甘肃省居民高血压前期检出率及影响因素

目的分析甘肃省35岁以上居民高血压前期的检出情况及影响因素。方法 2004～2007年,采用随机、分层、多阶段抽样的方法,对甘肃省86个县常住居民进行问卷调查、体格测量及心血管的健康检查。结果共调查6 672人(男性3 003人,女性3 669人),正常血压1 942名;高血压前期2 251名;高血压2 479名。高血压前期检出率为33.7%,男性高血压前期检出率35.9%高于女性32.0%(P<0.01);随年龄增长男女性高血压前期检出率均降低。正常血压组、高血压前期组、高血压组两两比较,在性别、城乡、年龄、心率、BMI、腰臀比(WHR)、收缩压、舒张压、血液黏度存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。向心性肥胖组中各年龄组女性高血压前期检出率均高于男性,45～岁组以后男女性高血压前期检出率差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。超重肥胖组中45～54岁组男、女性高血压前期检出率差异有显著意义(P<0.01),且总体中女性高血压前期检出率(40.8%)高于男性(35.5%)(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄(OR:1.019,95%CI:1.012～1.026)、心率(1.015,1.009～1.021)、向心性肥胖(1.221,1.061～1.405)、城乡(1.325,1.140～1.541)、性别(1.479,1.289～1.697)、民族(1.418,1.043～1.927)、超重(2.080,1.515～2.855)、肥胖(3.484,2.260～5.369)各因素与高血压前期存在显著相关。结论甘肃省35岁以上人群高血压前期检出率较高,主要的影响因素有向心性肥胖、超重和肥胖,且女性高血压前期与这些因素关联性更大。     

佳木斯郊区老年脑卒中高危人群危险因素分析

目的分析佳木斯郊区老年脑卒中高危人群的危险因素特点。方法采用整群抽样方法对60岁及以上1 735名常住居民进行病史采集、实验室检查及体格检查,分析老年脑卒中高危人群危险因素特点。结果本研究共筛选出老年脑卒中高危人群504名,检出率为29.1%;其中男性占51.4%,女性占48.6%。危险因素检出率:高血压为91.7%,血脂异常为77.4%,高同型半胱氨酸血症为86.9%,明显超重或肥胖(体质指数≥26 kg/m~2)为53.8%,缺乏运动为54.4%,吸烟为37.3%,家族史为30.8%,糖尿病为26.2%,心房颤动为1.6%。脑卒中人群老年男性同型半胱氨酸水平、舒张压及吸烟人数高于老年女性(P0.05),老年女性三酰甘油和总胆固醇高于老年男性(P0.05)。老年男性血脂异常和吸烟史比例高于老年女性(P0.05)。结论老年脑卒中高危人群的危险因素检出率较高;不同性别吸烟、同型半胱氨酸、舒张压、血清总胆固醇和三酰甘油等比较均存在差异。     

静息心率与踝臂血压指数的关系

目的探讨静息心率与踝臂血压指数(ABI)的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法,从参加了2006-2007年唐山开滦集团健康体检的职工101 510人中以随机分层抽样方法抽取5852人,根据纳入排除标准,最终纳入统计的为4778人,进行统一问卷调查和血液生化检查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析静息心率对ABI的影响。结果静息心率四分位组(≤63,63~≤70,70~≤76,76次/min)平均ABI分别为1.11±0.10,1.09±0.09,1.08±0.10,1.06±0.10(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,在校正了性别、年龄、空腹血糖、体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、吸烟、经常锻炼和饮酒后,静息心率与ABI呈负相关。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,在校正了性别、年龄、空腹血糖、BMI、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、HDL-C、hsCRP、吸烟、经常锻炼和饮酒之后,与静息心率≤63次/min组相比,静息心率70~≤76和76次/min组发生ABI≤0.9的风险增加[OR值分别为1.99(95%CI 1.23~3.24)和2.86(1.82~4.50)]。结论静息心率升高是ABI≤0.9的独立危险因素。     

