重度放烧复合伤大鼠创面处理的实验研究

本文用不同方法对重度放烧复台伤大鼠创面进行了处理。结果显示, 伤后24小时植自体皮、异体皮或伍加输血时, 30天活存率和胸腺及脾细胞功能的恢复程度, 均显著高于对照组, 也高于单给Zn(SD)₂保痴或AgSD及zn(sD)₂保痂植皮组。但伤后7天植皮的动物25天内全部死亡。伤后1天, 痂下和内脏均未捡出细菌, 3～15天, 对照组内脏检出率随痴下增加而升高, 但24小时植皮组仅创面检出2例。这说明伤后24小时切痂植皮时效果最好, 主要因及早消除创面, 使感染减轻、免疫功能改善而有利于提高疗效。但极期应严禁切痂植皮。     

羊胎盘免疫调节因子对 60Co γ射线致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞免疫功能的促进作用

目的 研究羊胎盘免疫调节因子对⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射所致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞功能的影响。方法 5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线一次性全身照射建立BALB/c小鼠免疫损伤动物模型,MTT法测定ConA 诱导的T淋巴细胞的增殖反应;直接免疫荧光抗体标记,FACS分析测定脾淋巴细胞CD₃、CD₄、CD₈阳性细胞百分率、胸腺淋巴细胞CD₄ CD₈亚群细胞数目;ELISA法检测血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平。结果 羊胎盘免疫调节因子显著促进ConA 诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖,提高⁶⁰Co γ射线所致免疫损伤小鼠CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺和CD₈⁺阳性细胞百分率及胸腺细胞CD₄⁺ CD₈^-和CD₄^- CD₈⁺单阳性亚群数目,减少胸腺细胞CD₄⁺ CD₈⁺双阳性亚群数目,促进小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ的生成水平。结论 羊胎盘免疫调节因子对⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射所致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞免疫功能具有促进作用。     

单次X射线全身照射后小鼠免疫学参数的剂量效应关系

本文报道C57BL/6小鼠受0.5～6.0GyX射线全身照射后各主要免疫学参数的变化及其动力学观察。结果发现,照后24小时检测,脾细胞对ConA和LPS反应D₃₇,分别为1.6和0.65Gy;脾细胞Il-2形成的D₃₇为2.53Gy;根据4.0Gy照射后不同时间脾细胞Il-2形成及脾细胞对ConA和LPS的反应,测得抑制效应在照后12～96小时最显著,其中以对LPS的反应抑制较深,恢复较慢。说明脾脏淋巴细胞中B细胞的放射敏感性高于T细胞。     

放烧复合伤及其神经内分泌治疗

放射复合伤多发生于核事故、核战争及核恐怖袭击中,受到国内外的高度重视^[1-2]。放烧复合伤(即放射损伤合并烧伤)是其中最为常见的一种,在发病早期即表现出复杂的病理改变,最主要的特征是造血功能障碍、免疫调节紊乱、胃肠道功能受损、烧伤创面的延迟愈合和急性炎性反应^[3]。在整个放烧复合伤(尤其是重度及以上放烧复合伤)病程中,各个病理发生环节之间的交互影响使得病情逐渐加重和恶化,同时也使放烧复合伤的治疗变得极为棘手,迫切需要寻找新的有效的治疗方法。因此,通过调节神经内分泌系统来达到治疗目的的方法就应运而生。本文就此方面的研究进展作一简述。     

复合洋参多糖制剂对放射性免疫功能低下小鼠的影响

本文报告了复合洋参多糖免疫增强剂对放射性免疫功能低下小鼠的影响,结果显示:(1)该中药制剂可增加NK缨庭活性;(2)增加T淋巴细胞T₄百分率及T₄/T₈比值;(3)升高自身非特异性免疫反应．促进放射性免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能恢复．作者认为,复合洋参多糖是—种有效的免疫功能增强剂,它具有改善放射性免疫功能低下时免疫功能的效应．     

