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1.
Megan A. Moreno Jens Eickhoff Qianqian Zhao Joan-Carles Suris 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(1):131-133
Purpose
Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a growing health concern; universal screening and validated interventions remain elusive. This pilot study's purpose was to assess participants’ self-appraisal of PIU risk, and the subsequent frequency and outcome of behavior change after validated PIU screening.Methods
In this 3-year study, college student participants reported yearly self-appraised PIU risk, and then completed a problematic and risky internet use screening scale. At Time 3, participants reported behavior change based on Time 2 screening.Results
Our 283 participants were 57% female and 75% Caucasian. Participants’ self-appraisal of PIU risk had a sensitivity of 23%–39%. Of 29 participants at risk at Time 2, six (20.6%) reported attempted behavior change at Time 3, though 83.3% remained at risk.Conclusions
College students have varied capacity to assess and implement effective behavior change regarding PIU. The role of providers in identification and intervention for PIU remains critical. 相似文献2.
Leonardo Essado Rios Álex Moreira Herval Raquel Conceição Ferreira Maria do Carmo Matias Freire 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(2):149-157
Purpose
To synthesize evidence on the prevalences of stages of change (Transtheoretical Model) for smoking cessation in adolescents and associated factors.Methods
A systematic search of Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), SCOPUS (Elsevier), MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO (APA) was conducted to identify eligible studies. Two calibrated reviewers selected studies independently, extracted data, and appraised studies. A qualitative synthesis of the findings and meta-analysis of the prevalences of the stages of change for smoking cessation were carried out. A quality effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalences.Results
Eleven studies (N?=?6469 adolescents) from five middle- to high-income countries were included in the review. Precontemplators accounted for 41% of smokers in earlier stages of change (95%CI: 34%–49%). In such a group, a lowered decisional balance, the lowest self-efficacy, and highest nicotine dependence were found (p < .05).Conclusions
A higher overall prevalence of adolescents in precontemplation stage for smoking cessation was observed. Such group displayed more unfavorable smoking-related behaviors and characteristics than adolescents in other stages. The evidence is limited due to the lack of studies in adolescents living in low-income countries. 相似文献3.
Tatiana Elghossain Sarah Bott Chaza Akik Hala Ghattas Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(1):8-19
Purpose
This article presents a systematic review of the prevalence of violence against adolescents in the 22 countries of the Arab League.Methods
Data on physical and emotional child maltreatment, sexual abuse, bullying and fighting, violence in schools, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls were retrieved using: (1) a systematic search for peer-reviewed journal articles using Medline and the Social Sciences Citation Index; and (2) a search for nationally-representative, population-based surveys.Results
Published evidence suggests that physical, sexual, and emotional violence against adolescents is widespread in the Arab region. In many studies, prevalence rates exceeded other regional or global estimates, including rates of violent discipline, fighting, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls. Data on certain forms of violence (e.g. violent discipline) are available from many Arab countries; but data on other forms, e.g., sexual abuse, are scarce. Most peer-reviewed journal articles are based on small studies with diverse operational definitions and methods, making comparisons challenging.Conclusions
High rates of violence against adolescents in the region merit greater attention from policy makers concerned with determinants of adolescent health. There is also a need to expand and improve the quality of quantitative and qualitative research on violence against adolescents in the region. 相似文献4.
Brian V. Monahan Jose V. Nable Vince WinklerPrins 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(1):134-136
Purpose
Medical amnesty policies (MAPs) at universities attempt to encourage students to seek emergency medical care by reducing disciplinary sanctions. This study analyzed how a MAP affected requests for emergency medical help to a collegiate-based emergency medical services (CBEMS) agency for alcohol-related issues.Methods
This before-and-after study analyzed CBEMS call data for the 6 semesters prior to and after MAP implementation. Extracted data included patient demographics, dispatch time, and requests for advanced life support (ALS) resources.Results
Following MAP introduction, increases were observed in alcohol-related calls/day in the fall semesters (0.84 vs. 0.93; p < 0.01). The median time of calls decreased; 1:20 a.m. versus 12:59 a.m. (median difference 21 minutes, p < 0.001). Finally, ALS was requested less often (9.0% vs. 3.7%; odds ratio 0.39; p < 0.01).Conclusions
MAP implementation at a university with a CBEMS is associated with a higher call volume, requests for service that occur earlier in the evening, and reduction in ALS requests for alcohol-related emergencies. 相似文献5.
6.