开滦研究年龄≤50岁人群早期血管衰老检出率及影响因素

目的探究开滦研究人群中早期血管衰老检出率及影响因素。方法选取开滦队列中年龄≤50岁、既往无心脑血管病病史且在2010-2016年度完成首次踝臂动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)检测者21 952例为观察人群,选取观察人群中无高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、体质量指数≤25 kg/m~2及不吸烟者1 813人为"健康人群",计算不同年龄层中"健康人群"baPWV均值+2倍标准差,作为每个年龄层中早期血管衰老的参考值。计算研究人群中早期血管衰老的检出率。采用逐步后退法多因素Logistic回归模型分析不同年龄层人群和不同性别人群中早期血管衰老的影响因素。结果在总人群中,早期血管衰老检出率为15.0%,其中年龄30岁人群为12.9%,30～40岁人群为14.8%,40～50岁人群为15.6%。在总人群中,年龄增加、男性、静息心率升高、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)升高、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病是早期血管衰老的影响因素,其OR值(95%CI)分别为1.02(1.01～1.03),2.51(2.10～3.00),1.04(1.03～1.04),1.09(1.05～1.13),1.11(1.04～1.20),1.05(1.00～1.11),3.55(3.13～4.03),1.69(1.38～2.08)。女性人群中,妊娠期高血压患者早期血管衰老的发生风险是正常血压者的4.27倍(95%CI 1.34～13.53)。结论年龄≤50岁人群早期血管衰老检出率为15.0%,其影响因素包括增龄、男性、静息心率升高、hsCRP升高、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病;女性人群中,妊娠期高血压是早期血管衰老的影响因素。     

成都市社区居民血压分层调查及动脉粥样硬化性心血管病风险评估

目的了解2017年成都市社区居民正常高值血压的流行病学特征,心血管病危险因素及动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(ASCVD)风险现状。方法采用整群随机抽样对成都市6个社区调查点年龄≥18岁常住居民5 022人进行调查。对所有调查对象进行问卷调查、体格检查(测量血压、心率、腰围)和血液生化检查(血糖、血脂、尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮等)。参照《中国心血管病预防指南(2017)》中ASCVD风险评估方案进行ASCVD风险评估。结果完成有效调查问卷的社区居民4 894人,其中,高血压患者2 430例,高血压患病率为49.7%,标化患病率为27.3%,正常高值血压检出率为23.3%,标化后为27.4%。正常高值血压检出率从年龄40～50岁组达到高峰后呈现下降趋势。和正常血压人群相比,正常高值血压人群年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、心率、尿素氮、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿酸水平及男性、高血压家族史、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒比例较高。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄[OR(95%CI),1.013(1.004～1.021)]、男性[1.424(1.107～1.831)]、高血压家族史[2.390(1.563～3.656)]、BMI[1.099(1.012～1.195)]是正常高值血压发生的影响因素。ASCVD风险评估显示,高危人群比例随血压分级增高而增高(正常血压13.5%比正常高值血压15.2%比高血压39.5%,P0.001),女性高危人群比例较男性低(22.3%比33.0%,P0.001)。正常高值血压人群中,血压水平130～139/85～89 mm Hg者高危患者比例高于120～129/80～84 mm Hg者(16.6%比13.1%,P0.001)。结论成都市社区居民正常高值血压检出率高,存在多种代谢异常,ASCVD风险增高。     

德惠市高血压前期流行病学现状及相关危险因素

目的探讨德惠市高血压前期的流行现状及危险因素。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,从德惠市51个街道居委会中随机抽选11个,308个村中随机抽取9个,共选取3 778例研究对象行统计学分析。分析高血压前期检出率,采用Logistic回归分析对高血压前期的相关危险因素进行分析。结果德惠市成年居民高血压前期检出率为39.9%,男性检出率为40.7%,女性检出率为32.2%。高血压前期的检出率随年龄的增加呈现下降趋势。农村高血压前期检出率高于城市。超重人群高血压前期检出率高于低体重、正常体重及肥胖人群高血压前期检出率。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示年龄、男性、BMI、农村人口均为高血压前期的独立危险因素。结论德惠市成年居民高血压前期的检出率为39.9%,男性高于女性,农村高于城市,青壮年及超重人群最高。     

