基于聚集诱导发光的多肽荧光探针的制备及其在早期龋齿检测中的应用

目的:制备基于聚集诱导发光的多肽荧光探针,并对其在早期龋齿检测中的应用进行探讨。方法:将8个天冬氨酸-丝氨酸-丝氨酸(DSS)与聚集诱导发光材料结合制备多肽荧光探针,体外建立人工脱矿模型,将样本浸泡于多肽荧光探针溶液中1 min,应用荧光成像系统对牙齿样本进行检测并收集图像和荧光数据。同时应用扫描电镜观察牙齿的表型,电子显微镜检测牙齿釉质表面钙磷比,偏光显微镜观察牙齿釉质区域。结果:多肽荧光探针处理区域明显可以观察到脱矿牙齿的荧光强度低于正常牙齿,且差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。扫描电镜显示脱矿组的牙釉质表面可见较多不规则孔隙;未脱矿组的牙釉质表面较为表面平坦,可见一些不规则的片状物堆积。偏振光显微镜结果显示正常牙齿的釉质区域可以观察到明显的双折射,而脱矿牙齿的釉质区域可以观察到一道黑色区域,或是双折射效应消失,可见部分黑色暗影。 结论:制备了一种基于聚集诱导发光的多肽荧光探针,其能够精准定位牙釉质,在早期龋齿检测中具有一定的应用价值。     

镧系荧光探针在生物学与医学中的应用

镧系荧光探针在生物学与医学中的应用杨频，杨斌盛，慈云祥，杨燕生（山西大学分子科学研究所，太原０３０００６）在水溶液中只有铽（Ⅲ）和铕（Ⅲ）是发荧光的￣［１］，铽（Ⅲ）和铕（Ⅲ）ｆ电子的激发可由直接激发和间接激发实现，４８８ｎｍ的激光光源可使铽（Ⅲ）发...     

荧光分子成像的探针技术及其应用

近几年,随着生物和基因技术的发展,荧光探针的获取手段越来越丰富.荧光探针的发展使得荧光分子成像技术及其应用备受关注.借助于荧光探针,可以对目标分子、蛋白质、基因等特异性成像,从而实现分子、蛋白、基因等的精确定位与分析,进一步实现疾病的早期诊断与治疗.主要对荧光分子成像技术中用到的荧光探针技术以及在生物医学领域的应用进行概述.     

近红外二区荧光探针在宫颈癌成像与治疗中的应用

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,早期、有效的诊断与治疗对提高患者生存率及生活质量具有重要意义。荧光成像已被广泛应用于癌症的早期检测,但由于光在深层组织内传播时,受穿透深度和散射的影响,不利于实现深层组织高清成像。近红外二区（near-infrared-Ⅱ,NIR-Ⅱ;900～1 700nm）成像技术与近红外一区（near-infrared-Ⅰ,NIR-Ⅰ;760～900 nm）成像技术相比,具备更高的信噪比和对比度、更低的自发荧光和更高的空间分辨率,是当前光学、生物医学等多学科的研究热点,非常适合宫颈癌的高质量荧光成像。高质量的荧光成像需要借助良好的荧光探针来精确定位肿瘤组织及其边界并监测治疗过程。目前已开发了一系列基于有机和无机材料的NIR-Ⅱ荧光探针。本文概述了几种典型的NIR-Ⅱ荧光探针及其辅助的NIR-Ⅱ荧光成像技术在宫颈癌成像及治疗方面的应用。     

量子点探针辅助的近红外荧光成像技术在肿瘤显影中的应用

肿瘤早期检测是精准并高效诊疗癌症的关键因素。荧光成像技术凭借其高灵敏度、高时空分辨率、无电离辐射和无创实时成像等优点,在生物医学领域,尤其在肿瘤检测方面展现出了广泛的应用前景。近红外光穿过生物组织时,受到的吸收和散射较少,因此在生物成像方面体现了高信噪比和强组织穿透能力。在众多荧光探针中,近红外发光的量子点探针因其量子产率高、抗光漂白性强、发射光可调和稳定性良好等特点在荧光成像方面显示出突出的优势。本文基于量子点探针的近红外荧光成像技术在肿瘤显影中的应用,介绍了量子点优异的光学性能,并重点讨论了硫化铅（PbS）和硫化银（Ag2S）近红外发光量子点探针在肿瘤成像方面的研究进展,并对近红外发光量子点探针的应用前景进行了展望。     

