诱导化疗序贯同期化放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌

  目的  比较诱导化疗加同期化放疗(IC/CCRT)与单纯同期化放疗(CCRT)在治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌中的近期疗效及不良反应的发生率。  方法  2003年9月至2006年5月广西百色市人民医院肿瘤科接受治疗的200例鼻咽癌患者随机分为诱导化疗加同期化放疗组(IC/CCRT)和单纯同期化放疗组(CCRT)。两组患者接受相同的同期化放疗方案: 在放疗的第7、28、49天接受卡铂(AUC=6)化疗, 诱导化疗加同期放化疗组在同期化放疗前接受了诱导化疗: 2个疗程5-FU(750 mg/m2)+卡铂(AUC=6)。  结果  IC/CCRT组与CCRT组Ⅲ、Ⅳ级不良反应的发生率分别为24.5%和17.8%(P < 0.001), 两组3年总生存率分别为83.5%和79.4%(P=0.30), 两组方案的3年无瘤生存率、局部控制率和远处转移控制率比较差异均无统计学意义。  结论  与单纯同期化放疗相比, 诱导化疗加同期化放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌, 患者的总生存率及无复发生存未明显提高, 但不良反应有所增加。      

诱导化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗远期疗效的影响

目的：探讨诱导化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗远期疗效的影响。方法：回顾性分析120例Ⅲ、1Va期鼻咽癌患者按治疗方法分为两组（化放组及单放组）。放疗采用直线加速器照射鼻咽及颈部,鼻咽剂量DT70—76Gy,7—7．5周,颈部剂量DT50—70Gy,5—7周。诱导化疗采用DDP＋5-Fu方案。结果：化放疗组1、3、5年生存率分别为98％、76％、20％;单放组分别为96％、60％、18％,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。化放组远处转移率为20．9％,单放组为41．7％,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：诱导化疗能降低局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗的远处转移率,但没有提高生存率。     

诱导化疗和放疗综合治疗晚期鼻咽癌的前瞻性研究

目的：比较诱导化疗加放疗与单纯放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效。方法：将78例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌随机分为2组，每组39例。治疗组（A组）诱导化疗2个疗程后再行放疗（化疗方案：卡铂300mg/m^2,静脉滴注，第1天；5－Fu 500mg/m^2,静脉滴注，第1－3天；平阳霉素16mg/m^2,静脉滴注，第1天）；对照组（B组）单纯放疗。结果：诱导化疗后鼻咽癌病灶及颈淋巴结有效率（CR＋PR）分别为53．8％（21／39）、72．7％（24／33）。A、B组5年总生存率及无瘤生存率分别为43．6％、40．8％、38．4％、34．0％（P＞0．05）；远处转移率A、B组分别为38．5％；、41．0％；2组远期严重并发症发生率相近。结论：诱导化疗加放疗不能提高晚期鼻咽癌患者的生存率，也不能降低其远处转移率。     

调强放疗结合诱导化疗或同期加辅助化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效比较

目的:比较诱导化疗加调强放疗和同期放化疗加辅助化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效。方法:收集2004年1 月至2008年12月中山大学肿瘤医院收治的经病理证实的局部晚期鼻咽癌240 例,其中采用顺铂+ 5-FU 诱导化疗加调强放疗（诱导组）117 例,采用顺铂、调强放疗同期放化疗加顺铂+ 5-FU 辅助化疗（同期组）123 例。应用Kaplan-Meier 和Log-rank 法计算和比较两组患者的生存率。结果:诱导组和同期组的5 年总生存率、无瘤生存率、无转移生存率、无鼻咽复发生存率和无颈部复发生存率分别为78.0% 和78.7% 、68.9% 和67.5% 、79.0% 和77.0% 、91.6% 和91.0% 、95.3% 和93.7% ,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 同期组Ⅲ、Ⅳ级恶心呕吐和白细胞减少的发生率明显高于诱导组。多因素分析结果显示N 分期和年龄是影响局部晚期鼻咽癌患者总生存的预后独立因素。结论:诱导化疗加调强放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效达到同期放化疗加辅助化疗的水平,远处转移是局部晚期鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因。      

