产前血型IgG抗体水平的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨ABO血型不合孕妇的产前IgG抗体水平,了解IgG抗体效价异常在孕妇中所占比率及临床意义,为预防及诊治新生儿溶血病（HDN）采取有效的防治措施。方法用抗人球蛋白试管凝集法进行IgG抗A或抗B的ABO血型抗体效价检测。结果910例孕妇中,血清效价大于64者有108例,异常检出率为11.9%。IgG抗A效价大于64者有64例,检测率为11.8%;检测IgG抗B效价大于64者有54例,检测率为14.1%。讨论妊娠中IgG抗体效价与新生儿溶血密切相关,ABO血型不合的孕妇应及时作产前血清学的检测,可预防新生儿溶血病的发生及减轻胎儿受害的程度。     

夫妇血型不合的孕妇产前免疫性抗体检测分析

目的:探讨夫妇血型不合的孕妇免疫性IgG抗体效价异常率及临床意义, 观察凝聚胺法(MPT)检测孕妇血清中IgG抗A(B)及Rh血型抗D抗体的灵敏度和特异性.方法:常规检测夫妇ABO及RhD血型, 对夫妇ABO及Rh血型不合的孕妇血清进行不规则抗体筛选及特异性鉴定;用MPT法检测孕妇血清中IgG抗A(B)及Rh抗D抗体效价.结果:在986例夫妇ABO血型不合的孕妇血清中, MPT法检出IgG抗A(B)效价≥1∶ 64者528例(53.5%), 传统试管法检出512例(51.9%), 两者比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在15例RhD阴性孕妇中检出抗D抗体11例(73%).结论:产前对夫妇进行ABO、 RhD血型及IgG抗A(B)和抗D效价检测, 发现异常及时进行治疗, 可减少母婴血型不合新生儿溶血病的发生率;MPT法检测IgG抗A(B)及抗D抗体效价, 操作简便, 结果准确.     

母儿ABO血型不合孕妇血清IgG抗体效价与新生儿溶血的相关性分析

目的探讨母亲孕期血型血清学的IgG抗体效价与新生儿ABO溶血病(HDN)的关系。方法选取2005年1月～2009年12月在我院分娩的2168例ABO血型不合孕妇及其新生儿为研究对象。以分娩前孕妇最后一次IgG抗A(B)效价值为标准,效价≥1∶64者列为研究范围。新生儿HDN则观察溶血3项筛查指标及其红细胞、血红蛋白、网织红细胞等。结果 2168例ABO血型不合孕妇中血清IgG抗体效价1∶64有710例,1∶128有800例,1∶256有519例,效价≥1∶512有171例。HDN发病患儿共529例。2次及以上妊娠孕妇的抗A、抗B抗体效价值大于1次妊娠者,差异有显著性,P<0.05;年龄30-40岁组孕妇的抗A和抗B抗体效价高于21-29岁组,差异有显著性,P<0.05;母亲IgG抗A或抗B抗体效价与新生儿ABO溶血的发生率相关,r=0.8119,P<0.05。结论孕妇血清中血型免疫性抗体IgG是引起HDN的主要原因,且随着IgG抗体效价的增高,HDN的发病率也增高,但不是HDN发病的唯一因素,妊娠次数的增多、年龄增大、不良生育史等因素可加重IgG抗体效价对HDN的发生。     

723例O型血孕妇产前IgG抗-A（B）效价对新生儿红细胞致敏的研究

目的研究O型血孕妇产前IgG抗-A（B）血型抗体的效价对新生儿红细胞致敏情况,以预防新生儿溶血病的发生。方法采用抗人球蛋白法检测723例丈夫为非O型的O型血孕妇IgG抗-A或抗-B的ABO血型抗体效价,分娩时取脐静脉血做红细胞四项试验：血型、直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离抗体检测、释放试验。结果 723份血清中IgG抗-A（B）效价≥1∶64者有168例,异常检出率为23.24%;丈夫为A型、B型、AB型者,IgG抗-A（B）异常检出率分别为26.01%、20.13%、23.53%。当孕妇IgG抗-A（B）效价≤32时,新生儿血清学检验结果均为阴性,而效价为64、128、256、≥512新生儿脐血血清学检验结果阳性率分别为7.69%、64.29%、94.12%、100.00%。结论孕妇IgG抗-A（B）效价与新生儿红细胞致敏呈正相关,是产前预报母子血型不合而引起HDN的有效方法。可及早发现,及时治疗,减少由于母婴血型不合引起的溶血病发生。     

