85 letters; left eyes: mean change +/- s.e. of 2.68 +/- 1.33 letters). CONCLUSIONS: Age and baseline cataract or ARM status, and baseline visual acuity were determinants of the postoperative visual outcome in older persons who underwent cataract surgery in this community.     

颞侧巩膜小切口手法白内障摘出术治疗青光眼术后白内障

目的评价青光眼小梁切除术后白内障经颞侧巩膜小切口白内障摘出术手术方法和临床效果。方法采用颞侧巩膜隧道切口，对42例（47眼）青光眼术后白内障施行小切口白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术，术后观察视力、眼压、角膜曲率、滤泡等情况。结果随访3～18个月，47眼视力较术前均有提高，眼压与术前基本相同，滤泡形态无改变，术后角膜曲率的变化（0．75～1．25D）在术后3个月恢复至术前状态。未见明显并发症。结论经颞侧巩膜手法小切口白内障摘出术是治疗青光跟术后白内障的有效方法。     

白内障手术中Ⅰ期人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术的体会

目的：探讨白内障复明术中l期人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定手术的技巧,并发症和发生原因及处理方法。
　　方法：回顾36例37眼l期行人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术手术方法,并对手术效果及并发症予以分析。
　　结果：术后随访3~24lo,最佳矫正视力≥0.8者4眼(11%),0.4~0.8者19眼(51%),0.1~0.3者14眼(38%)。主要并发症为角膜轻水肿内皮混浊10眼(27%),玻璃体出血3眼(8%),所有患者无严重并发症。
　　结论：l期人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术是白内障常规手术方法的补充,安全、有效,可显著提高视力,减少并发症的发生。     

硬核白内障摘出手术中水平手法劈核的效果

目的评价水平手法劈核治疗老年性硬核白内障摘出手术中应用的效果及安全性。方法对89例（89眼）老年性白内障摘出手术,核硬度Ⅲ级至Ⅳ级行水平手法劈核,植入硬性人工晶状体,术后3个月内观察视力、角膜散光度及手术并发症。结果术后第1周视力≥0．5者63眼（70．78％）,0．8—1．0者18眼（20．22％）。角膜平均散光度术后3个月与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,3眼出现后囊破裂（3．37％）,无术后感染或角膜内皮失代偿等严重并发症。结论水平手法劈核用于硬核白内障摘出手术,术后视力恢复好,手术方法简单、安全。     

Epi-LASIK治疗白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后屈光不正的疗效观察

目的　观察Ｅｐｉ-ＬＡＳＩＫ治疗白内障摘出联合人工晶状体（ｉｎｔｒａｏｃｕｌａｒｌｅｎｓ,ＩＯＬ）植入术后屈光不正的临床疗效。方法　选取白内障摘出联合ＩＯＬ植入术后的屈光不正患者４２例５１眼实施Ｅｐｉ-ＬＡＳＩＫ,所有患者术前均接受详细的术前检查,术后随访６个月,观察患者恢复情况。结果　术后６个月时,裸眼视力＞１．０者３８眼（７４．５１％）,≥０．８～１．０者９眼（１７．６５％）,４８眼（９４．１２％）达到术前最佳矫正视力。球镜度数（－０．３９±０．４７）Ｄ,其中±１．００Ｄ以内者４８眼（９４．１２％）,±０．５０Ｄ以内者３７眼（７２５５％）;柱镜度数（０．２４±０．５２）Ｄ,其中柱镜度数±１．００Ｄ以内者为４５眼（８８．２４％）,±０．５０Ｄ以内者３４眼（６６．６７％）。随访期内４眼（７．８４％）出现０．５级ｈａｚｅ,２眼（３．９２％）１级ｈａｚｅ,经治疗角膜均恢复透明;所有患者随访期内未见严重并发症发生。结论　Ｅｐｉ-ＬＡＳＩＫ治疗白内障摘出联合ＩＯＬ植入术后屈光不正具有良好的安全性、有效性和可预测性。     

滤过术后选择性隧道切口晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入

目的评价青光眼滤过术后晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术的效果。方法对33例（51眼）青光眼滤过术后的白内障，采用选择性切口行晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入。随诊3—18月，观察术后滤过泡、眼压、视力及并发症等情况。结果51眼术前视力手动-0．6，术后视力均较术前明显提高。其中，0．05-0．2者2眼（3．92％），0．3-0．4者7眼（13．73％），0．5-0．8者12眼（23．53％），1．0-1．2者30眼（58．82％）。13眼滤过泡无影响，眼压均在正常范围。24眼有不同程度的角膜水肿、炎症反应，用药后恢复，无角膜失代偿。结论青光眼滤过术后白内障，采用选择性隧道切口行晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术，可以避开滤过泡，保护原有滤过功能，术后反应轻，视功能恢复好，手术安全可靠。     

Laser in situ keratomileusis to correct residual myopia after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correcting residual myopia after cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients underwent LASIK for the correction of residual myopia after cataract surgery. LASIK was carried out using the Chiron Automated Corneal Shaper and the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser. In all eyes, the follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS: Before LASIK, 1 eye (4.5%) had an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better; 12 months after LASIK, 10 eyes (45.4%) achieved this level of visual acuity and 0 eyes achieved 1.00 or better. Before LASIK, mean refraction was -2.90 +/- 1.80 D; 12 months after LASIK it decreased significantly to 0.40 +/- 0.60 D (P < .01). In 18 eyes (81.8%) at 12 months after LASIK, spherical equivalent refraction was within +/-1.00 D of emmetropia; 11 eyes (50%) were within 0.50 D. No vision-threatening complications occurred. CONCLUSION: LASIK with the Automated Corneal Shaper and Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser was an effective, predictable, stable, and safe procedure for correcting residual myopia after cataract surgery. No intraocular lens or cataract incision related complications occurred when LASIK was performed at least 3 months after phacoemulsification.     

反眉弓形单切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼

目的观察改良的反眉弓单切口非超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术（以下简称联合手术）治疗白内障合并青光眼的效果。方法对58例（63眼）白内障合并青光眼施行联合手术,术后随访3-9个月,观察视力、眼压、滤过泡及并发症情况。结果视力〉0.3者48眼（76.19%）,眼压〈20mmHg者60眼（95.24%）;3眼术后眼压波动在24mmHg左右,用0.5%噻吗酰胺滴眼液后眼压控制在正常范围;功能性滤过泡（包括I型、Ⅱ型）57眼（90.48%）。无严重并发症发生。结论青光眼并存白内障的情况下采用联合手术是目前最佳的手术治疗方法,不但能良好地控制眼压,迅速恢复视力,并且并发症少,手术适应证广。该手术不需要昂贵的超声乳化设备,简单易行容易掌握,远期效果良好。