诱导化疗联合三维适形放疗治疗48例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌

[目的]评价诱导化疗加三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT）治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]经病理学或细胞学确诊的78例局部晚期NSCLC患者随机分为单纯3DCRT治疗组（RT组，30例）和诱导化疗与3DCRT联合治疗组（CMT组，48例）。CMT组在3DCRT治疗前给予2～4个周期以铂类药物为主的静脉化疗。[结果]全组中位生存期12．5个月，CMT组中位生存期15个月，RT组中位生存期10个月（P=0．453）。1年生存率CMT组为70．8％，RT组为43．3％（P=0．016）：2年生存率CMT组为37．5％，RT组为26．6％（P=0．323）。两组毒副反应相似，化疗的毒副反应患者能耐受。[结论]诱导化疗加三维适形放疗治疗晚期NSCLC可延长生存期，但并不增加放射副反应。     

诱导化疗加放疗与同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效比较

[目的]比较诱导化疗加放疗与同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效.[方法]收集2007年1月至2009年12月中山大学附属肿瘤医院收治的经病理证实的局部晚期鼻咽癌258例,其中采用顺铂+5-Fu诱导化疗加调强放疗(诱导组)128例,采用顺铂同期放化疗(同期组)130例.应用Kaplan-Meier和Log-rank方法计算和比较两组患者的生存率,应用COX风险回归模型进行预后多因素分析.[结果]诱导组和同期组5年总生存率(83.1％ vs 83.0％)、无瘤生存率(80.9％ vs 79.1％)、无转移生存率(84.9％ vs 83.6％)、无复发生存率(95.0％ vs 92.8％)比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).同期组3、4级恶心呕吐的发生率明显高于诱导组(10％ vs 1.6％,P=0.004),体重下降的平均数也明显大于诱导组(P＜0.001).多因素分析结果显示N分期是影响局部晚期鼻咽癌总生存的独立因素.[结论]诱导化疗加调强放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效与同期放化疗相近,但同期放化疗的消化道反应较重.远处转移是局部晚期鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因.     

化疗加放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的：观察放化综合治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效,方法：110例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者随机分为放疗加化疗组（综合组）和单纯放疗组（单放组）,每组55例,两组放疗方法、时间／剂量分割均相同。综合组放疗前后采用顺铂（cisplatin,DDP) -氟尿嘧啶（5－Florouracil,FU)(PF方案）化疗4－6疗程,DDP20mg.(m^2.d)^-1。静脉滴注,第1－5天,5－FU500mg.(m^2.d)^-1,静脉滴注,第1－5天,每3－4周1疗程,第1程化疗在放疗前1周进行,第2－6程化疗在放疗结束后第1天开始进行。结果：综合组和对照组5年生存率分别为65．5％和34．5％（X^2=10.51,P=0.0012),鼻咽局部控制率分别为69．1％和43．6％（X^2=7.24,P=0.0071),颈淋巴结转移控制率分别为67．3％和45．4％（X^2=5.32,P=0.021),远处转移率分别为21．8％和41．8％(X^2=5.07,P=0.0243);两组比较均有显著差异（P＜0．05）。综合组急性毒性反应较单放组重,但未影响治疗进程,结论：PF方案化疗和尽早开始放疗的交替综合治疗能提高晚期鼻咽的生存率、局部区域控制以及减少远处转移。     