长春市中老年人群正常高值血压及高血压的状况及其影响因素

目的调查长春市中老年人群正常高值血压、高血压的状况及其影响因素。方法多阶段分层随机整群抽取长春市45岁以上的常住居民1 637人,进行问卷调查、血压测量和血液生化检测。应用Logistic回归分析方法分析该人群正常高值血压及高血压的危险因素。结果 2013年长春市中老年人群的正常高值血压检出率为35.25%,高血压检出率为56.02%。经Logistic回归分析,男性、超重、高脂血症是正常高值血压的危险因素,男性、饮酒、高脂血症、腹型肥胖、超重/肥胖、年龄是高血压的危险因素。结论长春市中老年人群的正常高值血压检出率和高血压检出率较高,应提高对正常高值血压的预防意识,加强对高血压的防范,改善生活方式。     

广西壮族与汉族成年人高血压流行现状及影响因素

目的调查广西壮族与汉族成年人高血压的流行现状并探讨其影响因素。方法选取广西壮族自治区人民医院体检中心2018年1～5月的4 166例体检数据,分别计算壮族和汉族的高血压患病率,并针对不同性别、年龄进行分组比较,采用多因素Logistic回归分析进行高血压的相关因素分析。结果壮族和汉族人群高血压总患病率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同年龄段比较,45～54岁壮族高于汉族(P<0.001);不同性别、不同年龄段比较,45～54岁壮族男女性高血压患病率均高于同年龄段的汉族男女性(P<0.05)。男性、腹型肥胖、高总胆固醇、高三酰甘油、年龄45～90岁、超重和肥胖、空腹血糖受损及糖尿病是高血压发生的独立危险因素,低体重是其保护性因素。结论广西壮族及汉族成年人高血压患病率居于全国中等水平,两族患病率差异主要体现在45～54岁年龄段。     

尿酸与高血压前期的关系

背景 高尿酸血症常见于高血压患者,且已有实验和临床研究表明尿酸与原发性高血压的发病有关,但对于血清尿酸水平和高血压前期的关系报道,相对较少.目的 研究不同尿酸水平和高血压前期的关系.方法 采用整群抽样的方式于2005～2006年间在全国9省市选取有代表性的城市,农村社区进行横断面调查.从中选取了7839名非患高血压和其他心血管疾病的人群,并根据尿酸的四分位数将该人群分成4组(<209、209～262、262～324、>324μmol/L),同时为了进一步分析不同性别下尿酸和高血压前期的关系,根据不同性别下尿酸的四分位数将人群分成不同的组别:男性(<250、250～306、306～366、>366μmol/L);女性(<193、193～236、236～285、>285μmol/L).利用多元logistic回归方法分析尿酸水平与发生高血压前期的之间的关系.结果 不同尿酸水平下,患有高血压前期的发生率是不同的,且随着尿酸水平的升高而逐渐增加(P<0.01),同样的趋势也出现在女性人群中(P=0.04),但男性未见显著趋势(P=0.66);相关分析发现无论男性还是女性,尿酸与舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、肌酐,体质量指数(BMI),三酰甘油(TG).总胆固醇(TC)均呈强正相关(P<0.01);Logistic多元回归分析发现,在调整了年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、肌酐、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),TG,TC,FPG,BMI等危险因素后,尿酸的最高四分位组患高血压前期的危险是尿酸最低四分位组的1.3倍(95%CI,1.1～1.5,P=0.04),且患高血压前期的危险随着尿酸水平的增加而增加(P=0.03).结论 非患高血压和其他心血管疾病的人群中,尿酸水平的升高可能与高血压前期发生率的增加有关,且这种作用独立于其他多重危险因素.     

