短期胰岛素强化治疗对2型糖尿病患者血清MCP-1的影响

将确诊的未用过胰岛素的2型糖尿病患者48人,随机分为2组,其中强化治疗组24人,常规治疗组24人。另选择健康体检者24人做为对照。观察胰岛素强化治疗与常规治疗前后血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的变化。结果：（1）胰岛素强化治疗组与常规治疗组MCP-1的水平在治疗前差异无显著性。两组洽疗前与正常对照组比较,差异显著。（2）两组治疗前后MCP-1水平比较,差异显著P〈0．05,强化组下降更明显P〈0．01。（3）胰岛素强化治疗组与常规治疗组治疗前后差值的比较,差异显著。（4）胰岛素强化治疗后MCP-1水平更明显接近正常对照组,两者比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义。胰岛素常规治疗后未能达到正常对照组水平,两者比较P〈0．01差异显著。（5）2型糖尿病患者MCP-1的水平与HOMA—IR呈明显的正相关。结论：（1）2型糖尿病患者经胰岛素治疗后血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的水平明显下降。胰岛素可能通过降低MCP-1的水平而发挥抗炎作用。强化治疗组降低MCP-1的水平更明显,治疗效果更显著。（2）本研究证实2型糖尿病患者MCP-1的水平与HOMA—IR呈明显的正相关。     

健康人、糖尿病及高血压患者24小时动态血压比较

155例研究对象,其中正常组50例：男性20例,女性30例,平均60．0±10．3（SD）岁;糖尿病组（2型,临床血压正常及未接受胰岛素治疗）47例：男性28例,女性19例,61．0±8．5岁;高血压组（轻中度）58例：男性33例,女性25例,59．4±8．0岁。采用TM-2421动态血压监测仪（A＆D,日本）监测记录24小时ABP。采用SPSSl0．0软件分析实验数据。结果：（1）三组ABP均呈勺型变化,糖尿病和高血压组SBP水平显著高于正常组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。高血压组DBP水平显著高于正常组和糖尿病组（P〈0．01,或P〈0．05）。余弦法证实三组ABP变化的显著昼夜节律性,糖尿病和高血压组的夜间血压（SBP、DBP）下降率明显低于正常组（P〈0．01,或P〈0．05）。（2）ABP参数：糖尿病和高血压组ABP均值和负荷明显高于正常组（P〈0．01,或P〈0．05）;ABP变异性三组之间无显著性差异;高血压组ABP曲线下面积显著性高于正常组（P〈0．01）,与糖尿病组无显著性差别。结论：高血压和临床正常血压的糖尿病患者均出现ABP部分参数与正常对照组的显著性差异,提示：糖尿病患者在临床明确诊断高血压前已发生血压调节的明显病理改变。     

罗格列酮对糖尿病肾病患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1的影响

选取T2DM患者89例,分为尿NA组、MA尿组和DN组。结果DN组PA1-1水平明显高于尿NA组（P〈0．01）和MA组（P〈0．05）,t—PA／PAI-1比值显著低于尿NA组（P〈0．01）和MA尿组（P〈0．05）,MA组t—PA及t—PA／PAI-1水平显著低于尿NA的患者（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。DN组t—PA明显低于MA组（P〈0．01）。予罗格列酮治疗后。PPG、HbAlC、尿MA、PAI-1水平明显下降（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,t—PA、t—PA／PAI-1水平明显增加（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论盐酸罗格列酮可提高t—PA水平、降低PAI-1水平,改善纤溶活性,延缓肾功能损害。     

吸烟与男性早发冠心病的临床病因学的相关性研究

目的探讨吸烟与男性早发冠心病（PCAD）的关系。方法纳入270例经冠状动脉造影确诊为PCAD患者,其中男性组158例和女性组112例,对两组常见心血管危险因素（吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、早发冠心病家族史、血脂异常等）进行分析。结果PCAD患者男性组和女性组平均年龄比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,男性组吸烟比例显著高于女性组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组间高血压、糖尿病、PCAD家族史无差异,但男性HDL-C（mg／d1）显著低于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。男性PCAD与吸烟呈正相关（OR=153．82,P〈0．01）,与HDL-C呈负相关（OR=0．95,P〈0．01）。结论男性PCAD的发病年龄早于女性,且与男性的吸烟和低HDL-C密切相关。     