诱导化疗联合三维适形放疗治疗48例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌

[目的]评价诱导化疗加三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT）治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]经病理学或细胞学确诊的78例局部晚期NSCLC患者随机分为单纯3DCRT治疗组（RT组，30例）和诱导化疗与3DCRT联合治疗组（CMT组，48例）。CMT组在3DCRT治疗前给予2～4个周期以铂类药物为主的静脉化疗。[结果]全组中位生存期12．5个月，CMT组中位生存期15个月，RT组中位生存期10个月（P=0．453）。1年生存率CMT组为70．8％，RT组为43．3％（P=0．016）：2年生存率CMT组为37．5％，RT组为26．6％（P=0．323）。两组毒副反应相似，化疗的毒副反应患者能耐受。[结论]诱导化疗加三维适形放疗治疗晚期NSCLC可延长生存期，但并不增加放射副反应。     

N晚期鼻咽癌诱导加同期化放疗与同期化放疗的疗效比较

目的:探讨诱导加同期化放疗及同期化放疗对N晚期鼻咽癌患者的远期临床疗效。方法:选取160例N晚期鼻咽癌患者,分为诱导加同期化放疗组80例(A组)和同期化放疗组80例(B组),两组放疗方法相同。A组在放疗前给予2个周期诱导化疗,DDP 20mg/m2,d1-5,5-FU 500mg/m2,d1-5,21天为1周期。两组均于放疗第1周及放疗第4周给予DDP 20mg/m2,d1-3,5-FU 500mg/m2,d1-3,同期化疗。结果:A组和B组5年总生存率(OS)分别为67.5%和51.3%(P<0.05);5年无进展生存率(PFS)分别为65.0%和48.8%(P<0.05);局部复发率分别为17.5%和22.5%(P>0.05);远处转移率分别为13.8%和27.5%(P<0.05)。结论:诱导加同期化放疗可提高N晚期鼻咽癌患者的5年OS、PFS。     

调强放疗模式下局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗后同期化疗与单纯放疗疗效比较

目的:探讨调强放疗模式下局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗后同期化疗与单纯放疗临床疗效的比较。方法:回顾性分析2010年-2012年期间在本院采用调强放疗技术治疗的局部晚期鼻咽癌,分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的鼻咽癌患者共120例。所有患者都进行过诱导化疗。放疗范围及剂量为鼻咽原发灶、阳性淋巴结的大体肿瘤体积处方剂量为T1、T2期69.96Gy,T3、T4期72~74Gy;亚临床高危区靶体积处方剂量为60~64Gy;淋巴结阴性引流区处方剂量为50~54Gy。分为单纯放疗组60例,同期化疗组60例。同期化疗方案为单药顺铂为基础的方案。主要观察两组的近期疗效、3年无瘤生存率(DFS)、3年无局部区域复发生存率（LRFS）、3年无远处转移生存率（MFS）、3年总生存率（OS）及治疗的毒副反应情况。结果:两组性别、年龄、病理类型及临床分期的构成比均有可比性。两组患者中位随访36个月。治疗结束3个月两组患者的完全缓解率分别为83.3％、80.0％,3年无瘤生存率分别为78.3％、75.0％,3年的无局部区域复发生存率分别为93.3％、90.0％,3年无远处转移生存分别为81.7％、83.3％,3年总生存率分别为88.3％、86.7％,两组统计学无明显差异。同期化疗组急性毒副反应高于单纯放疗组。结论:在调强放疗治疗模式下,局部晚期鼻咽癌同期化疗与单纯放疗相比,患者的3年总生存率及无瘤生存率未能进一步提高,而急性毒副反应增加,同期化疗在调强放疗模式下治疗策略需要行进一步的临床研究。     

Cetuximab in the management of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: Expanding the treatment options?