荧光探针二次杂交技术及其在医用基因芯片中的应用

目的 建立一种适用于医用基因芯片的核酸检测技术。方法 运用自行设计的荧光探针，通过与模板DNA和固定探针的次序杂交，检出特异基因片段。结果 应用该方法在基因芯片上对性病病原体菌株进行检测，各阳性组荧光密度值较阴性组显著下降；对临床标本检测的灵敏度和特异性均达到90％以上，杂交过程不需添加任何试剂，杂交检测时间缩短至40分钟以内。结论 荧光探针二次杂交技术可用于医用基因芯片，并具有快速、简便、可靠等特点，有利于实现检测过程的全自动、封闭性和一体化。     

非对称酞菁作为荧光探针的研究与展望

酞菁在生物、医疗方面的应用研究越来越受到人们的关注,但这方面的研究大多以对称酞菁为主,本文对非对称酞菁及其衍生物作为荧光探针的设计思路、合成方法及其研究现状加以综述,展望了非对称酞菁用作荧光探针在生物大分子标记方面的应用前景。     

水溶性BODIPY类近红外荧光探针的合成及生物组织成像研究

【摘要】目的长波吸收和发射的水溶性荧光染料被广泛应用于生物技术和生物医学领域,如DNA排序、诊断成像和光动力治疗等。方法为了开发具有近红外荧光特性的分子探针,通过Knoevenagel缩合反应合成一种新型水溶性荧光化合物——荧光染料（BODIPY）;评价了其光学性能,并以裸鼠为实验动物评价了该探针在生物组织成像中的效果。结果这类荧光化合物具有良好的水溶性和光学性能,对正常裸鼠深层组织和脏器具有明显成像效果。结论该类探针在荧光影像学诊断方面具有很好的应用潜力。     

时间分辨荧光各向异性及其在生物大分子研究中的应用

概述了时间分辨荧光各向异性（TRAMS）的工作原理和发展概况，描述了常用荧光探针，标记物及大分子的一般标记方法，讨论了其测定方法，研究特点及生物大分子中的构象及结构变化等研究方面的应用，展望了未来的应用前景。     

Ultrabright organic dots with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for cell tracking

Noninvasive fluorescence cell tracking provides critical information on the physiological displacement and translocation of actively migrating cells, which deepens our understanding of biomedical engineering, oncological research, stem cell transplantation and therapies. Non-viral fluorescent protein transfection based cell tracing has been widely used but with issues related to cell type-dependent expression, lagged readout, immunogenicity and mutagenesis. Alternative cell tracking methods are therefore desired to attain reliable, stable, and efficient labeling over a long time. In this work, we have successfully developed ultra-bright organic dots with aggregation-induced emission (AIE dots) and demonstrated their capabilities for cellular imaging and cell tracking. The AIE dots possess high fluorescence, super photostability, and excellent cellular retention and biocompatibility. As compared to commonly used pMAX-GFP plasmid labeling approach, the organic AIE dots showed excellent cell labeling on all tested human cell lines and superior tracing performance, which opens up new opportunities in the cell-based immunotherapies and other related biological researches.     

量子点在生物医学中的应用

量子点系统研究是近年来的热门话题。量子点特殊的光学性质使得它在生物化学、分子生物学、细胞生物学、基因组学及蛋白质组学研究中有着极大的应用前景。就其光学特性、制备方法作了简单概述,并着重阐述了量子点作为荧光探针在生物医学方面的研究进展。     

纳米微粒在生物医学领域的应用研究

纳米微粒的尺寸介于原子簇与一般微粒之间,一般为1～100nm。纳米微粒所具有的量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应与协同效应使其展现出许多特有的性质,如比表面积大、表面活性中心多、表面反应活性高、吸附能力强、催化能力高、毒性低及不易受体内和细胞内各种酶的降解等,为其在生物医学研究应用向纵深发展开辟了崭新的途径,提供了更加科学的手段。综述了纳米微粒在生物医学领域的应用研究情况。     