78例ABO新生儿溶血病筛查结果分析

目的总结我院ABO新生儿溶血病诊断经验。方法选取712例新生儿黄疸患儿及母亲血样,常规鉴定ABO血型、患儿血清学三项试验、母亲血清IgG抗-A（B）抗体效价,同时对产妇年龄、流产次数、新生儿黄疸发生的时间进行调查。结果明确ABO母婴血型不合新生儿溶血病78例,产妇年龄分布30岁以下共63例（80．8％）,有流产史共68例（87．2％）,新生儿黄疸发生3天内发生共51例（65．4％）。其中O—A型48例,O—B型30例,发病患儿母亲血清IgG抗-A（B）抗体效价1：16共0例（0％）,1：32—64共9例（11．5％）,1：128—512共56例（72．8％）,≥1：1024共13例（16．7％）。新生儿溶血病血清学放散试验阳性78例（100％）,游离试验阳性50例（64．1％）,直抗试验阳性30例（38．5％）。结论为预防ABO新生儿溶血病的发生,对孕妇做产前的ABO血型和血清IgG抗-A（B）抗体效价筛查极有必要,尤其是曾有生产史、流产史的孕妇,同时及时做新生儿黄疸的检查。     

71例孕妇ABO系统抗体产前检查结果分析

新生儿免疫溶血性疾病一般是指母婴血型不合引起胎儿或新生儿的免疫性溶血性疾病（HDN）。可见于ABO、RH及MN等血型系统。Rh血型不合是HDN发病的主要原因，我国由于Rh阴性率很低，以ABO血型HDN最为常见。检查孕妇血清中有无IgG性质的抗A（B）抗体并测定其效价，就能有效评估ABO系统HDN发生的可能性。本文对71例有过原因不明流产史或死胎的孕妇进行IgG抗A（B）抗体效价检查，报告如下。     

新生儿溶血病的产前诊断价值

目的 对孕妇或孕前妇女的血液进行产前免疫学检查,可评估其将来生出新生儿溶血病婴儿的危险性.方法 应用血清学方法检测夫妇ABO,Rh血型,对夫妇血型不合孕妇作血型抗体筛选和抗体效价测定.结果 新生儿溶血的发生率和孕妇体内IgG抗A/B效价成正相关.结论 产前检查夫妇血型,对夫妇ABO血型不合孕妇,追踪检测IgG抗-A(B)效价,是产前预测ABO-HDN发生可能性的较简单而实用方法.     

新生儿母婴ABO血型不合溶血病的早期诊断与治疗

目的　严重新生儿母婴ABO型不合溶血病可致高胆红素脑病。本研究旨在探讨该病的早期诊断和治疗的可行性。方法　所有孕妇及其配偶于产前检测ABO血型。对于丈夫为A、B或AB型的O型血孕妇 ,则加测IgG抗A和抗B抗体效价 :新生儿出生后 ,留取脐带血进行抗人球蛋白试验、抗体释放试验和血清游离抗体测定。一旦确诊 ,立即采取光照疗法等 ,以降低胆红素。结果　 46例患儿生后 4h～ 6h内确诊 ,并给予及时干预 ,无 1例发生胆红素脑病。结论　早期诊断和治疗新生儿母婴ABO血型不合溶血病 ,可避免胆红素脑病发生     

519例O型血孕妇血清中IgG抗A抗B效价测定分析

新生儿溶血病（HDN）是指母婴血型不合，母血中胎儿红细胞的免疫抗体IgG通过胎盘进入胎儿血循环，发生同种免疫反应而引起的不同程度溶血。造成死胎、流产、早产等，在我国以ABO血型不合导致的新生儿溶血最为常见，本资料对我院妇产科门诊O型血孕妇行ABO血型抗体的检测，Rh血型检测，对IgG抗A、抗B高效价者进行了产前积极治疗，效果满意。     

孕期夫妇血型血清学检测与新生儿溶血病关系的探讨

目的探讨HDN血型血清学检测结果与新生儿溶血病关系。方法采用血清学方法对1680对夫妇进行ABO 及Rh(D)血型鉴定。对妻O型夫非O型者再进一步作IgG抗A(B)效价测定及抗体特异性鉴定。对Rh(D)阴性者, 查抗D IgG抗体。对产前夫妻ABO血型不合,IgG抗A(B)抗体效价≥64或有抗D抗体者,所生新生儿结合临床作ABO 及Rh血型鉴定,Combs实验,游离抗体和抗体释放实验。以验证产前IgG抗体效价与新生儿溶血病的关系。结果 1680 对夫妇中,妻O型,夫非O型者472对,占27．5％;妻Rh(D)阴性5例,占0．30％;夫妻血型不合者不规则抗体2例占 0、42%。有流产史IgG抗A(B)抗体效价>64占夫妻血型不合者24．8％。135例IgG抗A(B)效价≥64或有抗D抗体者,因母婴型不合而发病者,占32．8％。结论 1．夫妻血型不合引起的IgG抗体效价的高低,与流产次数呈正相关趋势。 2．产前IgG抗体效价高低与产后新生儿溶血病的发病率率一致。     

Severe hemolytic disease of the newborn in a group B African-American infant delivered by a group O mother

Maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility is a common hematological problem affecting the newborn. In general, hemolysis is minimal and the clinical course is relatively benign, rarely causing the escalating levels of hyperbilirubinemia and significant anemia commonly associated with Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The incidence of HDN ranges from one in 150 births to 1:3000 births, depending on the degree of anemia and level of serum bilirubin. The etiology of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN) is complex because anti-A and anti-B antibodies are composed mainly of IgM. Since only IgG antibodies cross the placenta, those pregnant women with high levels of IgG anti-A,B, anti-A, or anti-B with an ABO incompatible fetus will be the ones to give birth to an infant with ABO-HDN. We describe a case of a B/Rh positive term newborn born to an O/Rh negative African-American mother demonstrating aggressive hemolysis and a robust response of the bone marrow. This case was successfully managed with phototherapy and simple RBC transfusion without the need for exchange transfusion.     

Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: advancements in precision and prevention

In pregnant patients, the impact of blood type and the presence of red blood cell antibodies influence the course of the pregnancy and the health of the fetus and newborn infant. Throughout history, haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn has played a fundamental role in the discovery of the blood group antibodies and their cognate antigens. The mid‐1900s were noted for the advent of Rh immunoglobulin. Now, the technological advancements in diagnosis and treatment of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn have provided the critical tools needed to support mothers with affected pregnancies. The knowledge of blood typing has been further refined with the explosion of understanding about blood group genes, particularly in the RH blood group. Genomic blood group typing, improvements in ultrasound technology and transfusion medicine progress have advanced the field. The care of women with potentially affected pregnancies has never been more robust. Despite this, the risk to the fetus is significant, and prevention strategies for maternal alloimmunization deserve continued attention.     

542例O型血孕妇血清中IgG抗A(B)抗体效价结果分析

目的了解O型血孕妇血清中IgG抗A(B)抗体效价阳性率。方法采用间接抗人球法检测IgG抗A(B)抗体效价。结果检测效价在1∶64以上者达16.7%,且O-A组O-B组阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05,χ2=1.72)。结论检测孕妇血清中IgG类抗体效价,≥1∶64者及时治疗,可预防和减低新生儿溶血病的发生。     

Destruction of IgG anti-A sensitized erythrocytes by mononuclear leucocytes from normal and ABO haemolytic disease affected infants

Studies were undertaken to investigate the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) from cord and healthy adult blood and that from infants with ABO haemolytic disease. The ADCC levels of MNL from both types of newborn blood were found to be higher than that of MNL from adult blood. The extent of ADCC was positively related to the degree of antibody sensitization of the red cells and to the effector cell target cell ratio. The ADCC activity was effected mainly by the adherent cell fraction and could be inhibited by cytochalasin B, hydrocortisone and also by high concentrations (more than 0.5 mg/ml) of non-specific free human IgG. Phagocytosis was also demonstrated to be an important mechanism in the destruction of IgG anti-A coated red cells by the MNL.     

The Role of Immunoglobulins in Neonatal Rhesus Haemolytic Disease

Rhesus (Rh) isoimmunisation is the most common form of severe haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The introduction of prophylaxis with anti-D Rh0 immunoglobulin (anti-D) has resulted in a marked reduction in the sensitisation of Rh-negative women and deaths attributable to Rh HDN. The sensitisation rate could be further decreased if there was strict adherence to the guidelines for administration of anti-D prophylaxis. Whether additional prophylaxis at 28 and 34 weeks of gestation would be cost effective is controversial. Intrauterine transfusions to treat fetal anaemia, postnatal exchange transfusions and phototherapy are all part of the standard management of affected individuals. Intravenous immunoglobulin given to pregnant women can reduce fetal haemolysis, and when administered to neonates with Rh isoimmunisation has been associated with a reduction in the requirement for exchange transfusion. There are, however, potential risks of immunoglobulin administration, including haemolysis due to the presence of anti-A or anti-B antibodies, allergy and the transmission of disease.     

ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.

The charts of newborn infants with positive direct Coombs' test were studied. Only cases in which the mother's blood was group O and the infant's group A or group B were studied. There was no difference between group A and group B infants in the frequency and severity of the hemolytic process caused by maternal antibodies. In group B infants, monospecific antibodies (anti-B) were associated with more severe hemolytic process than cross-reacting antibodies (anti-A,B). In group A infants there was no difference in the severity of the disease between monospecific antibodies (anti-A) and cross reacting antibodies (anti-A,B). Even though there was no significant difference in the sex distribution of affected infants, there was a higher number of boys in the more severely affected group.     

Cellular Immunity in Normal Pregnancy and Abortion: Subpopulations of T Lymphocytes Bearing Fc Receptors for IgG and IgM

ABSTRACT: Studies on the change of peripheral T and B lymphocytes and T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (Ig-G?FcR⁺?T lymphocytes) and IgM (IgM?FcR⁺?T lymphocytes) in normal pregnant women and patients with threatened abortion were performed by using rosette-formation tests. There was no significant difference in the proportion of T and B lymphocytes between pregnant and nonpregnant women. The percentage change of T cells of the patients in threatened abortion with good prognosis was significantly decreased and that of B cells of the patients in threatened abortion was significantly increased compared with that of normal pregnant women. The percentage of IgG?FcR⁺?T lymphocytes in the T lymphocytes increased in the various stages of pregnant and postpartum women as compared with that in nonpregnant women, and in the case of the patients with threatened abortion it also increased significantly from that of normal pregnant women. On the contrary, the percentage of IgM?FcR⁺?T in the T lymphocytes decreased in normal pregnant and postpartum women.