艾滋病母婴阻断抗病毒治疗依从性及相关因素分析

目的探索艾滋病母婴传播阻断抗病毒治疗依从性的主要影响因素,为提高艾滋病母婴传播阻断抗病毒治疗依从性的方法提供依据。积极推广综合防治模式,动员和支持社会组织参与防治工作。方法收集2005~2013年,某县检出艾滋病抗体阳性的孕产妇105例,其中终止妊娠36例,分娩69例,对分娩的艾滋病抗体阳性的69例孕产妇及所生婴儿对艾滋病母婴传播阻断抗病毒治疗的依从性进行调查。结果69例阳性分娩的孕产妇中,抗病毒治疗依从性良好者占97.10%,所生婴儿服药率95.59%。结论艾滋病抗体阳性感染孕产妇母婴阻断抗病毒治疗依从性好坏受多种因素的影响。     

2010—2012年中山市孕产妇艾滋病哨点监测情况分析

目的了解中山市孕产妇艾滋病感染情况及艾滋病防治相关知识水平,为预防控制工作提供依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》要求,2010—2012年对1198名孕产妇进行问卷调查和血清学检测。结果监测的1198名孕产妇中,仍存在孕产妇受教育程度低、有多性伴以及其配偶有吸毒、多性伴等高危行为。艾滋病知识知晓率可能与调查对象的文化程度、怀孕次数、生育次数有关（P〈0．001）,即文化程度越高、初次怀孕及尚未生育,艾滋病知识知晓率越高;2010、2011、2012年监测对象的艾滋病防治知识知晓率分别为45．48％（181／398）、82．25％（329／400）、78．25％（313／400）,3年知晓率比较差异有统计学意义（X2=150．93,P〈0．001）。艾滋病防治总知晓率为68．70％,孕产妇艾滋病HIV阳性率为0。结论中山市孕产妇艾滋病感染率还处在较低水平,但艾滋病防治相关知识仍存在误区,应加强健康教育和行为干预、艾滋病HIV筛查工作,预防艾滋病母婴传播。     

河南省HIV母婴传播的影响因素分析

目的 了解河南省HIV母婴传播情况,分析HIV母婴传播的危险和保护因素.方法 通过国家预防艾滋病母婴传播信息管理系统,收集2002-2013年HIV感染孕产妇及所分娩婴幼儿的有关干预信息,包括孕产妇HIV检测咨询、围产期保健服务、抗病毒药物阻断、婴幼儿随访检测等情况,采用非条件logistic回归对HIV母婴传播的影响因素进行分析.结果 截至2013年12月底,共有1 384例婴幼儿存活至18月龄,检测阳性婴幼儿60人,检测阴性婴幼儿l 324人.存活婴幼儿累计母婴传播率4.34％,存活婴幼儿分年度母婴传播率无明显降低趋势(X2=2.82,P=0.093).产妇孕早期接受预防HIV母婴传播服务(0R=0.22,95％ C.I.0.06～0.77),产妇及婴幼儿进行抗病毒药物阻断(0R=0.46,95％C.I.0.21～0.91),婴幼儿采取人工喂养(OR=0.08,95％ C.I.0.02～0.30)是HIV母婴传播的保护因素,产妇分娩过程采取侧切操作(0R=3.17,95％ C.I.1.37～7.36)是其危险因素.结论 河南省存活婴幼儿HIV母婴传播率较高,应针对主要影响因素一步完善预防HIV母婴传播的综合干预措施.     

149例HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴幼儿的随访情况分析

目的分析江门地区感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)孕产妇所生婴儿的母婴阻断措施和跟踪随访情况。方法对2006-2014年江门地区HIV阳性产妇分娩的婴幼儿按规范服药、人工喂养、儿童体检、血生化、HIV抗体检验等为指标,全程跟踪随访,观察到婴儿满18个月,母婴同时随访。结果 149例HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴幼儿低出生体重儿18例,发生率为12.08%,人工喂养率达97.5%,孕产妇抗病毒药物服药率为91.28%,婴幼儿的抗病毒药物服用率为97.79%,18月龄婴幼儿随访率为94.12%,婴幼儿的抗体阳性检出率为1.23%(1/81)。结论江门地区预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作开展效果显著,一对一的服务模式,产科和儿保科之间的无缝对接,有效提高服务对象的依从性,减少母婴传播,增加HIV阳性孕产妇生育健康儿童的机会,促进优生优育状况。     