血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶与多种代谢异常及其聚集的相关性

目的:分析延边地区朝鲜族和汉族男性血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(glutamyl transferase,GGT)与多种代谢异常及其聚集的相关性.方法:于2009-07/2010-07在延边地区安图县采取整群抽样方法选取30-70岁朝鲜族和汉族男性人群3416例,收集一般特征、吸烟、饮酒等信息,测量身高、体质量、腰围、血压,准确测定清晨空腹(禁食12h)静脉血GGT、血脂及血糖.结果:(1)朝鲜族和汉族男性GGT升高者的检出率分别为26.1%和13.9%(x2=49.004,P<0.01),其年龄调整检出率分别为27.2%和13.8%(U=77.011,P<0.01);(2)单因素分析显示,朝鲜族男性的年龄、饮酒、高血压、高TC血症、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症、整体型肥胖、腹型肥胖及MS与GGT升高有关联,汉族男性的文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、高TC血症、高TG血症、腹型肥胖及MS与GGT升高有关联;(3)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,本地区男性的年龄、饮酒、高血压、腹型肥胖、高TC血症、高TG血症、MS和民族(朝鲜族)与GGT升高呈正相关,其中年龄和饮酒频率对GGT升高的影响具有剂量反应关系;(4)朝鲜族与汉族男性GGT升高者检出率均随着多种代谢异常聚集程度的增加呈增加趋势,其增加趋势有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:(1)本地区朝鲜族男性GGT升高检出率明显高于汉族;(2)本地区男性GGT升高与多种代谢异常及其聚集密切相关,且随着多种代谢异常聚集程度的增加呈增加趋势.     

Association of adiposity indices with prehypertension among Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study

The association of adiposity indices with prehypertension remains unclear in the Chinese non-hypertensive population. This study aimed to compare the association of adiposity indices, including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), and conicity index (CI), and prehypertension in the Chinese population. We recruited 61 475 participants from a population-based screening project in Guangdong province, China. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to detect the association between the six adiposity indices and prehypertension. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive values of adiposity indices to prehypertension. The individuals were divided into two categories by blood pressure (BP) levels: normotension (<120/80 mmHg) and prehypertension (120–139/80–89 mmHg). A total of 33 233 people had prehypertension, with a prevalence of 54.04% and 42% males. Both logistics regression models presented a positive association between each adiposity index and prehypertension (p < .05), except for ABSI. The body mass index (BMI) was slightly more correlated with prehypertension than any other index. The standardized ORs for the six indices were 1.392, 1.361, 1.406, 1.039, 1.372, and 1.151, respectively. Compared to other adiposity indices, the WC had a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) for predicting prehypertension (AUC: .619, sensitivity: 57%, specificity: 60.6%). In conclusion, WC and BMI might be the best indicators for prehypertension. Increasing evidence supports avoiding obesity as a preferred primary prevention strategy for prehypertension while controlling other major hypertension risk factors.     

Risk factors for prehypertension in the community: A prospective analysis from the Western New York Health Study

Background and AimPrehypertension is an increasingly highly prevalent condition in the general population, and is associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke. However, evidence from population-based studies of the risk factors for prehypertension is scant. We sought to examine the predictors of progression from normotension to prehypertension in a community-based population from Western New York.Methods and ResultsA longitudinal analysis, over 6 years of follow-up, among 569 men and women (mean age 51.8 years) who were free of prehypertension, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes at the baseline examination, in the Western New York Health Study (WNYHS). Incident prehypertension at follow-up was defined as systolic blood pressure of 120–139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80–89 mm Hg.The cumulative six year incidence of prehypertension was 33.5% (189/564). In bivariate analyses, there were several correlates of incident prehypertension, including age, BMI and waist circumference, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), uric acid, and baseline blood pressure levels. After multivariate adjustment, IFG at baseline [odds ratio (OR): 1.70, 95% CI: 1.07–2.69) and weight gain since age 25 (OR: 1.12, 1.04–1.21 per 10 lb increase)] were the strongest significant predictors of prehypertension at follow-up. Neither baseline waist circumference nor change in BMI were predictor variables in models when they were substituted for weight gain.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest early dysregulation of glucose metabolism and weight gain over the lifespan may represent important risk factors for prehypertension in the general population.     

