Pain Response Rates After Conventional Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastases in Prospective Nonrandomized Studies: A Systematic Review

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the pain response rates after conventional radiation therapy (RT) for painful bone metastases in prospective nonrandomized studies, which better reflect daily practice than randomized controlled trials.

Effect of a Device-Free Compressed Shell Fixation Method on Hepatic Respiratory Movement: Analysis for Respiratory Amplitude of the Liver and Internal Motions of a Fiducial Marker

Purpose

Suppression of respiratory movement of the liver would be desirable for high-precision radiation therapy for liver tumors. We aimed to investigate the effect of our original device-free compressed shell fixation method and breathing instruction on suppression of respiratory movement. The characteristics of liver motion based on the movement of a fiducial marker were also analyzed.

Bowel and urinary quality of life after whole-pelvic versus prostate-only volumetric-modulated arc therapy for localized prostate cancer

Purpose

This study aimed to compare bowel and urinary health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between prostate-only (PO) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and whole-pelvis (WP) VMAT in patients with localized prostate cancer.

Comprehensive Review of Cranial Chordomas Using National Databases in the USA

AimsThe management of cranial chordomas is controversial. We provide a comprehensive review of the evolving patterns of care of cranial chordomas in the USA.Materials and methodsWe analysed the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2014 for clinical characteristics and long-term survival, and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) dataset between 2005 and 2016 for perioperative characteristics and surgical morbidity.ResultsIn total, 936 patients were identified from the NCDB, 405 patients from SEER and 64 patients from the NSQIP. Most patients were men (56.2, 54.8 and 57.8% in NCDB, SEER and NSQIP, respectively) and White (80.9 and 83.2% in NCDB and SEER, respectively). Surgery was the preferred treatment modality (87.3% in NCDB and 86.2% in SEER). Surgery was carried out alone (41.8% in NCDB and 40.7% in SEER) or in combination with radiation (42.1% in NCDB and 45.4% in SEER). Proton therapy was the most common type of radiation (32.2% in NCDB), particularly after 2011. The median operative time, median hospital length and postoperative morbidity were significantly higher in chordoma patients compared with patients who underwent other skull-base procedures. The 5-year survival rate was 79.8% in NCDB and 76.9% in SEER. There was a trend towards longer survival in patients receiving surgery and radiation, which has been increasingly used since 2004. Patients younger than 60 years had a decreased risk of mortality.ConclusionsOur analysis reflects patterns of care in the USA. The use of surgery and radiation is increasing, with a trend towards longer survival. Surgery is complicated with long operative time, hospital stay and a higher rate of complications.     

Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life of Induction Chemotherapy Compared With Concurrent Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

AimsOrgan preservation, an important goal in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), may include induction chemotherapy and cisplatin with radiation therapy (CRT). To our knowledge, no reports have directly compared the impact of induction chemotherapy with that of CRT on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).Materials and methodsIn a phase II trial, we assessed the HRQOL of patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by CRT. Eligible patients had stage III–IV HNSCC. HRQOL questionnaires were administered at baseline, the end of induction (EOI), the end of CRT (EOCRT) and after CRT. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT version 4) assessed HRQOL. We carried out a comparison of changes in HRQOL from baseline to EOI and from EOI to EOCRT. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01566435).ResultsThirty patients were enrolled in the study. Most HRQOL questionnaires were completed (88%). The mean total FACT scores did not differ from baseline to EOI (general: 83.8 versus 79.1, P = 0.08; head and neck: 109.7 versus 105.8, P = 0.33; Total Outcome Index: 69.7 versus 62.3, P = 0.03; respectively, using P ≤ 0.01 to adjust for multiple simultaneous tests of differences). However, total FACT scores significantly worsened from EOI to EOCRT (79.1 versus 62.3, P = 0.01; 105.8 versus 74.2, P < 0.01; 62.3 versus 34.2, P = 0.01; respectively). Within domains, the head and neck cancer subscale score did not differ from baseline to EOI (median 28.5 versus 27.0, P = 0.69), but significantly worsened from EOI to EOCRT (27.0 versus 9.5, P < 0.01). Swallowing, oral pain and voice quality improved from baseline to EOI, but worsened from EOI to EOCRT. Physical and functional scores worsened from baseline to EOI and from EOI to EOCRT. The emotional well-being score improved from baseline to EOI but worsened from EOI to EOCRT.ConclusionsOverall, HRQOL did not significantly change from baseline to EOI but dramatically worsened from EOI to EOCRT.     

Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTTI and GSTP1 and nasopharyngeal cancer in the east of China: a case-control study

Aim: The study was performed to assess the potential role of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer in Chinese population. Method: We collected 182 cases undergoing pathologic examination and 366 controls from the affiliated hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from April 2006 to July 2010. Genotyping was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reactions with the PCR-CTPP method. Results: More smokers were found in NPC patients than controls, and a higher IgA/VCA+ . Individuals carrying null GSTM1 and GSTT1 had 1.76 and 2.01 fold risk of NPC when compared with non-null genotypes, respectively. A non-significant increase risk of NPC was found in individuals with 1b/1b genotype when compared with 1a/1a genotype (OR=1.32, 95%CI=0.60-2.94). When compared with non-null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes, the combination of null/null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes showed moderate increased risk of NPC (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.74-5.08). Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that genetic deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may contribute to increased susceptibility to NPC in Chinese population, while GSTP1 may not. Our findings provide information relevant to the prevention of NPC.     

抑制MTAl对雌二醇调控ER阳性乳腺癌细胞MMP-9、TIMP-1表达的影响

目的：观察转移相关蛋白1（ Metastasis associated protein 1,MTA1）在雌激素调控雌激素受体（Estrogen Recepto,ER）阳性乳腺癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶－9（Matrix metalloproteinase －9,MMP－9）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（ Tissue inhibitor of metalprotease －1,TIMP－1）中的可能作用。方法采用慢病毒转染MTA1－shRNA的方法建立特异性抑制MTA1表达的MCF－7模式细胞株。采用10 nM雌二醇（17β－estradiol,E2）处理细胞48 h,Real－time PCR、Western blot分别检测MMP－9、TIMP－1 mRNA与蛋白表达。结果 MTA1－shRNA最大抑制效率为84．9％,提示成功建立了抑制MTA1表达的MCF－7模式细胞株（MCF－7MTA1－shRNA）。 MCF－7野生株（MCF－7WT）在E2处理后MMP－9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别上升了46％（P＜0．05）和37％（P＜0．05）,TIMP－1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别降低了32．3％（P＜0．05）和18．2％（P＜0．05）;相对MCF－7WT,MCF－7MTA1－shRNA MMP－9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别降低了42．9％（P＜0．05）和36．7％（P＜0．05）,TIMP－1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平未见显著变化;采用E2处理MCF－7MTA1－shRNA后,MMP－9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平未见明显变化,TIMP－1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别降低了25．4％（P＜0．05）和32．2％（P＜0．05）。结论 MTA1在雌激素上调ER阳性乳腺癌细胞MMP－9表达的信号转导通路中可能发挥重要作用,但未参与雌激素调控ER阳性乳腺癌细胞TIMP－1表达的信号转导通路。     

DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms at XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD,and OGG1 Loci in the Hyderabad Population of India

Background: DNA repair is one of the crucial defense mechanism against mutagenic exposure. Inherited SNPs of DNA repair genes may contribute to variation in DNA repair capacity and susceptibility to cancer. Due to thepresence of these variants, inter-individual and ethnic differences in DNA repair capacity have been established in various populations. India harbors enormous genetic and cultural diversity. Materials and Methods: In the present study we aimed to determine the genotypes and allele frequencies of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487), XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539), XPD Lys751Gln (rs13181), and OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133) gene polymorphisms in 186 healthy individuals residing in the Hyderabad region of India and to compare them with HapMap and otherpopulations. Results and Conclusions: The genotype and allele frequency distribution at the four DNA repairgene loci among Hyderabad population of India revealed a characteristic pattern. Comparison of these genepolymorphisms with other populations revealed a distinctiveness of Hyderabad population from the Deccanregion of India. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such DNA repair gene polymorphisms inthe Deccan Indian population.     