艾滋病病毒感染母婴阻断32例临床观察

儿童艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染中，90％来自母婴传播，因此母婴阻断是控制儿童艾滋病流行的关键。柳州市于2006年11月开始对HIV阳性的孕妇实行综合的母婴阻断措施。现将我院自2006年11月以来对HIV感染母婴阻断的32例孕妇进行临床观察，报道如下。     

HIV母婴传播影响因素与预防对策

HIV的母婴传播是艾滋病病毒的妇女在怀孕、分娩或产后等过程中将艾滋病病毒传染给胎儿或婴儿、导致胎儿或婴儿感染的过程。目前认为,母婴传播是15岁以下儿童艾滋病病毒感染的最主要途径。据估计,世界每年有250万艾滋病感染妇女分娩,大约80万儿童受到母婴传播感染的威协。目前世界上每天有2000名婴儿受感染。     

2010-2015年成都市孕产妇艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的 了解成都市孕产期妇女人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和梅毒的感染现状、艾滋病防治知识知晓情况及其影响因素,为当地防控策略制定和干预效果评估提供科学依据.方法 严格按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案操作手册》标准,于2010-2015年对符合监测条件的孕产妇开展行为学问卷调查和血清学检测.结果 2010-2015年间共监测孕产妇2400名,未发现HIV抗体阳性者,梅毒阳性检出率及HCV阳性检出率均为0.13％;艾滋病防治知识知晓率70.52％,呈逐年上升趋势(X2=75.68,P＜0.001),且文化水平越高、年龄越小、怀孕生育次数越少,其防治知识知晓率越高.结论 成都市孕产妇人群HIV、梅毒、HCV感染率均处于低于全国较低水平,但该人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率仍有待提升,今后应开展针对性的孕期健康教育及行为干预,预防艾滋病母婴传播的发生.     

7例HIV阳性孕产妇母婴传播阻断体会

目的 观察7例HIV阳性孕产妇母婴传播阻断效果.方法 对我院收治HIV阳性孕产妇进行母婴传播阻断,干预措施,抗病毒药物治疗+产科干预+个人喂养.结果 7例HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴儿分别于12个月及18个月时进行HIV抗体检测均为阴性.结论 HIV阳性孕产妇行母婴传播阻断干预措施效果明显.     

龙岗区60例艾滋病感染孕产妇所生儿童随访分析

目的研究龙岗区60例艾滋病(AIDS)感染孕产妇所生儿童随访结果。方法回顾性分析从2014年1月～2018年12月于龙岗区各级医院产检330 757例和分娩的孕产妇206 699例作为研究对象,分析孕产妇HIV抗体阳性检出率、抗病毒药物应用情况。此外,分析HIV阳性孕产妇和所生婴幼儿抗病毒药物应用情况对母婴传播的影响,HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴幼儿12月龄生长发育情况。结果龙岗区2014年～2018年行HIV抗体检测孕产妇共537 456例,检出HIV抗体阳性77例,HIV检出率为0.11‰,其中HIV检出率最高年份为2016年的0.13‰,最低年份为2015年的0.10‰。60例HIV阳性产妇中抗病毒药物治疗100%,其中孕前已服用抗病毒治疗32例,占53.33%,孕期服用抗病毒药物治疗22例,占36.67%,产时服用抗病毒药物治疗6例,占10%。60例HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴幼儿HIV阳性检出率为1.67%(1/60)。龙岗区60例HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴幼儿12月龄时的年龄别体重、年龄别身长、身长别体重评价为上级人数占比分别为5.00%、3.33%、5.00%,中级人数占比分别为91.67%、93.33%、88.33%,下级人数占比分别为3.33%、3.33%、6.67%。结论龙岗区HIV阳性孕产妇所生儿童生长发育尚可,并且最大程度的减低了HIV母婴传播率。     