Racial/ethnic differences in prehypertension in American adults: population and relative attributable risks of abdominal obesity

To estimate the risk and population attributable risk of prehypertension that is due to abdominal obesity in White, Black and Hispanic American adults. To determine how much of the relative difference in the risk of prehypertension between high-risk Blacks and Hispanics and the low-risk group Whites that is attributable to their differences in abdominal obesity. Data (n=4016) from the 1999 to 2000 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used in this study. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference >/=102 and >/=88 cm in men and women, respectively. Prehypertension was defined as not being on antihypertensive medication and having systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg. Odds ratio from the logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of prehypertension that was due to abdominal obesity. To estimate prehypertension risk differences between low-risk Whites and high-risk Blacks and Hispanics that was due to abdominal obesity, we estimated relative attributable risk. Statistical adjustments were made for age, blood glucose, total cholesterol, current smoking and exercise. Abdominal obesity was associated with increased odds of prehypertension in Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. In men, abdominal obesity was associated with 44, 90 and 98% increased odds of prehypertension in Whites, Blacks and Hispanics, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 112, 198 and 104%. Proportions of risk of prehypertension explained by abdominal obesity were 15.2, 22 and 25.8% in White men, Black men and Hispanic men, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 38.8, 58.6 and 32.5%. Approximately, 7% of the differences in the risk of developing prehypertension between White and Black men and between White and Hispanic men may be attributable to differences in rates of abdominal obesity. The analogous values for women were approximately 39.7 and approximately 16.5%, respectively. In conclusion, despite having lower rates of abdominal obesity than their counterparts, Black men, Hispanic men and Hispanic women had high population attributable risks, indicating that factors other than abdominal obesity may have important explanatory power for racial differences in prehypertension in these groups. However, in Black women reduction in risk of prehypertension could be possible by instituting public health measures to reduce abdominal obesity to the levels seen in White women. Intervention programmes designed to reduce overall obesity may also lead to reduction of abdominal obesity, and consequently may curb prehypertension in these population groups. Life-style modification, including diet and exercise, may have public health significance in reducing the incidence of prehypertension in these populations.     

新疆维吾尔自治区汉、维吾尔和哈萨克族人群正常血压和高血压前期状况分析

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔自治区汉、维吾尔和哈萨克族35岁及以上成年人正常血压和高血压前期分布状况,高血压前期的患病率及其危险因素.方法 采用整群随机抽样法,对新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、阜康市、吐鲁番地区、和田地区、阿勒泰地区、伊犁哈萨克自治州7个市及地区汉、维吾尔和哈萨克族35岁及以上成年人进行血压和危险因素情况的横断面调查.结果 共随机抽取新疆维吾尔自治区汉、维吾尔和哈萨克族35岁以上人群16 460名,实际完成调查的人数共14 618名.正常血压占24.90%;高血压前期患病率标准化后为34.24%,其中汉族为37.34%,维吾尔族为32.95%,哈萨克族为30.62%.男性高血压前期患病率高于女性(35.58%比31.53%,P<0.01).45岁及以上男性和女性汉族和维吾尔族人群高血压前期患病率均随年龄增长而呈降低趋势,35岁及以上男性和女性哈萨克族人群高血压前期患病率随年龄增长而呈降低趋势(P均<0.05).多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,甘油三酯≥1.7 mmol/L、年龄≥45岁、空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L和体质指数≥24.0 kg/m2是高血压前期的危险因素,女性是高血压前期的保护因素.结论 新疆维吾尔自治区35岁及以上汉、维吾尔和哈萨克族人群中正常血压者较少,而高血压前期的患病率较高,并与多种危险因素相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the situation of normal blood pressure and prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Methods Random samples were used to analyze the incidence of normal blood pressure and prehypertension in 3 nationalities based on data from Han, Uygur and Hazakh residents living in 7 areas (Urumqi,Ke lamayi, Fukang, the Turfan Basin locality, Hetian locality, Altay locality,and Yili Hazakh autonomous prefecture) in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Results A total of 16 460 subjects were selected with cluster sampling, and eligible data of 14 618 subjects were actually analyzed in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Incidence of normal blood pressure was 24.9% and the prevalence of prehypertension was 34.24% (35.6% fro male and 31.5% for female, P<0.01) in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.The prevalence of prehypertension was 37.34%, 32.95% and 30.62% in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in Han and Uygur population ≥45 years old, and in Hazakh population≥35 years old (all P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertriglyceridemia≥1.7 mmol/L, age≥45 years old, fasting plasma glucose≥7.0 mmol/L and body mass index≥24.0 kg/m2 were risk factors while the female was a protective factor of prehypertension. Conclusion The people with normal blood pressure is few and the prevalence of prehypertension is high in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and it is associated with many risk factors.     