1.5Gy X射线全身照射对小鼠胸腺细胞CD、CD4、CD8分子表达及

采用单克隆抗体免疫荧光技术,流式细胞术检测,观察了1.5GyX射线单次全身照射(剂量率0.286Gy/min)对小鼠胸腺细胞CD₃分子表达的影响,及胸腺细胞亚群和细胞周期的变化。结果表明,中等剂量照射后,胸腺细胞CD₃分子的百分率明显增高,胸腺细胞CD₃阳性细胞比例为对照组的177.61%.同时,胸腺中CD₄⁺及CD₈⁺细胞比例亦显着增加,分别为对照的202.5%及165.87%.然而,胸腺中CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺细胞的比例显着降低,为对照组的68.28%,与此同时,胸腺细胞周期中S期细胞比例明显降低,为对照组的55.14%.     

血管内皮生长因子转基因治疗小鼠辐射损伤的实验研究

目的 通过构建血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因的真核表达质粒,并将其转入受照小鼠机体,研究VEGF蛋白表达对放射损伤的救治作用及其分子机制。方法 昆明种小鼠通过随机化分组表法随机分为正常对照组、单纯照射组和转基因组。转基因组应用VEGF重组质粒进行肌肉注射,注射后24 h接受8 Gy X射线照射,进行小鼠临床表现和死亡率观察。并于照后不同时间处死动物,进行组织器官病理学和原位胸腺和脾细胞凋亡检测。结果 用PCR方法从pSP73/H_VEGF165质粒扩增得到VEGF₁₆₅基因片段,经双酶切后与酶切的pcDNA3.1载体连接,构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1/ VEGF₁₆₅,经电泳和测序表明序列与GeneBank完全一致。X射线8 Gy照射小鼠,单纯照射组14 d内死亡率为64%,而转基因组为36%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.92,P＜0.05)。转基因组小鼠胸腺和脾组织的细胞凋亡率显著降低(t=3.11、3.53,P＜0.05),放射病理损伤明显改善。结论 成功构建了重组质粒pcDNA3.1/ VEGF₁₆₅,重组质粒转基因治疗可显著降低严重辐射损伤小鼠的死亡率,显著减低胸腺和脾脏细胞凋亡率,明显改善免疫器官的病理变化。     

大鼠脾淋巴细胞在体内移行和归巢的辐射效应

本文采用放射性核素⁵¹Cr及³H-UR标记淋巴细胞的方法,通过γ计数测量及放射白显影技术观察了不同剂量⁶⁰Coγ线对Wistar大鼠脾淋巴细胞在体内移行和归巢的影响。结果表明:(1)在注射后2小时,受照淋巴细胞异常地堆积在肝脏和肺,而归巢到肠系膜淋巴结(MLN)和回肠的数量显著减少。(2)注射后24小时,受照淋巴细胞的侈行能力进一步下降,具体表现在分布到肝和肺的数量增加以外,在脾脏出现显著性堆积,而归巢到MLN和回肠的数量继续减少。(3)组织切片的放射自显影提示,受照淋巴细胞迁侈进入脾脏和MLN的特定区域的能力明显降低,在B细胞区标记细胞数量的减少比T细胞区更显著。     

吸入239PuO2对肺损伤效应的研究

本研究选用了806只Wistar大鼠(实验组584只,对照组222只)观察了吸入²³⁹PuO₂(初始肺负荷O.38～12.6kBq,AMADl.1～1.4μm,o_gl.9)后在呼吸道中的沉积与廓清规律,²³⁹PuO₂所致肺癌的量效关系及其组织学特征； 肺巨噬细胚(PAM).肺天然杀伤细胞(NK)及肺泡I型细胞(AT-I)在α粒子作用下功能与形状学改变。结果表明；大鼠终生肺癌的危险度岁,2162/10⁶火鼠·cGy,芏332例8种类型肺癌中以腺癌、鳞癌为主,同时观察到一例胸淋巴结的原发性血管肉瘤。PAM核受到1.0Gy照射后,细胞增殖功能受抑,非特异吞噬功能降低约需大于2.2Gy.在初始肺负荷量4.O～12.9kBq时,NK细胞对YAC-1肿瘤细胞的杀伤活力有下降趋势。通过微剂量学、体视学的研究,证实AT-I细胞可能是α粒子诱发肺癌的靶细胞之一,在初始肺负荷量为250～733Bq时,即可观察到细胞分化程度的下降。文中还对²³⁹PuO₂诱发人肺癌的危险度进行了讨论。     