珠海市2016年艾滋病疫情特征分析

目的 分析珠海市2016年艾滋病疫情特征。方法 运用描述性分析方法,对珠海市2016年报告的艾滋病疫情进行分析。结果 珠海市2016年新发现HIV感染者/AIDS患者（简称HIV/AIDS）275例,男女比例为9.2∶1（248∶27）,年龄较为集中在20~49岁,占81.45%;人群以流动人口为主,占75.91%;以性接触感染为主,占91.32%,而其中 61.84%是经男男同性性接触感染。结论 2016年珠海市艾滋病疫情继续保持增长趋势,经男男同性传播是本地艾滋病目前主要传播途径。要继续加强对普通人群艾滋病知识宣教和重点人群行为干预及病例发现等综合防制工作。     

Successful introduction of routine opt-out HIV testing in antenatal care in Botswana

BACKGROUND: Botswana has high HIV prevalence among pregnant women (37.4% in 2003) and provides free services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Nearly all pregnant women (>95%) have antenatal care (ANC) and deliver in hospital. Uptake of antenatal HIV testing was low from 1999 through 2003. In 2004, Botswana's President declared that HIV testing should be "routine but not compulsory" in medical settings. METHODS: Health workers were trained to provide group education and recommend HIV testing as part of routine ANC services. Logbook data on ANC attendance, HIV testing, and uptake of PMTCT interventions were reviewed before and after routine testing training, and ANC clients were interviewed. RESULTS: After routine testing started, the percentage of all HIV-infected women delivering in the regional hospital who knew their HIV status increased from 47% to 78% and the percentage receiving PMTCT interventions increased from 29% to 56%. ANC attendance and the percentage of HIV-positive women who disclosed their HIV status to others remained stable. Interviews indicated that ANC clients supported the policy. CONCLUSIONS: Routine HIV testing was more accepted than voluntary testing in this setting and led to substantial increases in the uptake of testing and PMTCT interventions without detectable adverse consequences. Routine testing in other settings may strengthen HIV care and prevention efforts.     

Acceptability of routine HIV testing ("opt-out") in antenatal services in two rural districts of Zimbabwe

Low uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in resource-limited settings requires new approaches to prevent missed opportunities. Routine HIV testing ("opt-out" testing) in antenatal care (ANC) should be considered. An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted in 6 PMTCT sites in rural Zimbabwe. Women who had attended ANC in health centers where PMTCT was provided were surveyed in postnatal services. Of 520 women sampled, 285 (55%) had been HIV tested during their last pregnancy. Primary education or no education (P = 0.02), reporting receiving neither group education in the ANC clinic (P < 0.001) nor individual pretest counseling (P < 0.001), and having attended <6 ANC visits (P < 0.03) were associated with not having been HIV tested. Among the 235 women not HIV tested in ANC, 79% would accept HIV testing if opt-out testing was introduced. Factors associated with accepting the opt-out approach were being <20 years old (P = 0.005), having secondary education or more (P = 0.03), living with a partner (P = 0.001), and the existence of a PMTCT service where the untested women delivered. Thirty-seven women of 235 (16%) would decline routine HIV testing, mainly because of their fear of knowing their HIV status and the need to have their partner's consent. Among the women already tested in ANC (n = 285), 97% would accept the opt-out approach. In Zimbabwe, where 25% of pregnant women are HIV infected, introducing the opt-out strategy for HIV testing may have a far-reaching public health impact on PMTCT. Issues regarding, stigma, quality of post-testing counseling and staffing must be considered, however.     