Risk factors for prehypertension in Xinjiang Uygur population

Objective To assess the risk factors for prehypertension in Xinjiang Uygur population. Methods A cross-section study was conducted in a Xinjiang Uygur population（438 males and 716 females,aged 30 to 70 years）.The fasting lipid profiles,serum glucose,insulin,and uric acid were determined.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR）index was used to assess insulin resistance（IR）.Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for prehypertension.Blood pressure levels ofnormotensives and prehypertensives in different body mass index（BMI）categories were compared. Results Binary logistic regression analysis performed after adjustment for gender,lipids profiles,waist-to-hip ratio,uric acid,HOMA-IR,and lifestyle（alcohol drinking and smoking）showed a significantly increasing prevalence of prehypertension with BMI.The odds ratios for prehypertension against the lowest BMI group（separated by 24 and 28）were 1.934 and 2.490（95% confidence interval：1.435-2.606 and 1.825-3.399,respectively）.Age was independently correlated to the increasing prevalence of prehypertension.HOMA-IR was not associated with prehypertensive.The mean diastolic blood pressure（DBP）was significantly increased with BMI categories in either normotensives or prehypertensives（P〈0.001）while the mean systolic blood pressure（SBP）was significantly increased with BMI only in normotensives（P〈0.001）. Conclusions In Xinjiang Uygurs,BMI and age was the risk factors for prehypertension.DBP is significantly increased with BMI.IR is not associated with prehypertension.These findings emphasize the importance of management of obesity for the control of blood pressure and other cardiovascular complications.     

Prevalence and determinants of prehypertension status in the Taiwanese general population

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of prehypertension and to compare the differences in demographic factors, anthropometric measurements, lifestyles and metabolic profiles between normotensive and prehypertensive individuals. DESIGN: Data were based on the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT), a cross-sectional survey that adopted a multi-stage, stratified clustering sampling scheme. The data collection period was from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 1996. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data previously collected. Data from 1039 men and 1186 women, aged 18-96 years, were analyzed. RESULTS: Approximately 34% of Taiwanese adults had prehypertension. The prevalence rate of prehypertension was higher among men (36%) than women (32%). In univariable logistic analysis, sex, age group, age, waist-hip ratio (WHR) group, body mass index (BMI) group, waist circumference, blood sugar, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), cholesterol/HDL and smoking status were significantly associated with prehypertension status. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.014, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.004-1.0249] and BMI (OR = 1.106, 95% CI = 1.051-1.165) were the determinants of prehypertension status in men. For women, age (OR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.022-1.044), waist circumference (OR = 1.031, 95% CI = 1.012-1.051) and triglyceride (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.000-1.005) were the determinants of prehypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the importance of general obesity and central obesity as risk factors for prehypertension in the Taiwanese adult population. These two indices of obesity have different impacts on men and women.     