性别对慢性心力衰竭患者生活质量和社会支持的影响

目的：探讨性别对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者生活质量和社会支持的影响。方法：采用横断面研究方法,以问卷调查方式分别使用简明健康调查问卷、明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量问卷和社会支持评判量表对CHF患者的生活质量及社会支持度进行调查。结果：（1）生活质量：①简明健康调查问卷：除生理职能、躯体疼痛维度外,总分和其余6个维度分女性组均明显低于男性组（P〈0．05～〈0．001）;②明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量问卷：在身体领域、情绪领域、其他领域分和总分方面,女性组的均明显高于男性组的（P〈0．001）;（2）社会支持度：除主观支持维度分外,客观支持、对支持利用度分以及总分女性组明显低于男性组（P〈0．05）。结论 慢性心衰患者在生活质量及社会支持方面存在性别差异,女性患者明显低于男性患者。     

老年人冠心病发病与血浆同型半胱氨酸水平相关性研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（HCY）水平与冠心病（CHD）的关系。方法采用循环酶法分别测定CHD患者（117例）及对照组（50例）血浆中HCY水平。结果CHD组血浆HCY水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．001）；不同临床类型患者，HCY水平AMI〉UAP〉SAP〉对照组，其中SAP组与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．005），UAP、AMI组与对照组比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．001），SAP与UAP、AMI组比较差异也存在显著性，分别为P〈0．05和P〈0．001；0、1、2,3支血管病变者血浆HCY浓度呈逐级增高趋势，0支病变组与其他各病变组间比较相差显著（P〈0．001），1支与3支病变组或2支与3支病变组间差异有显著性（P〈0．01），1支与2支病变组之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论CHD患者血浆HCY水平明显增高，冠状动脉病变支数越多，血浆HCY水平越高，提示HCY水平变化与CHD的发生、发展密切相关，是CHD的一个危险因素。     

两种剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者踝臂指数和hs-CRP影响的比较

目的：观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病的疗效及其对踝臂指数（ABI）和高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的影响。方法：选择冠心病患者110例,随机分为40mg组和10mg组,每组各55例。10mg组予以阿托伐他汀10mg／次,1次／晚,40mg组予以阿托伐他汀40mg／次,1次／晚。观察比较两组的血脂及治疗前后的ABI和hs-CRP的水平。结果：治疗后,两组的总胆固醇（TC）,三酰甘油（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的水平均较治疗前显著降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平较治疗前显著升高（P〈0．05）;与10mg组比较,40mg组LDL,C较10mg组降低更显著（P〈0．05）。hs-CRP水平较治疗前也显著降低（P〈0．01）;与10mg组比较,40mg组hs-CRP水平下降更为显著（P〈0．05）。而ABI水平治疗后较治疗前显著升高（P〈0．01）,与lOmg组比较,40mg组ABI的改善更为显著（P〈0．05）。结论：阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者的ABI和hs-CRP改善明显,而且40mg组改善更显著。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清激活素A水平的变化及意义

目的探讨老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者血清激活素A水平的变化及意义。方法ELISA法测定老年CHF患者87例及健康对照组32例血清激活素A的水平。结果心功能Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级组与对照组及心功能Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级组之间比较，差异显著（P〈0．05）。激活素A水平在左心室射血分数（LVEF）〈30％组和30％～40％组之间比较差异显著（P〈0．05），LVEF〈30％组与对照组比较差异非常显著（P〈0．01），LVEF30％～40％组与对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0．05）。血清激活素A水平在贫血组与对照组之间比较差异非常显著（P〈0．01），贫血组与非贫血组之间比较差异显著（P〈0．05），而非贫血组与对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论老年CHF患者血清激活素A水平在心功能差及贫血者有明显增高。     