Estimating vertically acquired HIV infections and the impact of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission program in Zimbabwe: insights from decision analysis models

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends a single-dose nevirapine (NVP) regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in settings without the capacity to deliver more complex regimens, but the population-level impact of this intervention has rarely been assessed. METHODS: A decision analysis model was developed, parameterized, and applied using local epidemiologic and demographic data to estimate vertical transmission of HIV and the impact of the PMTCT program in Zimbabwe up to 2005. RESULTS: Between 1980 and 2005, of approximately 10 million children born in Zimbabwe, a cumulative 504,000 (range: 362,000 to 665,000) were vertically infected with HIV; 59% of these infections occurred in nonurban areas. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV decreased from 8.2% (range: 6.0% to 10.7%) in 2000 to 6.2% (range: 4.9% to 8.9%) in 2005, predominantly attributable to declining maternal HIV prevalence rather than to the PMTCT program. Between 2002 and 2005, the single-dose NVP PMTCT program may have averted 4600 (range: 3900 to 7800) infections. In 2005, 32% (range: 26% to 44%) and 4.0% (range: 2.7% to 6.2%) of infections were attributable to breast-feeding and maternal seroconversion, respectively, and the PMTCT program reduced infant infections by 8.8% (range: 5.5% to 12.1%). Twice as many infections could have been averted had a more efficacious but logistically more complex NVP + zidovudine regimen been implemented with similar coverage (50%) and acceptance (42%). DISCUSSION: The decline in MTCT from 2000 to 2005 is attributable more to the concurrent decrease in HIV prevalence in pregnant women than to PMTCT at the current level of rollout. To improve the impact of PMTCT, program coverage and acceptance must be increased, especially in rural areas, and local infrastructure must then be strengthened so that single-dose NVP can be replaced with a more efficacious regimen.     

A cluster randomized controlled trial of lay health worker support for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in South Africa

Background

We evaluate the impact of clinic-based PMTCT community support by trained lay health workers in addition to standard clinical care on PMTCT infant outcomes.

Methods

In a cluster randomized controlled trial, twelve community health centers (CHCs) in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, were randomized to have pregnant women living with HIV receive either: a standard care (SC) condition plus time-equivalent attention-control on disease prevention (SC; 6 CHCs; n? = 357), or an enhanced intervention (EI) condition of SC PMTCT plus the “Protect Your Family” intervention (EI; 6 CHCs; n? = 342). HIV-infected pregnant women in the SC attended four antenatal and two postnatal video sessions and those in the EI, four antenatal and two postnatal PMTCT plus “Protect Your Family” sessions led by trained lay health workers. Maternal PMTCT and HIV knowledge were assessed. Infant HIV status at 6 weeks postnatal was drawn from clinic PCR records; at 12 months, HIV status was assessed by study administered DNA PCR. Maternal adherence was assessed by dried blood spot at 32 weeks, and infant adherence was assessed by maternal report at 6 weeks. The impact of the EI was ascertained on primary outcomes (infant HIV status at 6 weeks and 12 months and ART adherence for mothers and infants), and secondary outcomes (HIV and PMTCT knowledge and HIV transmission related behaviours). A series of logistic regression and latent growth curve models were developed to test the impact of the intervention on study outcomes.

Results

In all, 699 women living with HIV were recruited during pregnancy (8–24 weeks), and assessments were completed at baseline, at 32 weeks pregnant (61.7%), and at 6 weeks (47.6%), 6 months (50.6%) and 12 months (59.5%) postnatally. Infants were tested for HIV at 6 weeks and 12 months, 73.5% living infants were tested at 6 weeks and 56.7% at 12 months. There were no significant differences between SC and EI on infant HIV status at 6 weeks and at 12 months, and no differences in maternal adherence at 32 weeks, reported infant adherence at 6 weeks, or PMTCT and HIV knowledge by study condition over time.

Conclusion

The enhanced intervention administered by trained lay health workers did not have any salutary impact on HIV infant status, ART adherence, HIV and PMTCT knowledge. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov: number NCT02085356

     

Clinically significant anemia in HIV-infected pregnant women in India is not a major barrier to zidovudine use for prevention of maternal-to-child transmission