共刺激分子4-1BBL和B7-1在人脑胶质瘤细胞中的表达

背景与目的：4-1BBL和B7-1为诱导和维持T细胞活化提供了重要的共刺激信号,目前被认为是提高抗肿瘤免疫的治疗靶点。本研究探讨4-1BBL和B7-1在7株胶质瘤细胞系表面的表达情况。方法：用流式细胞仪检测7株胶质瘤细胞株表面的共刺激分子4-1BBL和B7-1的表达,同时用MTT法分析胶质瘤细胞系对抗癌药物长春新碱（VCR）敏感性,并分析4-1BBL的表达与耐药性的相关性。结果：发现在所检测的胶质瘤细胞表面有不同程度的表达4-1BBL,但均不表达B7-1。其中T98G和MGR1细胞表面的4-1BBL表达〉30％,对VCR不敏感。UW28、SKMG1、MGR2、SF767、SKMG4细胞表面的4-1BBL表达〈10％。对VCR敏感。结论：本研究所检测的胶质瘤细胞均不表达共刺激分子B7-1。但有不同程度的表达4-1BBL,并且4-1BBL高表达的胶质瘤细胞对长春新碱敏感性差。     

4-1BB/4-1BBL在树突状细胞上的表达及其生物学意义

41BB/41BB配体（41BBL）属于肿瘤坏死因子受体/肿瘤坏死因子超家属成员,是机体特异性免疫应答中一对重要的共刺激分子，41BB/41BBL相互作用产生的共刺激信号在维持T细胞的增殖、活化及功能介导中发挥了重要作用。最新研究发现,41BB/41BBL共表达于树突状细胞（dendritic cells , DC），通过激发41BB/41BBL为DC活化提供了新的思路，进而增强DC激发T细胞的能力。因此，调节41BB/41BBL信号在以DC为主介导的肿瘤免疫中具有广阔的应用前景。     

YC-1的抗肿瘤作用研究进展

YC-1的最初研究集中在抑制血小板聚集和血管收缩方面,近年来其抗癌作用被广泛研究。研究发现YC-1抗癌作用有很多方面,包括细胞周期阻滞和诱导凋亡,抗血管生成,抗炎和抑制基质金属蛋白酶。近期的研究发现YC-1主要通过抑制HIF—1α而抑制肿瘤的生长和侵袭转移,亦有通过非HIF—1α途经抑制肿瘤生长。既有促肿瘤凋亡,又有促分化作用的YC-1呋喃吡唑类似物的新发现使YC-1及其呋喃吡唑类似物成为有潜力的抗癌药物。     

IGlutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) Polymorphisms in Cervical Cancer in Northeastern Thailand

To evaluate the relationships between genetic polymorphisms of the GSTs (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and cervicalcancer, the null genotype of each gene was studied in squamous cell cervical cancer (SCCA) patients (n=90) andcontrols (n=94) in Northeast Thailand. The prevalence of the GSTM1-null genotype in the controls and SCCApatients was 59.6% and 60.0%, respectively, whereas those of the GSTT1-null genotype in the control andSCCA patients was 40.4% and 46.7%, respectively. Neither of the GST-null genotypes increased the risk forSCCA (p>0.05); however, the combination of the GSTM-1 and GSTT1-null genotypes showed a non-significanttrend to an increased risk for developing cervical cancer with an adjusted OR of 2.7 (95%CI=0.8-9.0, p=0.10).Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were not significant risk factors for cervical cancer in eithertobacco-smokers or non-smokers. A different contribution of the GST genotype to cancer risk may be attributedto a different, as yet undefined, property of the enzymes.