Amier Haidar Nalini Ranjit Debra Saxton Deanna M. Hoelscher 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2019,51(1):23-31
Objective
Investigate associations between perceived parental/peer support for a healthy diet and adolescent dietary behaviors using data from the 2009–2011 School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) survey.Design
A secondary analysis of SPAN, a cross-sectional statewide study using a validated self-administered questionnaire, assessed obesity-related behaviors.Setting
Probability-based sample of Texas 8th- and 11th-grade students.Participants
A total of 6,716 8th- and 11th-grade students.Main Outcome Measures
Obtained by self-report and included sugary beverage consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and SPAN healthy eating score.Analysis
Multiple logistic regression and linear regression were used to determine associations, controlling for demographic variables.Results
For every 1-point increase in parental support (range, 0–12), adolescents had 1.19 times higher odds of consuming ≥1 fruits or vegetables/d (P < .001) and 1.1 times lower odds of consuming ≥2 sugary beverages/d (P < .05), and had a SPAN healthy eating score (range, –100 to 100) that was 1.6 points higher (P < .001). For every 1-point increase in peer support, adolescents had 1.14 times higher odds of consuming ≥1 fruits and vegetables/d (P < .001) and a higher SPAN healthy eating score (P < .05).Conclusions and Implications
Parental/peer support was associated with healthier dietary behaviors. Future research could conduct pre-post intervention studies to determine whether an increase in parental/peer support is associated with positive changes in healthier eating. 相似文献7.
Kate Coleman-Minahan Amanda Jean Stevenson Emily Obront Susan Hays 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(1):20-25
Purpose
Like many states, Texas requires parental consent for adolescents under 18 to access abortion care. Adolescents who cannot obtain parental consent can try to obtain a judicial bypass of parental consent through the court system. Little is known about adolescents’ experiences with the judicial bypass process. Working with Jane's Due Process, an organization providing legal representation for adolescents, we explored adolescents’ experiences with the judicial bypass process.Methods
We conducted phone interviews with 20 adolescents, 16–19 years old in Texas between September and December 2016 about their experiences trying to obtain a judicial bypass. Data analysis included inductive and deductive coding based on theories about engaging with the court system and stigma regarding abortion and adolescent sexuality.Results
In addition to unpredictability and logistic burdens such as finding time away from school and arranging transportation, participants described the bypass process as “intimidating” and “scary” and described judges and guardians-ad-litem who shamed them, “preached” at them, and discredited evidence of their maturity. Data suggest adolescents internalize stigma and trauma they experienced through rationalizing both the need for the bypass process and disrespectful treatment by authority figures.Conclusions
We found the bypass process functions as a form of punishment and allows state actors to humiliate adolescents for their personal decisions. The bypass process was implemented to protect adolescents from alleged negative emotional consequences of abortion, yet our results suggest the bypass process itself causes emotional harm through unpredictability and humiliation. Despite participants’ resilience, the process may have negative consequences for adolescent health. 相似文献8.
The Role of Self-Identity in Predicting College Students’ Intention to Consume Fruits and Vegetables
Objective
To identify factors influencing intention to consume fruits and vegetables (F&V) among college students by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior with the inclusion of self-identity and past behavior.Design
Cross-sectional study conducted in 2017.Setting
Undergraduate classes at the University of Alabama.Participants
A total of 343 undergraduate students, mean age 20.3 years, participated in the study.Main Outcome Measure(s)
Participants completed validated instruments measuring Theory of Planned Behavior variables, past behavior, and self-identity.Analysis
Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Overall chi-square goodness of fit, comparative fit index, root mean square error of approximation, and Tucker-Lewis Index were used to assess model fit.Results
Model fit indices showed that the hypothesized structural equation modeling model provided a good fit to the data (χ2?=?306.35; degrees of freedom?=?104, root mean square error of approximation?=?0.08; comparative fit index =0.95; Tucker-Lewis Index?=?0.94). Self-identity was the most significant predictor of intention to consume fruits and vegetables, followed by attitude, past behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm among college students.Conclusions and Implications
Nutrition education advocating the role of increased F&V consumption in positive self-identity, such as handouts incorporating images relatable to college students, may increase college students’ intention to consume F&V. 相似文献9.
10.
