复方聚乙二醇电解质散联合二甲硅油散在结肠镜肠道准备中的应用观察

[目的]研究复方聚乙二醇联合二甲硅油在结肠镜检查前肠道准备的清洁度、耐受性及不良反应。[方法]选择360例行结肠镜诊治患者,随机分为3组。A组在结肠镜检查前服用复方聚乙二醇电解质散3盒+二甲硅油散1盒,B组在结肠镜检查前服用复方聚乙二醇电解质散3盒,C组在结肠镜检查前服用甘露醇250ml,分别观察3组患者肠道清洁度、肠腔气泡程度及不良反应等。[结果]肠道清洁度:A组91.6%,B组93.3%,C组75.8%,A组、B组肠道清洁有效率均明显优于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),A组与B组肠道清洁有效率相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。视野清晰度:A组92.5%,B组55.0%,C组56.7%;A组肠腔内气泡明显少于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),B组与C组视野清晰度相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不良反应A组20.8%,B组30.0%,C组48.3%,A组、B组不良反应发生率均低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]复方聚乙二醇联合二甲硅油肠道准备效果好,不良反应少,安全有效。     

乳果糖和聚乙二醇电解质散联合应用在结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的价值

[目的]对比分析乳果糖口服液联合聚乙二醇电解质散Ⅰ或Ⅳ与单用聚乙二醇电解质散Ⅰ或Ⅳ进行肠道准备的效果差异。[方法]采用随机对照方式,将300例拟行结肠镜检查者分为以下4组,试验①组74例(服用乳果糖口服液和聚乙二醇电解质散Ⅰ)和对照①组75例(单纯服用聚乙二醇电解质散Ⅰ),以及试验②组75例(服用乳果糖口服液和聚乙二醇电解质散Ⅳ)和对照②组76例(单纯服用聚乙二醇电解质散Ⅳ)。[结果]经波士顿肠道准备评分量表评分,试验①组、对照①组分别为(7.14±0.68)分、(6.21±1.13)分,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);试验②组、对照②组分别为(7.05±0.78)分、(6.13±1.06)分,2组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P=0.000)。到达回盲部所用时间,试验①组为(8.50±1.74)min,对照①组为(9.42±1.90)min,2组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.223);试验②组为(8.70±1.63)min,对照②组为(9.31±1.58)min,2组间差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.241)。大肠息肉检出率:试验①组22.97%,对照①组18.67%,2组比较差异无统计学意义P=0.255);但试验①组息肉直径≤0.5 cm者检出率显著高于对照①组(P=0.032);大肠息肉检出率:试验②组25.33%,对照②组19.74%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.286);但试验②组息肉直径≤0.5 cm者检出率显著高于对照②组(P=0.037)。试验组与对照组的不良反应比较差异亦无统计学意义。[结论]在结肠镜检查前的肠道准备中,联用乳果糖口服液和聚乙二醇电解质散比单用聚乙二醇电解质,可以明显改善患者的肠道准备效果,提高小息肉的检出率,且安全性好、经济实用。     

温灸法对脾肾阳虚型便秘患者肠道准备的临床观察

[目的]通过观察温灸法对于脾肾阳虚型便秘患者结肠镜检查前的肠道准备清洁效果有效性,探讨温灸法在脾肾阳虚型便秘患者肠道准备中应用的可行性。[方法]将61例需行结肠镜检查并符合脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘患者,在肠道清洁前随机分为2组,分别采用口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散法(对照组)、温灸法联合口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散法(治疗组),进行术前肠道准备。观察首次排气排便时间、粪便达到无渣程度所需时间、肠镜检查中肠道清洁程度(I-III级)评价肠道清洁效果。[结果]1对照组与治疗组在首次排便排气时间上差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2治疗组粪便达无渣程度所需时间优于对照组(P0.05);3治疗组肠道清洁程度明显优于对照组(P0.01)。[结论]温灸法能够缩短脾肾阳虚型便秘患者肠道准备达到无渣程度所需时间,提高肠道清洁程度。     

利那洛肽联合2L聚乙二醇电解质散在肠道准备中的应用价值

目的 探讨利那洛肽联合分次小剂量聚乙二醇电解质散(polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder, PEG)在结肠镜检查肠道准备中的应用价值。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究,纳入2023年2月至2023年7月于襄阳市中心医院消化内科住院行结肠镜检查的221名患者,随机分为3组,A组采用2L PEG,B组采用580μg利那洛肽+2L PEG,C组为对照组采用3L PEG,PEG均是分次剂量服用方案。比较三组的肠道清洁度(BBPS评分)、病变检出率、首次排便间隔时间及总排便次数、不良反应发生率、患者服药完成度等指标。结果 B组在回肠末端、右半结肠、全结肠总评分上肠道清洁效果均优于A组[(1.90±0.46)分VS (1.64±0.42)分、(1.84±0.35)分VS(1.58±0.46)分、(6.70±0.92)分VS (6.24±0.98)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组与C组,在不同肠段以及全结肠总评分上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05) B组、C组BBPS评分高于A组[总评分(6.70±0.92)、(6.75±0.86)VS(...     

