新疆农牧区哈萨克族龋病相关因素的Logistic回归分析

目的探讨新疆哈萨克族牧民引发龋病的相关因素。方法对农牧区哈萨克族310名牧民进行口腔检查及问卷调查,用SPSS软件对13个变量进行单因素χ2检验及多因素logistic回归分析。结果分析结果显示,最终进入主效应模型的哈萨克族龋病影响因素是性别、咀嚼习惯、唾液pH值。结论哈萨克族龋病的发生受性别、咀嚼习惯、唾液pH值的影响。     

吸烟促进牙周感染研究进展

吸烟是牙周病的危险因素,可以从多个方面影响牙周病的发生、发展和预后。本文仅从吸烟对牙周菌群、炎症介质、牙周成纤维细胞、牙周感染进程、牙周治疗效果及预后等方面的影响以及被动吸烟与牙周病的关系方面进行综述。     

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吸烟是牙周病的危险因素,可以从多个方面影响牙周病的发生、发展和预后。本文仅从吸烟对牙周菌群、炎症介质、牙周成纤维细胞、牙周感染进程、牙周治疗效果及预后等方面的影响以及被动吸烟与牙周病的关系方面进行综述。     

吸烟与牙周病关系的研究进展

吸烟是牙周病的危险因子,可从多个方面影响牙周病的发生、发展和预后。本丈仅从吸烟对牙周菌群、免疫系统、局部牙周组织和牙周治疗效果和预后等方面的影响进行综述。     

MMP-2在吸烟牙周炎患者牙龈组织中的表达

目的:从MMP-2的酶活性和mRNA水平探讨吸烟与牙周病的关系。方法:利用明胶酶活性分析(zymog-raphy)和RT-PCR方法,分别检测6例吸烟牙周病、6例不吸烟牙周病、6例吸烟正常人、6例不吸烟正常人的牙龈组织中MMP-2的酶活性和mRNA表达。结果:吸烟和牙周病牙龈组织中MMP-2酶活性都较正常组有增加,但吸烟牙周病组的MMP-2的酶活性与吸烟无牙周病组和不吸烟牙周病组有明显差异(P<0.01),吸烟牙周病患者牙周组织中MMP-2的mRNA水平较正常组明显增加(P<0.01)。结论:MMP-2在吸烟牙周炎牙周组织的破坏中起重要作用。     

新疆汉族与哈萨克族成人颜面比例分析与比较

目的:获得新疆地区的汉族和哈萨克族正常成年人的颜面比例特征及不同民族之间的差异。方法:从乌鲁木齐市在校大学生中,按标准随机选取汉族94名(男48,女46)和哈萨克族84名(男42,女42)正常成年人为研究对象,按照同一标准分别对每一位受试者拍摄正面像;将资料导入计算机,选择20个软组织标志点,并用photoshop测量软件对正面像进行15个项目的定点测量,建立了19项颜面比值,利用SPSS 19.0软件包对比值结果进行独立样本t检验。结果:性别差异:与女性相比,男性面部偏短宽,眼裂宽度较小,而鼻翼宽度较大;民族差异:不论男女,汉族人眼裂宽度、口裂宽度较小,而内眦及鼻翼宽度较大。结论:新疆地区的汉族与哈萨克族男女颜面比例存在一定差异。     

吸烟与牙周病关系的研究进展

吸烟是牙周病的危险因子，可从多个方面影响牙周病的发生、发展和预后。本文仅从吸烟对牙周菌群、免疫系统、局部牙周组织和牙周治疗效果和预后等方面的影响进行综述。     

上海妊娠期女性牙周健康状况的多因素分析

目的:了解上海市妊娠期女性的牙周健康状况,探讨妊娠期女性牙周健康的影响因素,为以后进行有针对性的口腔健康教育、制订公共卫生策略提供依据。方法:采用横断面研究, 随机抽取各区县妇幼保健院建卡的妊娠期女性(0~40周)进行调查。调查方法包括问卷调查和临床牙周检查, 牙周检查项目包括可视菌斑指数、探诊出血指数、牙周袋深度、临床附着丧失。采用SPSS18.0软件包对数据进行χ2检验和logistic多因素回归分析。结果:共调查561名妊娠期女性,平均年龄(27.5±4.0)岁,孕周5~40周,平均孕周(18.9±8.1)周。牙周病患病率49.6%,其中牙周炎患病率为6.8%,牙龈炎为42.8%。Logistic回归分析显示,处于妊娠中、晚期的女性比妊娠早期更容易患牙周病;居住在郊区的妊娠期女性比居住在市区者患牙周病的危险性高。结论:上海市妊娠期女性牙周病的患病率与妊娠周期、居住地有关,应该加强对相应高危人群的口腔健康教育。     