脐血促红细胞生成素、内皮素与围产儿缺氧的关系

目的 探讨脐血促红细胞生成素（EPO）、内皮素（ET-1）与围产期胎儿、新生儿缺氧的关系。方法 采用ELISA法检测新出生54例高危儿脐血EPO与ET-1,并与14例健康顺产儿进行对照。结果 羊水Ⅲ度浑浊组及先兆子痫／子痫组脐血EP0水平较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）。新生儿窒息组ET-1水平高于对照组（P〈0．01）。先兆子痫／子痫组脐动脉血pH值与正常顺产组脐动脉血pH值差异显著（P〈0．01）。先兆子痫／子痫组EPO水平与pH水平显著负相关（r=-0．984,P〈0．01）。新生儿窒息组脐血ET-1水平与5min Apgar评分值呈显著负相关（r=-0．9,16,P〈0．01）。结论 脐血EPO在提示围产儿亚急性、慢性缺氧．ET-1在提示围产儿急性缺氧方面具有重要的作用。     

不同年龄和性别中老年2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的特点

目的了解不同年龄不同性别中老年2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的特点。方法对2003年9月至2011年12月于我科就诊的3768例年龄≥40岁的2型糖尿病患者临床资料进行分析,根据尿酸水平将患者分为高尿酸组（A组,男性尿酸〉420μmol／L,女性尿酸〉357μmol／L）和尿酸正常组（B组）,排序后再进行五分位分组;年龄按40～70岁每5岁分组共分为7组,比较各组高尿酸血症患病率、BMI、腰臀比（WHR）、血压和生化指标。尿酸与血糖、HbAle、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）的相关性采用Pearson相关分析,采用logistic回归方法分析尿酸的影响因素。结果男性尿酸水平明显高于女性（t=-11．091,P〈0．05）,随年龄变化为先下降后上升;女性尿酸随着年龄增长而上升。男性A组较女性A组平均年龄小、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）低（t=2．526、2．764,均P〈0．05）。女性A组空腹、餐后血糖和男性A组HbAlC均低于B组（t=2．147、3．284、2．982,均P〈0．05）,男女A组空腹、餐后胰岛素、HOMA-IR和甘油三酯（TG）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Ser）均明显高于B组（均P〈0．05）,而HDL-C、肾小球滤过率（e-GFR）明显低于B组（均P〈0．05）。男性A组白蛋白／肌酐（Alb／Cr）明显高于B组（t=-3．922;P〈0．05）,女性两组无差异。logistic回归分析示男性尿酸与BMI、TG、A1b／Cr呈正相关（OR=1．128、1．231、1．004,均P〈0．05）,与HbAlC和e-GFR呈负相关（OR=0．811、0．973,均P〈0．05）;女性尿酸与BMI、TG、HDL-C呈正相关（OR=1．171、1．179、0．264,均P〈0．05）,与e-GFR呈负相关（OR：0．978;P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的患者有更严重的胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常以及e—GFR下降。男女糖尿病患者的尿酸水平及其年龄、体重、血压等对尿酸水平的影响有所不同。     

Nutritional status, psychological well-being and the quality of life of AIDS orphans in rural Henan Province, China

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of orphanhood due to AIDS on children's nutritional status, psychological well-being and life quality, and to explore appropriate intervention strategies in China. METHODS: In 2005, 186 children aged 8-15 years (93 AIDS orphans and 93 non-orphans) from a rural area of Henan Province were surveyed in a cross-sectional and matched pairs study on nutritional status, psychological health and life quality. RESULTS: We found no compelling evidence for poorer nutritional status in orphans. The nutritional status of both orphans and non-orphans was extremely poor according to the prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting and anaemia. Depression, low self-esteem and lower quality of life were more frequent in orphans. These differences mainly existed in boys' groups. No significant differences were found between paternal, maternal and double orphans, or orphans in orphanages or extended families. Regression analysis revealed that orphanhood leads to low self-esteem and more depression which contributes to lower quality of life and mediates the association between orphanhood and quality of life. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of poor nutritional status indicates that basic material needs of children, including AIDS orphans, are not met in rural China. Psychological problems were prominent among orphans and had become the most important contributor of lower life quality. Boys were at least as vulnerable as girls. The living conditions of all children in rural China must be improved; school-based care and support are crucial and would be a cost-effective way to improve the overall life quality of AIDS orphans.     