José Azevedo Patrícia Padrão Maria J. Gregório Carla Almeida Nuno Moutinho Nanna Lien Renata Barros 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2019,51(3):326-334
Objective
Assess the impact of a web-based gamification program on nutrition literacy of families and explore differences in impact by socioeconomic status.Design
Quasi-experimental.Setting
Thirty-seven kindergartens from Portugal.Participants
Eight hundred seventy-seven families.Intervention
Web-based social network of participants' interactions, educational materials, apps and nutritional challenges, focused on fruit, vegetables, sugar, and salt.Main Outcome Measures
Parental nutrition literacy (self-reported survey – 4 dimensions: Nutrients, Food portions, Portuguese food wheel groups, Food labeling).Analysis
General linear model – Repeated measures was used to analyze the effect on the nutrition literacy score.Results
Families uploaded 1267 items (recipes, photographs of challenges) and educators uploaded 327 items (photographs, videos) onto the interactive platform. For the intervention group (n?=?106), the final mean (SD) score of nutrition literacy was significantly higher than the baseline: 78.8% (15.6) vs 72.7% (16.2); P < .001, regardless of parental education and perceived income status. No significant differences in the scores of the control group (n?=?83) were observed (final 67.8% [16.1] vs initial 66.4% [15.6]; P?=?.364).Conclusions and Implications
Gamified digital interactive platform seems to be a useful, easily adapted educational tool for the healthy eating learning process. Future implementations of the program will benefit from longer time intervention and assessment of the eating habits of families before and after intervention. 相似文献11.
12.
Angela J. Jacques-Tiura Deborah A. Ellis April Idalski Carcone Sylvie Naar Kathryn Brogan Hartlieb Elizabeth K. Towner Thomas N. Templin K.-L. Catherine Jen 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(3):355-361
Objective
Successful weight loss interventions for African-Americans adolescents are lacking. Cognitive-behavioral interventions seek to develop weight loss skills (e.g., counting calories, goal setting, managing one's environment). Little is known about how well adolescents implement such skills in their daily lives. Study aims were to (1) examine weight loss skills utilization at midpoint and end of a 6-month cognitive-behavioral/motivational interviewing weight loss sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART), and (2) determine if greater skill utilization predicted weight loss at treatment end and 3 months post-treatment.Method
One hundred and eighty six African-Americans adolescents with obesity and their caregiver were first randomly assigned to complete 3 months of cognitive-behavioral and motivational interviewing family-based weight loss treatment in their home or in the research office (Phase 1). Nonresponders (i.e., those who lost < 3% of initial weight, n?=?161) were rerandomized to 3 months of continued skills training (n?=?83) or contingency management (n?=?78) for Phase 2; responders were allocated to 3 months of relapse prevention (n?=?20). Adolescents’ frequency of weight loss skills utilization was assessed via questionnaire at treatment midpoint and end.Results
Higher treatment attendance was associated with better skill utilization. Higher skill utilization was associated with more weight loss at treatment end, whereas higher baseline confidence was associated with more weight loss at follow-up.Conclusions
This study indicates the importance of attending weight loss intervention sessions to develop and strengthen weight loss skills in African-American adolescents with obesity, and strengthening confidence to use such skills for continued weight loss. 相似文献13.
Xiaoyu Song Jonathan D. Klein Hanying Yan Marina Catallozzi Xianling Wang Jenifer Heitel Kristen Kaseeska Julie Gorzkowski John S. Santelli 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(2):235-241
Purpose
Little is known about whether parents and adolescents agree in their attitudes towards preventive care, private time, and confidentiality for adolescent care.Methods
We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,209 13–18 year-old U.S. adolescents and their parents. Parent and adolescents attitudes towards preventive services, private time, and confidentiality were compared. Parent-youth dyad agreement was measured using Cohen's kappa and Spearman coefficients and modeled for association with demographic variables.Results
Parents are more likely than adolescents to think preventive services are important (71% vs. 48%; p < .001). Parent-youth attitudes were weakly to moderately correlated (Cohen's kappa coefficient?=?.22; p < .001). Parents and adolescents report similar ages for when teens should start having private time (median 16 years for both) and many think this age should be at 18, the legal age of adulthood). Fewer than half believe confidentiality should be provided for 10 services, ranging from routine care to abortion care (parents range: 12.8%–52.3%; adolescents: 24.0%–58.8%). While most adolescents agreed with their parents, teens were more likely to report wanting confidential access than parents. Older age, Hispanic ethnicity, having divorced parents and higher family income were associated with both adolescent/parent and adolescent endorsement of confidentiality.Conclusions
Adolescents and parents generally agree about the importance of preventive services, private time, confidentiality, and what should and should not be confidential. On average, parents value clinical preventive services more than youth, and youth value confidentiality more than parents. Both believe private time should start at ages older than those recommended in clinical guidelines. 相似文献14.
15.