新疆地区汉族与哈萨克族正常牙合颅颌骨形态X线头影测量的比较研究

目的研究新疆地区正常牙合汉族人颅颌骨形态,比较与哈萨克族颅颌骨组织形态的差异。方法选择81名正常牙合汉族男女拍摄头颅定位侧貌X光数字化图像,用经典分析方法和综合分析方法作线距分析、角度分析、比例分析及综合分析并与哈萨克族资料进行比较。由PACS5.0测量软件完成各项指标测量,测量结果进行统计分析。结果新疆地区汉族与哈萨克族颅颌形态同性别间两两比较,两者均为直面型和短面型,面前份较平直;哈萨克族全颅底长、前后面高度、面深度均大于汉族,鼻根点略前挺;汉族上颌突度大于哈萨克族,颏突度较小。结论新疆地区汉族与哈萨克族正常牙合颅颌骨形态X线头影测量结果有差异。     

维持性血液透析患者牙周健康状况调查及分析

目的: 通过调查维持性血液透析患者牙周健康状况,为血液透析患者的牙周疾病提供有效的治疗与预防依据。方法: 选取2017年6月~2018年2月在北京大学第三医院透析中心进行维持性血液透析治疗的1143例患者为研究对象。检查其牙周健康状况,并根据牙周病严重程度分为轻度牙周病组(A组,368例)和中、重度牙周病组(B组,567例)。采用单因素及多因素分析影响维持性血液透析患者牙周病加重的危险因素。结果: 本研究1143例维持性血液透析患者中,牙周健康者208例(18.20%)、轻度牙周病患者368例(32.20%),中度牙周病患者392例(34.30%),重度牙周病患者175例(15.30%)。单因素分析结果显示两组患者在体重、吸烟、口腔定期护理、每日刷牙次数、每次刷牙时长、是否合并糖尿病、透析时间、透析频率以及白蛋白水平方面比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步进行多因素分析显示透析时间、透析频率以及合并糖尿病是维持性血液透析患者牙周病加重的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论: 维持性血液透析患者均患有不同程度的牙周病,对于透析时间较长、透析频率频繁以及合并糖尿病患者应密切注意,对患者的牙周卫生给予合理指导,避免其牙周病病情加重。     

Variation in periodontal referral in 2 regions in theUK

This study investigated the periodontal referral patterns of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Northern Ireland (NI) and North West England (NWE). A questionnaire dealing with periodontal referral was sent to all 520 GDPs registered in NI and to 274 GDPs in NWE. A usable return was made by 355 (68%) in NI and 189 (70%) in NWE. The NI dentists made significantly more periodontal referrals (median 5, range 0-80) in the year preceding the survey than those in NWE (median 2, range 0-50), p<0.001. Distance was the only factor significantly related to the referral rate in both regions with those who practised more than 25 miles from a specialist referring significantly fewer patients in both regions. In NI, there was a trend towards increased periodontal referral by GDPs who had attended more postgraduate courses; however, in NWE, this was not the case. The GDPs in NWE were significantly less likely than those in NI to refer patients with medical conditions. It is concluded that there is considerable variation in periodontal referral both within and between the 2 regions studied. It is further concluded that in many cases, non-disease factors, such as the accessibility of the specialist service, have powerful effects on the decisions made by dentists and patients in these regions (NI and NWE) in relation to periodontal referral. Much of the variance in referral in North West England, as in Northern Ireland, remains unexplained.     