云南某县艾滋病及其他脆弱家庭中儿童身心健康现况调查

目的了解中国政府／联合国儿童基金会艾滋病预防关怀项目县艾滋病及其他脆弱家庭中心儿童的身心健康现况,为项目提供基线资料。方法通过随机抽样,在云南省某项目县选取250名0-17岁来自受艾滋病、吸毒和贫困影响家庭的儿童,测量身高,并对其中154名6岁以上儿童进行心理问卷调查。结果来自三种家庭的儿童的身高没有显著性差异,心理状况有显著性差异。近68％的受艾滋病影响儿童不能处理生活中的困难,对生活中的事也不能决定怎么办;58％的受艾滋病影响的儿童害怕别人不和他（她）玩;67％的受艾滋病影响的儿童比较自信,但仍低于受吸毒影响的儿童（89％）。结论受艾滋病影响家庭的儿童与其他脆弱家庭儿童的心理状况不同,社区关怀项目应考虑之间的区别。     

Stigma,marginalization and psychosocial well-being of orphans in Rwanda: exploring the mediation role of social support

Stigma and marginalization are one of the major challenges orphans face in their daily lives, particularly in developing countries, but little is known about their impacts on mental health. This study examines how orphan-related characteristics, stigma and marginalization are associated with psychosocial well-being. It further analyses the role of social support in mediating between stigma and marginalization and mental health, indicated by emotional well-being and mental distress. The participants in this study were 430 Rwandan orphans who were 10–25 years of age, and of whom 179 were females and 251 were males. Results showed that high levels of stigma and marginalization were associated with a lower level of emotional well-being and higher levels of mental distress. A mediation analysis indicated that low level of social support due to stigma and marginalization contributed significantly to low level of emotional well-being. Once stigma, marginalization and social support were fully accounted for, AIDS orphans exhibited higher levels of mental distress than those who were orphaned by genocide or other causes. Future interventions designed to reduce stigma and marginalization for orphans and actions that facilitate social support can significantly improve emotional well-being and reduce mental distress among orphans.     

江苏省晚期血吸虫病患者生命质量评估

目的了解江苏省晚期血吸虫病(晚血)患者的生命质量状况。方法采用SF-36量表对江苏省部分在册晚血患者进行问卷调查,评价其生理和心理健康。结果 8个维度晚血患者生命质量的各项分值均低于健康人群,男性患者以心理健康指标降低明显,而女性患者则以生理健康指标显著降低;经济发达地区患者的生命质量优于经济不发达地区;经济收入较低的患者生命质量较差;高年龄组晚血患者的心理健康指标较好。结论晚血患者的生命质量显著低于健康人群,影响患者生命质量的主要因素与社会保障机制和公共卫生体系的完善密切相关,对晚血患者治疗的同时更应关注心理健康。     

Care arrangements, grief and psychological problems among children orphaned by AIDS in China

The China Ministry of Health has estimated that there are at least 100,000 AIDS orphans in China. The UNICEF China Office estimates that between 150,000 and 250,000 additional children will be orphaned by AIDS over the next five years. However, limited data are available regarding the sociodemographic characteristics, care arrangements, barriers to appropriate grief resolution and psychological problems among AIDS orphans in China. In this article, we review secondary data and reports from scientific literature, government, non-governmental organisations and public media regarding children orphaned by AIDS in China to address their living situation, bereavement process and psychological problems. Our review suggests that AIDS orphans in China are living in a stressful environment, with many orphans struggling with psychological problems and unmet basic needs such as food, shelter, education and medical care. Based on our review, we suggest that future studies should address the psychosocial needs of AIDS orphans in China and develop health promotion programmes to mitigate the negative impact of parental death on the physical and psychosocial well-being of these orphans.     