Amanda Walch Philip Loring Rhonda Johnson Melissa Tholl Andrea Bersamin 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2019,51(3):318-325
Objective
To identify practices, attitudes, and beliefs associated with intake of traditional foods among Alaska Native women.Design
Cross-sectional study that measured traditional food intake; participation in food-sharing networks; presence of a hunter or fisherman in the home; the preference, healthfulness, and economic value of traditional foods; and financial barriers to obtaining these foods.Participants
Purposive sample of 71 low-income Alaska Native women receiving Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) assistance in Anchorage, AK.Analysis
Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses.Results
Traditional foods contributed 4% of total daily calories. Given a choice, 63% of participants indicated that they would prefer half or more of the foods they ate to be traditional (ie, not store-bought). The majority of participants (64%) believed that traditional foods were healthier than store-bought foods. Of all participants, 72% relied on food-sharing networks for traditional foods; only 21% acquired traditional foods themselves. Participants who ate more traditional foods preferred traditional foods (B?=?.011 P?=?.02).Implications for Research and Practice
Traditional food intake was low and findings suggested that Alaska Native women living in an urban setting prefer to consume more but are unable to do so. Future research might examine the effect of enhancing social networks and implementing policies that support traditional food intake. 相似文献16.
Purpose
Little is known whether mothers' own care use is differentially associated with their adolescents’ routine care use by gender. The main purpose of this study is to examine whether mothers’ healthcare use prospectively predicts their adolescents’ routine care use stratified by gender, after controlling for predisposing (child's age, race/ethnicity, region of residence, urbanicity, and mother's age at child's birth), enabling (mother's education, adolescent and mother health insurance), and need (child health status) factors.Methods
In 2018, a prospective analysis was conducted using data from 5,040 adolescents aged 9–24 and their mothers who completed the two-generation National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in 2006 (first interview) and 2008 (second interview). Findings include percentages and adjusted odds ratios of the factors that predict adolescents’ self-report of routine care use in the past year measured at the second interview.Results
In 2008, over half of participants reported a routine doctor visit during the prior 12 months and this varied by gender; more females (68.7%) had a visit than males (53.5%). Factors that independently predicted a greater odds of adolescents’ routine doctor visits included mothers with routine doctor visits at both interviews or the second interview only, and adolescents’ health insurance and past routine visit, regardless of gender. Males aged 18–20 and 21–24 years had lower odds of having a routine doctor visit than males aged 9–11 years.Conclusions
This study provides evidence for the potential role that mothers’ care use can play in their adolescents’ routine care use, especially for their sons, independent of insurance status. 相似文献17.
Joel Mittleman 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(2):172-178
Purpose
Sexual minority adolescents face well-documented disparities in terms of peer victimization and mental health. Less is known about how these disparities emerge and change throughout childhood. Providing prospective evidence on sexual minorities’ peer victimization and mental health from early childhood through adolescence, the current study addresses this gap.Methods
Analyses used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a population-based cohort study of children born in twenty American cities between 1998 and 2000. Teens reported sexual minority status during interviews conducted (primarily by phone) between 2014 and 2017. Multivariate regression analyses examined disparities in peer victimization and mental health at ages 5, 9, and 15.Results
Compared to their peers, sexual minorities experienced similar rates of peer victimization at age 5 but substantially higher rates at ages 9 and 15. Sexual minority children's elevated bullying rates at age 9 were confirmed using independent reports from both parents and the children themselves. Disparities in depressive/anxious symptoms were not documented until age 15, at which time large disparities were reported across three diagnostic scales and two measures of professional diagnosis/treatment. Both current and prior peer victimization were robust predictors of adolescent mental health, explaining about 20% of the disparities between sexual minority teens and their peers.Conclusions
Sexual minority children's social vulnerabilities appear to emerge between ages 5 and 9, followed by the emergence of mental health disparities between 9 and 15. Results underscore the importance of intervening early to prevent the emergence of bullying behaviors. 相似文献18.
Nathalie Michels Karen Van den Bussche Johan Vande Walle Stefaan De Henauw 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2019,51(1):32-40
Objective
To investigate school policies and practices related to drinking fluids and toileting and test their association with children's hydration status and toilet behaviors.Design
Cross-sectional study in 2014.Setting
Seventeen Belgian primary schools.Participants
A total of 416 children (aged 7–13 years).Main Outcome Measures
Hydration was measured by urinary osmolality in a pooled school-day sample and by impedance-based body water percentage. Children reported how much they liked school toilets. School policy and practices were reported by schools on 59 items over 10 policy components.Analysis
Multilevel logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, region and socioeconomic status.Results
School's weaknesses were the lack of policy participation by parents and children; official agreements (only in 11%); organizing education on drinking and toilet visits; and toilet infrastructure. Children's hydration was higher in schools that (1) made water available, (2) organized toilet and drinking related education, (3) had formal agreements on drinking and toilet visits, and (4) had good toilet maintenance. Children liked school toilets more in schools that (1) organized toilet and drinking related education, (2) had an official policy on drinking, (3) had good toilet infrastructure, and (4) allowed policy participation by parents and children.Conclusions and Implications
Specific action points for school management and government to improve children's hydration at school were detected by focusing on both drinking and toilet practices/infrastructure. 相似文献19.