Dermatology in private practice in France in 2000

OBJECTIVES: Data regarding French dermatological practice are scarce. Our objective was to identify the skin disorders most commonly diagnosed by office-based dermatologists. We also documented the severity of these skin disorders, as reflected by the repercussions on patient's everyday life, and the way physicians managed patients. DESIGN: We carried out a one-day survey of visits to a randomly selected sample of 900 French office-based dermatologists. The randomization was stratified according to the five French different dialing area codes. RESULTS: Office-based dermatologists saw 6411 patients with 7839 skin disorders during the survey. The daily number of visits to French dermatologists was estimated at 47 000 and the annual number between 12 and 14 millions. Office-based dermatologists mostly managed warts, acne, nevus, dermatitis, malignancies and pre-malignancies, fungal infection and psoriasis. Repercussions on patients'everyday life were assessed by physicians as important or very important in 28 p. 100 of cases. Half of the patients received topical treatment, 20.5 p. 100 a systemic drug and 40 p. 100 a minor surgical procedure (including cryotherapy). CONCLUSION: Although dermatologists frequently see benign skin disorders such as warts or nevus, more severe diseases represent an important part of their activity.     

Pentoxifylline in reactions in leprosy

A study was conducted to assess the response of reactions in leprosy to pentoxifylline therapy. Ten cases were studied; 8 cases had type 2 reaction and 2 cases had type 1 reaction. Pentoxifylline was given orally 400 mg three times daily. In patients with type 2 reaction, good response was observed within one week. There was near complete regression of ENL lesions within one month. Cases with type 1 reaction did not respond to pentoxifylline.     

Leukocyte migration in vivo and in vitro in patients with psoriasis

Leukocyte migration in vivo was studied with a skin chamber technique in 21 patients with active psoriasis vulgaris and 18 with cleared psoriasis vulgaris. Measuring over 24 h, no difference was found between healthy volunteers and most patients with active psoriasis, although a subgroup of patients with long-lasting relapses showed subnormal migration values. In patients with cleared psoriasis on the other hand the in vivo leukocyte migration values were increased. In addition, leukocyte migration in vitro under agarose was studied, but no difference was found between healthy controls and patients with psoriasis, active or cleared.     

Facial involvement in scabies in infancy

The infestation of a 3-month-old child with Sarcoptes scabiei by way of infested nipples during the breast-feeding period led initially to facial papules and later to generalized dermatitis. Scabies mites were not detected on the face; studies on ten infested babies in India supported this findings. Thus, direct antiscabies treatment to the face is not necessary in babies.     

Progress in Malassezia Research in Korea

Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are part of the normal flora of human skin. However, they are also associated with various skin diseases. Since the introduction of Malassezia to the Korean Dermatologic Society two decades ago, remarkable progress has been made in our knowledge of this genus. In this paper, we review recent developments in Malassezia research, including taxonomy and methods for species identification, recent genome analyses, Malassezia species distribution in healthy conditions and in specific skin diseases, trials investigating the mechanisms underlying Malassezia-related diseases, as well as therapeutic options. This review will enhance our understanding of Malassezia yeasts and related skin diseases in Korea.     

Distribution of fodrin in the keratinocyte in vivo and in vitro

Distribution of fodrin in the keratinocyte, both in vivo and in vitro, was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. In the rat epidermis in vivo, fodrin was localized in the cell periphery of the spinous layer of all the skins studied. In only the basal layer of the thick skin, however, fodrin was seen intensely in the cytoplasm. As in vitro keratinocytes, a mouse cell line (Pam 212) cultured in low (0.06 mM) as well as standard (1.87 mM) Ca2+ was examined. In low Ca2+, fodrin was observed throughout the cytoplasm without marked accumulation irrespective of the cell density. The cytoplasmic labeling in low Ca2+ looked filamentous and became aggregated when cells were treated with cytochalasin B; at least some of the aggregates coexisted with those of F-actin. In contrast, fodrin distribution was not affected with colchicine. On the other hand, in standard Ca2+, the protein became concentrated along the cell periphery and less conspicuous in the cytoplasm as the cells reached confluency. When cells were transferred from low to standard Ca2+, the distribution of fodrin changed accordingly within 180 min. The present results indicate that fodrin in the keratinocyte is likely to be associated with actin filaments and that it takes two different ways of distribution both in vivo and in vitro. The peripheral and the cytoplasmic labeling of in vivo and in vitro cells are likely to correspond. It may be that fodrin changes its localization according to the cell's proliferative activity.     