Prehypertension in Rural Northeastern China: Results From the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study

This study aimed to determine the present status of prehypertension in rural China. It was conducted between January and August 2013, using a multistage clustering method to select a representative sample of individuals (≥35 years old), resulting in a study population of 11,576 adults. Prehypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) in the range of 120 mm Hg to 139 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP between 80 mm Hg and 89 mm Hg according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). The results showed that the mean±standard deviation systolic and diastolic BP values for the entire population were 141.8±23.5 mm Hg and 82.1±11.8 mm Hg, respectively. Among the whole population, 35.1% of men and 32.5% of women were prehypertensive. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high body mass index, advanced age, alcohol consumption, diabetes, high triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and elevated diet score were risk factors for prehypertension. This study indicates that there is a high prevalence of prehypertension in rural China and confirms the importance of healthy lifestyles—including the control of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia—to decrease the incidence of prehypertension.     

The prevalence and heterogeneity of prehypertension: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of published literature worldwide

Objective

Prehypertension appears to be a precursor of hypertension and has been recognised as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recognition of prehypertension provides important opportunities for preventing hypertension and CVD. We aimed to investigate the world-wide prevalence and heterogeneity of prehypertension.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies worldwide that reported the prevalence of prehypertension. We searched for publications between January 1966 and November 2010, using PubMed, Ovid and the Cochrane Library, with the keyword ‘prehypertension’, supplemented by a manual search of references from recent reviews and relevant published original studies. Pooled prevalence of prehypertension was calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was investigated by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Twenty-two articles met our inclusion criteria, with a total sample of 242 322 individuals.

Results

The overall pooled prevalence of prehypertension was 38%. Significant heterogeneity across estimates of prevalence was observed (p = 0.000, I² = 99.9%). The prevalence rose as the sample size increased, and was higher among men than women (41 vs 34%). The non-Asian population was more likely to be prehypertensive than Asian individuals (42 vs 36%). A high prevalence of 47% was observed among the black African population in the non-Asian subgroup. The inception year of the surveys was the only source of heterogeneity we found by meta-regressional analysis (p = 0.06).

Conclusion

These results indicate that the prevalence of prehypertension was relatively high, particularly among males. Although more attention has been paid to this segment of the population since 2003, additional practical and reasonable steps should be taken to prevent and treat prehypertension.     

Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in a Korean population: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, and their association with the risk factors in a Korean population. DESIGN: The Korean Nation Health and Nutrition Survey 2001, a cross-sectional survey, was a nationally representative survey in which a stratified multistage sampling design was used. METHODS: Data from a comprehensive questionnaire, together with a physical examination and blood sample, were obtained from 6074 Korean adults (2620 men and 3454 women) aged > or = 20 years, and analysed. RESULTS: The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 22.9% (26.9% in men, 20.5% in women) and 31.6% (41.9% in men, 25.9% in women), respectively, in the Korean population according to Joint National Committee 7 criteria. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, total-cholesterol and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with hypertension. Overall, only 30.2% of the hypertensive individuals had been previously diagnosed. Furthermore, 22.9% of the hypertensive individuals were being treated with antihypertensive medication, but only 10.7% had their blood pressure adequately controlled. The rates of awareness, treatment and control were higher for the women than for the men, and these rates increased with age. CONCLUSION: Hypertension and prehypertension are common in Korea, and more than one-half of the hypertensive patients have not been diagnosed. These results place great emphasis on the urgent need for a public health program to improve the detection, prevention and treatment of hypertension and prehypertension.     

Prehypertension in a Mexican Population: Influence of Age,Gender, and Body Fat

We studied the association of age, gender, and distribution of body fat with prehypertension in a sample of Mexican adults. This study was performed in a sample of 900 adults (275 men and 625 women), with the median age of 42 years. Resting blood pressure was measured in duplicate, and prehypertension and hypertension were defined according to JNC 7 criteria. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in our population was 11.56% and 26.5%, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension was significantly higher in men than in women. Prehypertension was associated with middle and old age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6 and 2.4, respectively, P < .001), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.3, P = .008), upper quintiles of body mass index (OR = 2.05, P = .005), waist (OR = 1.97, P = .01) and hip (OR = 2.04, P = .005) circumferences, and body fat (OR = 2.37, P = .001). The main factors associated with the development of prehypertension are age, central obesity, and body fat.