艾滋病致孤儿童的心理健康问题研究及相关对策建议

目的了解艾滋病致孤儿童的心理健康问题,提出相关对策和建议。方法采用访谈、追踪调查和心理干预相结合的方法,对受艾滋病影响儿童的心理发展进行了5年的系列研究。结果共追踪调查1 625名儿童,其中孤儿755名,非孤儿童466名,对照儿童404名。发现艾滋孤儿存在着严重的心理问题,艾滋孤儿具有仇恨的心理,封闭、自卑和孤独心理严重,未来发展压力大,悲伤情绪异常严重,双孤和单孤的心理健康状况都很差。在心理干预和3年追踪研究的基础上,提出了相关对策和建议。结论时间解决不了艾滋孤儿的心理健康问题,要重视对艾滋孤儿的心理救助。     

艾滋病对中国儿童影响的研究

目的了解和认识艾滋病对中国儿童的影响。方法利用方差分析等方法,提出一个多层次的分析框架,设计以儿童成长为核心的家庭调查表及儿童访谈提纲,并进行实地调查。结果受艾滋病影响儿童的家庭人均生产收入减少;救助活动对改善艾滋病孤儿家庭的经济状况起到了一定的作用;父母存活的受艾滋病影响儿童的缺课率最高;受艾滋病影响儿童感受到心理压力和忧伤。结论艾滋病对儿童的影响主要反映在儿童的生活环境、生存状况和身心健康三个层面。在这三个层面,受艾滋病影响儿童与非艾滋病家庭的儿童存在明显的差异。     

Social status,physical, mental health,well-being and self evaluation of elderly in China

This study examined self perceived physical and mental health, general well-being, social status and self evaluation among a group of Chinese elderly (N=240, age range 65–94) who visited a geriatric outpatient clinic in Beijing, People's Republic of China. The instrument measured five areas of interest: (1) disease patterns; (2) perceived physical and mental health; (3) general well-being; (4) social-economic status and (5) self evaluation. The results showed that the illiterate elderly reported lower self-evaluation scores than all other groups (p<0.05). In general, men gave themselves higher selfevaluation scores than women (p<0.05). The blue-collar group had lower general wellbeing scores (p<0.05) than the other occupational groups. These findings were discussed within social, cultural, political and historical contexts in China.     

Health and nutritional status of orphans <6 years old cared for by relatives in western Kenya

One of the consequences of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is the increase in the number of orphans, estimated to have reached 6-11% of children <15 years old in 2000. Orphans who stay in their communities may be at increased risk for poor health due to reduced circumstances and loss of parental care. We have used data from a population-based study in rural western Kenya to compare basic health and nutritional indicators between non-orphaned children <6 years old and children who lost either or both of their parents. In June 2000, all children <6 years old who had been recruited for a cross-sectional survey in 60 villages of Rarieda Division, western Kenya, in June 1999 were invited to return for a follow-up survey. Basic demographic characteristics, including the vital status of the child's parents, and health histories were requested from all 1190 participants of the follow-up survey, along with a finger-prick blood sample for determination of malaria parasite status and haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Height-for-age (H/A) and weight-for-height (W/H) Z-scores were also calculated from anthropometric measurements. Overall, 7.9% of the children had lost one or both their parents (6.4% had lost their father, 0.8% had lost their mother and 0.7% had lost both parents). While there was no difference between orphans and non-orphans regarding most of the key health indicators (prevalence of fever and malaria parasitaemia, history of illness, Hb levels, H/A Z scores), W/H Z-scores in orphans were almost 0.3 standard deviations lower than those of non-orphans. This association was more pronounced among paternal orphans and those who had lost a parent more than 1 year ago. These results suggest that the health status of surviving orphans living in their community is similar to that of the non-orphan population, but longitudinal cohort studies should be conducted to determine better the overall impact of orphanhood on child health.     

Psychosocial disadvantage: preparation,grieving, remembrance and recovery for orphans in eastern Zimbabwe

Few programmes for sub-Saharan Africa's 12.3 million children orphaned by AIDS have focused on their high risk for psychosocial problems. As groundwork for supporting orphans' healthy development, this study describes the preparation, grief, and memorial experiences and the physical and psychosocial well-being of 144 double orphans and 109 single orphans in rural eastern Zimbabwe. Most received no preparation or orphan-specific support for mourning and emotional recovery. On measures of physical and psychosocial well-being, orphans did more poorly than 87 non-orphaned classmates, perhaps reflecting the combined interaction of economic disadvantage and orphan status. Financial hardship was most severe among single orphans. Double orphans' responses suggested perceptions of isolation, lack of support and personal difference. Distress was greatest among younger orphans (<13 years). Given the importance of emotional health to child and societal development, scaled-up financial assistance should incorporate programmes to help children prepare for and recover from the loss of their parents.