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of anemia (serum hemoglobin <10 g/dL) and assess zidovudine use and toxicity in HIV-positive pregnant women in India. METHODS: From 2002 through 2006, 24,105 pregnant women in Pune were screened for HIV and anemia. As part of an infant prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) trial, enrolled HIV-positive women (n = 467) were assessed for anemia and associated outcomes, comparing women receiving zidovudine for >or=2 weeks versus no zidovudine. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 38.7% in HIV-positive women. Anemic women were as likely as nonanemic women to receive zidovudine. At delivery, regardless of anemia status at enrollment, women receiving >or=2 weeks of zidovudine were 70% less likely to be anemic compared with women receiving no zidovudine (odds ratio = 0.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.14 to 0.57; P < 0.01), received iron and folic acid supplements for longer periods, and had no increased adverse delivery or newborn birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of HIV-positive pregnant women in India present for antenatal care with anemia. With concurrent iron and folic acid supplementation, however, zidovudine use is not associated with persistent or worsening anemia or associated adverse outcomes. In Indian community settings, all pregnant HIV-positive women should receive early anemia treatment. Mild anemia should not limit zidovudine use for PMTCT in India.     

Low utilization of HIV testing during pregnancy: What are the barriers to HIV testing for women in rural India?

INTRODUCTION: Sixty percent of India's HIV cases occur in rural residents. Despite government policy to expand antenatal HIV screening and prevention of maternal-to-child transmission (PMTCT), little is known about HIV testing among rural women during pregnancy. METHODS: Between January and March 2006, a cross-sectional sample of 400 recently pregnant women from rural Maharashtra was administered a questionnaire regarding HIV awareness, risk, and history of antenatal HIV testing. RESULTS: Thirteen women (3.3%) reported receiving antenatal HIV testing. Neither antenatal care utilization nor history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms influenced odds of receiving HIV testing. Women who did not receive HIV testing, compared with women who did, were 95% less likely to have received antenatal HIV counseling (odds ratio = 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.17) and 80% less aware of an existing HIV testing facility (odds ratio = 0.19, 95% confidence interval: 0.04 to 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Despite measurable HIV prevalence, high antenatal care utilization, and STI symptom history, recently pregnant rural Indian women report low HIV testing. Barriers to HIV testing during pregnancy include lack of discussion by antenatal care providers and lack of awareness of existing testing services. Provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing during pregnancy would optimize HIV prevention for women throughout rural India.     

Ending pediatric AIDS and achieving a generation born HIV-free

In the 30 years of the AIDS pandemic, the devastating effects of HIV on infants and young children have often been overlooked and neglected. However, the ability to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), or vertical transmission, has been one of the most significant prevention success stories in the global AIDS response. New HIV infections in children have been virtually eliminated in high-income countries and programmatic efforts have shifted to low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, home to the vast majority of pediatric AIDS cases.Over the past decade, the dramatic scale-up of PMTCT programs has saved millions of lives and has provided a foundation for HIV prevention and care and treatment programs that are integrated within maternal and child health services. Although some countries in sub-Saharan Africa are now approaching universal PMTCT coverage, global access to PMTCT for HIV-positive pregnant women remains at nearly 50%. Recently, a new global plan has focused efforts and resources to keep HIV-positive mothers healthy and to virtually eliminate new pediatric infections by 2015.What programmatic and technical innovations will be necessary to overcome current service gaps and implementation barriers? How can countries continue the current momentum with sustainable locally-led programs that address the epidemic in women and children? And how can the vital perspectives of communities and people living with HIV help drive these efforts? Successfully addressing these and other issues will be key to ending HIV infections in children and creating an AIDS-free generation within the next decade.     

Male Involvement for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission: A Brief Review of Initiatives in East,West, and Central Africa

Current trends in HIV/AIDS research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) highlight socially and culturally sensitive interventions that mobilize community members and resources for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care services. These factors are particularly important when addressing the complex social and cultural nature of implementing services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Across the globe approximately 34 % fewer children were infected with HIV through the perinatal or breastfeeding route in 2011 (est. 330,000) than in 2001 (est. 500,000), but ongoing mother-to-child HIV transmission is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, where fully 90 % of 2011 cases are estimated to have occurred. Recent literature suggests that PMTCT in Africa is optimized when interventions engage and empower community members, including male partners, to support program implementation and confront the social, cultural and economic barriers that facilitate continued vertical transmission of HIV. In resource-limited settings the feasibility and sustainability of PMTCT programs require innovative approaches to strengthening male engagement by leveraging lessons learned from successful initiatives in SSA. This review presents an overview of studies assessing barriers and facilitators of male participation in PMTCT and new interventions designed to increase male engagement in East, West, and Central Africa from 2000–2013, and examines the inclusion of men in PMTCT programs through the lens of community and facility activities that promote the engagement and involvement of both men and women in transformative PMTCT initiatives.     