Absenteeism in leprosy patients in a rural area in Tamil Nadu

Of the 3382 leprosy patients taking treatment in Hemerijckx Rural Centre Area, 150 randomly selected patients, who were irregular for treatment, were matched with 150 patients who were regular for treatment, by age, sex and type of disease. The characteristics and the reasons for regularity/irregularity in treatment of these 300 patients were studied. There were more Lepromatous patients (20%) among regulars. A greater proportion of irregulars belonged to backward (54%) and scheduled castes (35%). The proportion of irregulars were more (32%) in the initial phase of the disease. There were more irregular patients among the illiterate group (61%). The knowledge of the irregular patients about early sign, causation, spread, curability and duration of treatment were found to be lacking. The clinic timing was unsuitable for 33% of irregular patients. 23% of irregulars experienced some intolerance to DDS. When 94% of regulars attended clinic in order that they may be 'cured', 63% of irregulars stayed away because of 'work'.     

Ocular changes in reactions in leprosy

A study of ocular changes in reactions in leprosy was undertaken to assign these changes, their proper place in the wide spectrum of ocular morbidity in leprosy. 76.1% of eyes of Type I reaction and 89.7% of eyes with Type II reaction showed some ocular involvement. Corneal hypoaesthesia, superficial punctate keratitis, a decrease of corneal film break up time (BUT), prominent corneal nerves, pigment on the endothelium of the cornea and a pigmented trabecular meshwork were the common ocular findings. The incidence of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions was low (8.1%). The significance of the ocular involvement in reactions in leprosy and the pathogenesis of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions is discussed.     

Leprosy survey in industries in Bombay

Population surveys for leprosy in industrial cities like Bombay revealed that about 60% of adult subjects especially males could be examined. The fact that the prevalence rate of leprosy particularly multibacillary type is much higher in this segment of population as compared to other groups indicates the importance of examining this population at their workspot like industries. 22287 industrial workers were examined for leprosy by paramedical auxiliaries in their establishments and 270 leprosy cases were detected (P.R. 12/1000). However, only 13 multibacillary cases (P.R. 0.5/1000) could be unearthed. 12 patients were with grade II and above. 184 (83%) were untreated. 161 (60%) patients reported for treatment. With available resources, case holding of patients who are not within the control area of the project becomes a challenging job for paramedical workers though large number of leprosy cases are detected amongst industrial workers. If industrial management arranges treatment for leprosy patients without dislocating them from their service, the pool of infection in the urban community will be reduced and can contribute tremendously towards urban leprosy control programme.     

Hand dermatitis in beauticians in India

One hundred and sixty-one beauticians and hairdressers (146 women and 15 men) were examined for the presence of hand dermatitis and those with hand eczema were patch tested with a battery of antigens standardised for beauticians. Forty-two (26.1%) subjects were found to have hand dermatitis and of these, in 31 (69.3%) the patch tests were positive; the following antigens elicited a positive response; paraphenylene diamine (35.5%), rubber antigens (22.6%), nickel (22.6%), shampoos (12.9%), ammonium thioglycollate (9.7%), ammonium persulphate (3.2%), henna mixture (3.2%) and detergents (6.5%). In addition, irritant reaction was seen in 7; in 5 patients it was to shampoos and in 2 to ammonium persulphate. Of the 8 patients who, on questioning, had a history of atopy, 7 (87.5%) had hand eczema, while 1 (12.5%) did not, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001), suggesting that beauticians with a history of atopy were more likely to develop hand eczema.