复方聚乙二醇电解质散在内镜检查肠道准备中的应用价值

目的观察复方聚乙二醇电解质散在结肠镜检查前中的清洁效果、不良反应以及病人满意度。方法将267例大肠癌患者随机分为2组,口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散（A组）138例,口服磷酸钠盐口服液组（B组）129例;同时对比2种肠道准备方法患者肠道清洁效果、不良反应及病人的满意情况。结果 A组的肠道准备方法的清洁度效果最佳,且不良反应轻,病人满意度高。结论复方聚乙二醇电解质散口服溶液是一种安全、有效、易被患者接受的肠道准备方法。     

增液承气汤在老年患者结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用

[目的]探讨增液承气汤在老年患者结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的效果和安全性。[方法]110例接受肠镜检查的患者随机分为A、B组,A组口服增液承气汤,B组口服聚乙二醇电解质散,观察2组服药过程中排便情况、肠腔清洗效果及不适症状。[结果]A组患者清肠显效率为69.1%,与B组(67.3%)相当。A组患者服药到初次排便时间、服药到排便结束时间及初次排便到排便结束时间均明显低于B组。A组中3例出现腹痛,5例出现一过性腹胀,无呕吐患者。B组中5例出现呕吐,8例出现腹胀,2例出现腹痛。[结论]老年患者结肠镜检查前肠道准备中应用增液承气汤安全有效,准备时间短,与聚乙二醇电解质散比较,各有优缺点,可取长补短,发挥各自的优势。     

复方聚乙二醇电解质散不同给药方式对上午行结肠镜检查患者肠道准备效果的临床观察及分析

目的观察复方聚乙二醇电解质散(polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder,PEG-EP)不同给药方式对上午行结肠镜检查患者的肠道准备效果及耐受性。方法将我院消化内科收治的拟行结肠镜检查的144例患者随机分为A、B、C三组,A组患者于结肠镜检查前1 d晚上一次性给予2 L复方聚乙二醇电解质溶液,B组患者于结肠镜检查当日早上一次性给予2 L复方聚乙二醇电解质溶液,C组患者分别于结肠镜检查前一晚及结肠镜检查当日早上各给予1 L复方聚乙二醇电解质溶液进行肠道准备。对比分析三组患者肠道准备清洁度、不良反应发生率、睡眠干扰情况、重复检查意愿及回盲部插镜率。结果 A、B、C三组患者的肠道准备有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),但三组患者肠道准备效果的I级率比较,C组明显高于A、B组(P 0. 05); C组患者不良反应发生率低于A、B两组(P 0. 05),且C组患者睡眠干扰较A、B两组低(P 0. 05),患者依从性好,其中A、C两组患者重复检查意愿高于B组(P 0. 05)。结论复方聚乙二醇电解质散小剂量分次给药法用于结肠镜前肠道准备,相较于单次大剂量给药法,可获得相当的肠道准备有效率及回盲部插镜率,但肠道准备质量I级率较高,且患者不良反应发生率低,睡眠干扰小,患者重复检查意愿高。     

大承气汤和聚乙二醇电解质散联用对慢性便秘患者清肠疗效观察

[目的]探讨大承气汤与复方聚乙二醇电解质散联用对慢性便秘患者进行结肠镜检查清肠效果.[方法]将116例拟行结肠镜检查的慢性便秘患者随机纳入治疗组与对照组.治疗组在结肠镜检查前1d服用大承气汤1剂,检查当天服用复方聚乙二醇电解质散;对照组仅检查当天服用复方聚乙二醇电解质散.分别记录2组患者大便清澈时间、大便次数、服药过程中的不良反应程度以及由内镜操作医师评估肠道准备情况.[结果]治疗组患者大便清澈时间短于对照组(P＜0.05)、清肠效果明显优于对照组(P＜0.05),但2组患者排便次数及不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]对慢性便秘患者进行结肠镜检查肠道准备,大承气汤与复方聚乙二醇电解质散联用较单用复方聚乙二醇电解质散,可以缩短患者大便清澈时间,并能提高肠道准备效果.     

伊托必利在结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用

目的 观察伊托必利在结肠镜检查前肠道清洁准备中的应用效果.方法 选取门诊和住院的患者198例,随机分为复方聚乙二醇电解质散组和复方聚乙二醇电解质散联合伊托必利组,观察结肠镜检查前肠道准备的情况.结果 两组患者肠道准备总有效率复方聚乙二醇电解质散组85.0%、伊托必利组93.9%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);伊托必利组服用药物后不良反应低于复方聚乙二醇电解质散组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 复方聚乙二醇电解质散联合伊托必利肠道准备疗效优于单用复方聚乙二醇电解质散者.     

不同剂量西甲硅油行结肠镜检查术前肠道准备的效果分析

目的探讨结肠镜检查术前使用不同剂量西甲硅油的肠道准备效果。方法150例结肠镜检查患者随机分成3组,各组50例,A．组使用复方聚乙二醇电解质散＋西甲硅油5ml进行肠道准备,A：组使用复方聚乙二醇电解质散＋西甲硅油10ml进行肠道准备,B组（对照组）单纯使用复方聚乙二醇电解质散进行肠道准备,比较各组在肠道清洁程度、祛泡效果、结肠镜检查操作时间、操作者对结肠镜检查的满意度以及患者对结肠镜检查的耐受程度方面存在的差异。结果A,组、A：组和B组祛泡满意率分别为98．0％（49／50）、100．0％（50／50）和80．0％（40／50）,各组比较差异有统计学意义（x^2=17．855,P=0．000）。而各组在肠道清洁满意率（x^2=1．500,P=0．472）、结肠镜检查平均操作时间（Z=-0．333,P=0．765）、操作者对结肠镜检查的满意度（x^2=6．303,P=0．178）以及患者对结肠镜检查的耐受程度（x^2=8．238,P=0．083）方面差异无统计学意义。结论结肠镜检查术前肠道准备中常规使用复方聚乙二醇电解质散的同时联合使用西甲硅油,在不明显影响肠道清洁程度和患者术中耐受程度的前提下,可显著提高祛泡效果,5ml西甲硅油的剂量基本可以满足临床祛泡需要,而10ml剂量的祛泡效果更好。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.