维生素D对不同剂量X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的保护作用

目的 观察维生素D对不同剂量X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 将小鼠采用随机数字表法分为5组:健康对照组、2 Gy和5 Gy照射组、2 Gy+药物(维生素D)组和5 Gy+药物(维生素D)组。给药组小鼠在不同剂量X射线照射后,连续7 d腹腔注射6 IU维生素D[1,25(OH)₂D₃]/g体重,于给药后第8天,5组小鼠均处死。测定小鼠体重、胸腺和脾脏指数,ConA诱导的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力,ELISA法检测脾细胞IL-2的分泌量。结果 与健康对照组相比,2和5 Gy照射组小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力、脾细胞IL-2的分泌量均显著降低(F=36.20、7.13,P<0.05);与2 Gy照射组相比,2 Gy+药物组小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力均显著增高(t=-2.54、-2.24、-2.84,P<0.05);与5 Gy照射组相比,5 Gy+药物组小鼠的胸腺指数、脾细胞IL-2的分泌量显著增高(t=-5.02、-2.64,P<0.05)。结论 维生素D能够改善受照小鼠的免疫功能,但随照射剂量增大,改善作用减弱。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

胎龄和日龄对新生儿局部脑血流的影响

目的探讨胎龄及日龄对新生儿局部脑血流(rCBF)变化的影响及规律.方法对早产儿组、足月早期新生儿组、足月晚期新生儿组进行99Tcm-双半胱乙酯(ECD)SPECT脑血流灌注断层显像,并作半定量分析和读片分析.结果早产儿组原始感觉运动区和枕叶rCBF低于足月早期新生儿组(P<0.05),显著低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.01),其额叶中份、顶叶rCBF也低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.05),其余各叶皮质rCBF随胎龄和日龄的增大有增加趋势.早产儿组脑血流显像图与足月早期新生儿组和晚期新生儿组比较有明显差异.结论早产儿与足月儿rCBF的变化可能与新生儿大脑皮质相应区域发育成熟度和时间顺序有关.     

Radiological strategy in acute stroke in children

The aim of the study was to estimate the preponderance of patterns of pediatric stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, their etiologies and the correct diagnostic protocol for acute management.Forty-one consecutive pediatric patients (age range 5-16 years) with an acute stroke observed in acute phase during a 10-year period, were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-three patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3 cases were studied by computed tomography (CT) without MRI, and 15 underwent both CT and MRI studies. In 9 cases, intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) was performed after non-invasive preliminary assessment.Seventeen hemorrhagic (41%) and 24 ischemic (59%) strokes were found. Among hemorrhagic forms, 5 cases were due to arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 7 to cavernoma, and 2 to aneurysm. Among ischemic forms, 2 were due to sickle-cell disease, 1 to hyperomocysteinemia, 1 to moyamoya syndrome, 1 to pseudoxantoma elasticum, 3 to prothrombotic state, 1 to Fabry's disease, 1 concomitant with CO intoxication, 5 to venous sinus thrombosis, and 4 to cardio-embolic state. Etiology remains unknown in 8 cases (20.5%).This study shows a moderate prevalence of ischemic over hemorrhagic strokes. Moreover, personal experience suggests that MRI is always more informative than CT and in selected cases should be the first-choice examination in the acute phase.