Trends in socioeconomic disparities in oral health in Brazil and Sweden

Celeste RK, Nadanovsky P, Fritzell J. Trends in socioeconomic disparities in oral health in Brazil and Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 204–212. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objectives: To describe the dynamics of trends in socioeconomic disparities in oral health in Brazil and Sweden among adults, to assess whether trends follow expected patterns according to the inverse equity hypothesis. Methods: In Sweden, we obtained nationally representative data for the years 1968, 1974, 1981, 1991 and 2000, and in Brazil, for 16 state capitals in 1986 and in 2002. Trends in the prevalence of ‘edentulism’ and of ‘teeth in good conditions’ were described in two groups aged 35–44 with lower and higher economic standards, respectively. Results: There was an annual decline in disparities in ‘edentulism’ of 0.4 percentage points (pp) (95% CI = 0.2–0.7) in Brazil and 0.7pp (95% CI = 0.5–0.9) in Sweden, as a result of improvements in both income groups. Concerning ‘teeth in good conditions’, in Brazil, there was improvement only in the higher income group and absolute disparities have increased (0.5pp annually), while in Sweden, there was a nonsignificant decrease (0.3pp annually) with improvements in both groups. Since 1991 in Sweden and in 2002 in Brazil, our measures of socioeconomic disparities in ‘edentulism’ were not statistically significant. Trends did not differ by sex or dental visit. Conclusions: Despite improvements in both income groups and a decrease in disparities in ‘edentulism’, the poorer group in Brazil has seen no improvement in ‘teeth in good conditions’ and disparities have increased. It appears that Brazil and Sweden reflect different stages of trend for ‘teeth in good conditions’ and the same stages for ‘edentulism’, represented by the inverse equity hypothesis.     

Fluorosis in relation to fluoride levels in water in central Nigeria

Abstract– Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in relation to fluoride levels in water among children aged 12–15 years in the states of Plateau and Bauchi, Nigeria. Methods : Children ( N =203) were examined using WHO criteria. The children were from two schools and permanent residents of the communities in which the schools are located (Tilden Fulani and Kanadap). Intra-examiner reliability for determining fluorosis scores was 80%. Results : Fluoride levels in the water ranged from 0.0–0.4 mg/L. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in the sample was 51%. Forty-one percent had very mild fluorosis, 7% had mild fluorosis and 3% had moderate to severe fluorosis. The lowest DMFT was observed in the school where the fluoride level of the water ranged between 0.0 and 0.4 mg/L, and in the group with very mild fluorosis. Conclusion : Fluoride levels in water for central Nigeria were appropriate for oral health. In the areas where the children were permanent residents, factors other than the fluoride levels of the water contributed to the severity of dental fluorosis.     

Trends in endodontic claims in Italy

According to the scant data available in the literature, endodontic claims are common among dental professional liability cases and the second most common type of claim. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of endodontic claims in Italy and the most frequently disputed errors, and the discussion below includes consideration of ethical and medico‐legal aspects thereof. We retrospectively analysed 120 technical reports written on cases of professional malpractice in endodontics in the last 5 years. The complainant patients were males in 22.5% of the cases, while females made up the remaining 77.5%. In the dentist sample, male operators were more often involved in litigation cases (80%) than female operators. The most frequently claimed technical errors were: lack of a complete filling of root canal/s (71.7%), the perforation of tooth structure (12.7%), extrusion of sealing materials beyond the apex of the tooth (9.6%) and the fracture of an endodontic instrument (5.9%). In 1.7% of cases it was found that the expert did not make any errors performing the endodontic therapy. In only very few cases (2.7%) no therapy was considered necessary, while the most common therapeutic solution involved in endodontic misconduct was tooth extraction (53.0%). In many cases the dentist preferred to extract the endodontically undertreated tooth and substitute it prosthetically rather than trying to re‐treat it. The discrepancy between the total number of cases examined and those that eventually go to court leads us to believe that the majority of endodontic malpractice cases are resolved in out‐of‐court settlements.     