The treatment of locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has evolved in recent years as a consequence of a better understanding of the potential benefits associated with altered radiation fractionation regimens, concurrently administered chemotherapy and radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) and induction chemotherapy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a treatment option for technically resectable disease, where functional morbidity precludes the use of surgery. Induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy may also be used in this setting, and has been validated for larynx preservation. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment approach for medically fit patients with locoregionally advanced unresectable disease. However, the toxicity burden of additional chemotherapy in both the concurrent chemoradiotherapy and induction chemotherapy settings can have implications for treatment compliance and may impede the administration of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to schedule. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted IgG1 monoclonal antibody, cetuximab (Erbitux®), has shown significant clinical benefits in the treatment of both locoregionally advanced and recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN. A phase III study in locoregionally advanced disease demonstrated significant improvements in locoregional control and progression-free and overall survival with cetuximab plus radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone, and overall survival benefits were maintained at 5 years. The addition of cetuximab to concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been shown to be feasible in phase II trials and is being investigated in phase III trials. Preliminary evidence suggests that cetuximab could be incorporated into induction management strategies. Taken together, these data support an important role for cetuximab in the treatment paradigm for locoregionally advanced SCCHN.     

Chemoradiotherapy regimens for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A Bayesian network meta-analysis

BackgroundConcurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (CRT-A) is often the regimen of choice in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Many alternative regimens have been reported in the literature, however, it is unknown how effective these regimens are compared to each other due to the lack of direct comparisons. Our objective was to perform a network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine the relative survival benefits of these treatments for locoregionally advanced NPC.MethodsWe performed a systematic review following the Cochrane methodology, using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL to identify all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different chemoradiotherapy regimens for locoregionally advanced NPC. Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome of interest, and hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted using the Parmar method. Bayesian NMAs with random effects were conducted using WinBUGS.ResultsTwenty-five RCTs (5576 patients) were included in this review. All together, these trials compared seven different regimens: radiotherapy (RT), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), neoadjuvant followed by CRT (N-CRT), CRT-A, RT-A, N-RT and N-RT-A. All regimens that contained CRT performed significantly better than RT. CRT-A did not improve survival compared to CRT alone (0.98; 95% credible regions: 0.71–1.34). For N-CRT versus CRT, the HR was 1.03 (0.69–1.47). When CRT-A was compared against N-CRT, the resulting HR was 0.96 (0.64–1.48).ConclusionsAdjuvant chemotherapy does not appear to improve survival following CRT. The efficacies of CRT, CRT-A and N-CRT all appeared to be similar. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of additional chemotherapy phases in specific patient subgroups.     

Induction chemotherapy forlocoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The value of adding induction chemotherapy (IC) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. In our recent article entitled “Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial” published in theLancet Oncology, we reported the results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing cisplatin, 5?lfuo?rouracil, and docetaxel (TPF) IC plus CCRT versus CCRT alone in patients with T3?4N1/TxN2?3M0 NPC (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT01245959). The IC?plus?CCRT group showed signiifcantly higher 3?year failure?free survival, overall survival, and distant failure?free survival rates than the CCRT?alone group, with an acceptable toxicity proifle. Our study suggests that adding TPF IC to CCRT could increase survival rates and reduce distant failure in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. However, long?term follow?up is required to assess the eventual effcacy and toxicity of this strategy, and a more accurate method to determine prognosis is needed to enable better tailoring of treatment strategy for individual patients.     

Recent perspectives in the role of chemotherapy in the management of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have transpired into better treatment outcomes for patients with locoregionally advanced NPC, and have broadened the chemotherapeutic options for patients with metastatic disease. METHODS: Data for this review were identified through searches of articles published in PubMed, MEDLINE, and abstracts from selected conference proceedings up to 2004. RESULTS: The results of two meta-analyses and at least six randomized trials supported a survival benefit with the use of concurrent chemotherapy (e.g., platinum, tegafur-uracil [UFT)] and standard fractionated radiotherapy (with or without adjuvant chemotherapy) in the management of patients with locoregionally advanced NPC (nonmetastatic Stage III/IV disease, according to the staging system of the International Union Against Cancer). For those patients with metastatic NPC, platinum-based doublets using newer agents such as gemcitabine and the taxanes are reported to be better tolerated and can yield response rates comparable to those obtained with older, multidrug regimens. CONCLUSIONS: The current study reviewed the latest literature and pertinent issues concerning the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with metastatic and locoregionally advanced NPC.     