Routine intrapartum HIV counseling and testing for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a rural Ugandan hospital

OBJECTIVE: In Africa, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs are hindered by limited uptake by women and their male partners. Routine HIV counseling and testing (HCT) during labor has been proposed as a way to increase PMTCT uptake, but little data exist on the impact of such intervention in a programmatic context in Africa. DESIGN AND METHODS: In May 2004, PMTCT services were established in the antenatal clinic (ANC) of a 200-bed hospital in rural Uganda; in December 2004, ANC PMTCT services became opt-out, and routine opt-out intrapartum HCT was established in the maternity ward. We compared acceptability, feasibility, and uptake of maternity and ANC PMTCT services between December 2004 and September 2005. RESULTS: HCT acceptance was 97% (3591/3741) among women and 97% (104/107) among accompanying men in the ANC and 86% (522/605) among women and 98% (176/180) among their male partners in the maternity. Thirty-four women were found to be HIV seropositive through intrapartum testing, representing an 12% (34/278) increase in HIV infection detection. Of these, 14 received their result and nevirapine before delivery. The percentage of women discharged from the maternity ward with documented HIV status increased from 39% (480/1235) to 88% (1395/1594) over the period. Only 2.8% undocumented women had their male partners tested in the ANC in contrast to 25% in the maternity ward. Of all male partners who presented to either unit, only 48% (51/107) came together and were counseled with their wife in the ANC, as compared with 72% (130/180) in the maternity ward. Couples counseled together represented 2.8% of all persons tested in the ANC, as compared with 37% of all persons tested in the maternity ward. CONCLUSION: Intrapartum HCT may be an acceptable and feasible way to increase individual and couple participation in PMTCT interventions.     

Investigation of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in pregnancy and among HIV-exposed infants accessing care at a PMTCT clinic in southwest Nigeria

Background: Over 90% of infant acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases have been through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Consequent to this, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs have instituted as dual purposes for prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child and enrollment of infected pregnant women and their families into antiretroviral treatment (ART) program. However, there are still some breakthrough infections and challenges. Therefore, this study was designed to assess risk of HIV transmission among HIV-exposed infants on follow-up at a PMTCT clinic in an antiretroviral (ARV) referral health facility in southwest Nigeria.

Methods: A cohort of 60 purposively recruited consenting pregnant women referred to PMTCT HIV clinic in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria were enrolled and followed up for 1 year (2015–2016). A well-structured epidemiological questionnaire was used to capture all relevant information. Data were then analyzed by SPSS version 21 (St. Louis, MO, USA), while bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify associations.

Results: A total of 44 mothers and their infants were available for the analysis with an attrition rate of 26.7%. The mean age of mothers at enrollment to follow-up was 32.9 years (SD = 4.2 years). Two (4.5%, 95% CI: 7.2–12.3%) of the infants were HIV positive by DNA PCR test. There was no linear relationship between age of the mothers with CD4 count or viral load both before and after delivery but there was a significant positive relationship with year on ARV (r = 0.318, 95% CI: 0.024–0.562). Infants of rural dwelling mothers were at 3.39 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.29) times higher risk of vertical HIV transmission compared to those of urban dwelling mothers. Infants delivered at home had 2.61(AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.59, 7.91) times higher risk of MTCT compared to those delivered at health institution. Mixed feeding was also another important predictor in which the risk of MTCT was about two (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 0.68, 9.97) times higher compared to exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusions: There was a high risk of MTCT of HIV among exposed infants on follow-up at the PMTCT clinic of Adeoyo Maternity Teaching referral hospital. Our findings will assist health policy makers in providing important information capable of enhancing assurance HIV control in such population and in raising the standard of PMTCT program in Nigeria.