Human Herpesviridae in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in children in Nigeria

Herpesviruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. The present study investigated whether herpeasviruses are present in the lesions of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Sixty-two Nigerian children, aged 3–14 years, were studied. Twenty-two children had acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and were also malnourished, 20 exhibited no acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but were malnourished, and 20 were free of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and in a good nutritional state. Polymerase chain reaction methods were used to determine the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus type 1 and type 2 (EBV-1, EBV-2), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in crevicular fluid specimens collected by paper points. Of the 22 acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients, 15 (68%) revealed viral infection and 8 (36%) viral coinfection. Thirteen (59%) acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients demonstrated HCMV, 6 (27%) EBV-1, 5 (23%) HSV and 1 (5%) HHV-6. Only 2 (10%) subjects from each group not affected by acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis showed viral presence, and no control subject revealed viral coinfection. These findings suggest that HCMV and possibly other herpesviruses contribute to the onset and/or progression of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in malnourished Nigerian children.     

Changes in caries prevalence in Japan

In Japan, the mean DMFT at 12 years of age increased from 2.8 in 1957 to 5.9 in 1975. From the 1981 survey (DMFT=5.43), conversely, the mean DMFT decreased and reached 3.64 in 1993. The increase in caries prevalence can, without doubt, be explained by an increment of sugar consumption, since the intake of sugar increased after World War II and exceeded 18.25 kg/year (50 g/day) in 1965 and reached a maximum value (29.3 kg/year) in 1973 in Japan. On the other hand, the reason why the DMFT has decreased since 1981 is not clear. In many industrialized countries, a caries reduction has been achieved with acceptable fluoride exposure, although sugar consumption was still at a high level. However, fluoride usage was still limited during the last 2 decades in Japan. There is no community where fluoridated drinking water has been supplied since 1972. Fluoride tablet use was also discontinued for children in the 1970s. Fluoride mouthrinsing programs were available for only 19r of school children in 1992. Moreover, the market share of fluoridated dentifrices stayed at 10% until 1986 and became 30% only in 1988. An excellent correlation (r=0.91; P 0.01) is observed between the DMFT in 12-year-olds and per capita sugar consumption per year between 1957 and 1987 in Japan.     

Advances in local anesthesia in dentistry

Local pain management is the most critical aspect of patient care in dentistry. The improvements in agents and techniques for local anesthesia are probably the most significant advances that have occurred in dental science. This article provides an update on the most recently introduced local anesthetic agents along with new technologies used to deliver local anesthetics. Safety devices are also discussed, along with an innovative method for reducing the annoying numbness of the lip and tongue following local anesthesia.     

Localization of SOST/sclerostin in cementocytes in vivo and in mineralizing periodontal ligament cells in vitro

Jäger A, Götz W, Lossdörfer S, Rath‐Deschner B. Localization of SOST/sclerostin in cementocytes in vivo and in mineralizing periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Periodont Res 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0765.2009.01227.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Cementum and bone are rather similar hard tissues, and osteocytes and cementocytes, together with their canalicular network, share many morphological and cell biological characteristics. However, there is no clear evidence that cementocytes have a function in tissue homeostasis of cementum comparable to that of osteocytes in bone. Recent studies have established an important role for the secreted glycoprotein sclerostin, the product of the SOST gene, as an osteocyte‐derived signal to control bone remodelling. In this study, we investigated the expression of sclerostin in cementocytes in vivo as well as the expression of SOST and sclerostin in periodontal ligament cell cultures following induction of mineralization. Material and Method: Immunolocalization of sclerostin was performed in decalcified histological sections of mouse and human teeth and alveolar bone. Additionally, periodontal ligament cells from human donors were cultured in osteogenic conditions, namely in the presence of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β‐glycerophosphate, for up to 3 wk. The induction of calcified nodules was visualized by von Kossa stain. SOST mRNA was detected by real‐time PCR, and the presence of sclerostin was verified using immunohistochemistry and western blots. Results: Expression of sclerostin was demonstrated in osteocytes of mouse and human alveolar bone. Distinct immunolocalization in the cementocytes was shown. In periodontal ligament cultures, following mineralization treatment, increasing levels of SOST mRNA as well as of sclerostin protein could be verified. Conclusion: The identification of SOST/sclerostin in cementocytes and mineralizing periodontal ligament cells adds to our understanding of the biology of the periodontium, but the functional meaning of these findings can only be unravelled after additional in vitro and in vivo studies.