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: is intergroup study 0099 feasible in Japanese patients?

BACKGROUND: Since the publication of the significant results of the Intergroup Study 0099 (IGS) in 1998, radical radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard care for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the United States. An update in 2001 further strengthened the findings of the interim analysis, however, no prospective randomized trials other than this study have confirmed the feasibility of this strategy. METHODS: We attempted to adopt the same combined modality treatment for three consecutive Japanese patients with locoregionally advanced NPC to evaluate its toxicity and efficacy. They were planned to receive radical RT concurrently with cisplatin every 3 weeks, and to receive adjuvant chemotherapy thereafter. RESULTS: The hematological toxicities were mild and well tolerated in all three patients; however, they all experienced severe (grade 3 and/or 4) skin reactions, pharyngitis and dysphagia, which led to the discontinuation of the planned chemotherapy. They were able to complete RT without treatment breaks, and all three patients achieved complete response at the end of treatment. However, two experienced recurrences after 8 and 10 months, respectively, and died of their disease. CONCLUSIONS: Due to these severe acute adverse events, poor compliance and unsatisfactory outcomes, we have concluded that physicians should be careful in applying the concurrent chemoradiotherapy protocol employed by the IGS for locoregionally advanced Japanese NPC patients.     

Treatment of Stage IV(A-B) nasopharyngeal carcinoma by induction-concurrent chemoradiotherapy and accelerated fractionation: impact of chemotherapy schemes

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by induction-concurrent chemoradiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1998 and 2003, 75 Stage IV(A-B) NPC patients were treated with 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy with cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (PF) (n = 41) or cisplatin plus gemcitabine (PG) (n = 34), followed by accelerated radiotherapy in concurrence with 2 cycles of cisplatin. In 18 (24%) patients, cisplatin was completely replaced by carboplatin in both concurrent cycles, mainly because of borderline renal functions. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 3.6 years. The 3-year locoregional failure-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival of the whole group were 80%, 68%, and 80% respectively. No significant difference was found between patients treated with either induction regimens. However, patients with only carboplatin in the 2 concurrent cycles had significantly inferior 3-year locoregional failure-free survival (56% vs. 86%, p = 0.014), progression-free survival (39% vs. 72%, p = 0.001), and overall survival (61% vs. 87%, p = 0.046) when compared with the rest of the group. In multivariate analysis, the complete replacement of cisplatin by carboplatin during concurrent chemoradiotherapy was still an independent adverse factor in locoregional failure-free survival (hazard ratio, 3.662; 95% CI, 1.145-11.765; p = 0.029) and progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 3.390; 95% CI, 1.443-7.937; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The more convenient PG regimen is as effective as the PF regimen as induction chemotherapy for patients with advanced NPC. Replacing cisplatin with carboplatin in the concurrent phase carries a poor prognosis.     

Phase III study comparing standard radiotherapy with or without weekly oxaliplatin in treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: preliminary results.

PURPOSE: A prospective, randomized, phase III study was performed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent weekly oxaliplatin with radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2003, 115 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC were randomly assigned to either radiotherapy (RT) alone (56 patients) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT; 59 patients). All patient characteristics were well balanced in both arms. CCRT with oxaliplatin 70 mg/m2 weekly was administered for six doses from the first day of RT. RESULTS: All patients were eligible for toxicity and response analysis. Compliance with the protocol treatment was excellent, with 97% of patients completing all planned doses of oxaliplatin, and a lack of high-grade toxicity was observed. After a median follow-up time of 24 months, there was a significant difference in overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) in favor of the CCRT arm. The 2-year OS rates were 100% for the CCRT arm and 77% for the RT arm (P = .01). The 2-year MFS rates were 92% for the CCRT arm and 80% for the RT arm (P = .02). The 2-year RFS rates were 96% for the CCRT arm and 83% for the RT arm (P = .02). CONCLUSION: CCRT with weekly oxaliplatin is feasible and improves OS, MFS, and RFS rates in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. Therefore, further randomized trials including oxaliplatin are warranted.     

Preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial comparing concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy with radiotherapy alone in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma in endemic regions of china

PURPOSE: A prospective randomized trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic regions of China. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between July 2002 and September 2005, 316 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either radiotherapy alone (RT) or chemoradiotherapy concurrent with adjuvant chemotherapy (CRT). All patients received 70 Gy in 7 weeks using standard RT portals and techniques. The CRT patients were given concurrent cisplatin (40 mg/m(2) on Day 1) weekly during RT, followed by cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) on Day 1) and fluorouracil (800 mg/m(2) on Days 1-5) every 4 weeks (Weeks 5, 9, and 13) for three cycles after completion of RT. All patients were analyzed by intent-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: The two groups were well-balanced in all prognostic factors and RT parameters. The CRT group experienced significantly more acute toxicity (62.6% vs. 32%, p = 0.000). A total of 107 patients (68%) and 97 patients (61%) completed all cycles of concurrent chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, with a median follow-up time of 29 months. The 2-year overall survival rate, failure-free survival rate, distant failure-free survival rate, and locoregional failure-free survival rate for the CRT and RT groups were 89.8% vs. 79.7% (p = 0.003), 84.6% vs. 72.5% (p = 0.001), 86.5% vs. 78.7% (p = 0.024), and 98.0% vs. 91.9% (p = 0.007), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrated the significant survival benefits of concurrent chemotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC in endemic regions of China.     

局部晚期鼻咽癌放射治疗联合化疗的研究进展

临床Ⅲ ～Ⅳ期鼻咽癌占鼻咽癌的的大多数,根治性放疗联合化疗的综合治疗是局部晚期鼻咽癌治疗的基石,现有的证据表明,同步放化疗是中国局部晚期鼻咽癌标准治疗方法,但放化疗的最佳组合方案仍未确定。本文就这方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Positive effect of high RKIP expression on reduced distant metastasis by chemotherapy when combined with radiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a prospective study

The purpose of this prospective study is to investigate the predictive and prognostic significance of the Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Immunohistochemical assays were performed to detect the RKIP protein expression of samples from 212 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. All patients were assigned randomly into the inductive chemotherapy plus radiation therapy (IC + RT) group, the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) group, the inductive chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC + CCRT) group, and the radiation therapy alone (RT) group. The patients in the IC + RT group were treated with IC using 2?C3 cycles of cisplatin (80 mg/m²) and fluorouracil (500 mg/m²), repeated every 3 weeks, followed by radiotherapy. Those in the CCRT group were treated with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m²) for 6?C7 cycles during radiotherapy. In the IC + CCRT group, the chemotherapy prior to radiation was similar to the cisplatin?Cfluorouracil regimen in the IC + RT group, whereas it cisplatin regimen was identical to that in the CCRT group. The results show that RKIP is an independent prognostic factor for 5-year distant metastasis?Cfree survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with high RKIP expression benefited more from reduced metastasis in the IC + RT and the IC + CCRT group, with improved OS and PFS in each treatment group compared with that among patients with low RKIP expression. In the high RKIP expression subgroup, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy improved the DMFS when compared with the RT group, but this effect was not observed in the low RKIP expression subgroup. RKIP was predictive of distant metastasis with good sensitivity and specificity. Clinically, high RKIP expression inhibited distant metastasis in advanced NPC, and its detection might be used to predict distant metastasis with good sensitivity and specificity. The effect of chemotherapy on distant metastasis in combined chemoradiotherapy might be related to the RKIP expression level. Patients with high RKIP expression showed more improved OS and PFS than their low RKIP expression counterparts. Higher RKIP expression improves the DMFS of patients who receive inductive high-dose cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy, with or without concurrent cisplatin. Low RKIP expression is also a predictive marker for cancer progression and metastasis, which could be used to stratify patients with high risk of metastasis and death.