纳米微粒在生物医学领域的应用研究

纳米微粒的尺寸介于原子簇与一般微粒之间，一般为1～100nm。纳米微粒所具有的量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应与协同效应使其展现出许多特有的性质，如比表面积大、表面活性中心多、表面反应活性高、吸附能力强、催化能力高、毒性低及不易受体内和细胞内各种酶的降解等，为其在生物医学研究应用向纵深发展开辟了崭新的途径，提供了更加科学的手段。综述了纳米微粒在生物医学领域的应用研究情况。     

Quantitative measurements of platelet aggregation in vivo induced by adenosine diphosphate

Summary Platelet aggregation induced in dogs by adenosine diphosphate is studied in vivo continuously and quantitatively using a recently described photoelectrical technique. In flowing blood following infusions of ADP intraarterially or intravenously formation of platelet aggregates could be demonstrated. A significant decrease in aggregate count after the passage of blood through the microvasculature of the hind leg or lung indicates a trapping of aggregates in the smallest vessels. It is emphasized that because of their reversibility and low stability the platelet aggregates induced by the experimental conditions chosen are not able to cause a significant obstruction of the microcirculation.     

语义网的研究及其在生物医学中的应用

随着互联网和数字图书馆的进一步发展，对网络信息资源的描述与组织变得越来越重要。本文针对目前对网络信息资源组织的语义网研究，在确认其与医学信息学连接的过程中，介绍易于理解的语义技术概念，并探讨图书馆员如果利用语义技术进行医学信息管理。     

量子点技术在荧光标记免疫分析中的发展与应用

量子点是一种新型荧光标记材料,与传统荧光染料相比具有激发波长宽,发射波长窄而对称,不同粒径和组成的量子点其发射波长不同等优点.应用不同发射波长的量子点对不同的待检分析物同时进行标记,可以达到多个指标同时检测的目的.量子点作为荧光标记物已在免疫分析领域及医学诊断研究中得到了广泛的应用,并显示出了巨大的发展前景.     

Analysis of RNA stability and (−) strand content in viral infections using biotinylated RNA probes

Non-radioactive biotinylated RNA probes specific for plus (+) and minus (−) sense RNAs of brome mosaic virus (BMV) were synthesized in vitro from a plasmid bearing a 200 base pair fragment complementary to the 3' terminus of each of the three genomic RNAs of the virus. Using virion RNAs isolated from BMV infected barley plants, the sensitivity of biotinylated RNAs as hybridization probes was compared with that of ³²P-labeled probes in Northern hybridization assays. Although the sensitivity of biotinylated and ³²P-labeled probes is similar (5 pg), the time required to detect the RNA bands was much less than for autoradiography; (−) sense RNAs could be detected in 30 min whereas 48 h or more were required by autoradiography. The value of biotinylated probes for following RNA stability was exemplified by the detection of supplied inocula in protoplasts 24 h post-inoculation. Quantitation of relative accumulation of progeny (+) and (−) sense RNAs by densitometry of the Northern blots probed with biotinylated RNAs paralleled that of radiolabeled probes. The application of these probes was extended to the detection of RNAs in barley protoplasts and BMV infected plant sap by dot hybridization. In these tests, viral RNAs were detected in as few as 250 protoplasts and sap dilutions up to 1:2000. The merits of these non-radioactive probes in monitoring the replication events by the detection and quantitation of mutant progeny RNAs of BMV are discussed.     

Novel fabrication of fluorescent silk utilized in biotechnological and medical applications

Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer widely used and studied for diverse applications in the biomedical field. Recently, genetically modified silks, particularly fluorescent SF fibers, were reported to have been produced from transgenic silkworms. However, they are currently limited to textile manufacturing. To expand the use of transgenic silkworms for biomedical applications, a solution form of fluorescent SF needed to be developed. Here, we describe a novel method of preparing a fluorescent SF solution and demonstrate long-term fluorescent function up to one year after subcutaneous insertion. We also show that fluorescent SF labeled p53 antibodies clearly identify HeLa cells, indicating the applicability of fluorescent SF to cancer detection and bio-imaging. Furthermore, we demonstrate the intraoperative use of fluorescent SF in an animal model to detect a small esophageal perforation (0.5 mm). This study suggests how fluorescent SF biomaterials can be applied in biotechnology and clinical medicine.     

Application of fluorescent in situ hybridization with X and Y chromosome specific probes to buccal smear analysis

Conventional X- and Y-chromatin and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis based on X- and Y-chromosome specific probes were conducted from buccal smear, on 15 normal males, 15 normal females, and 9 cases suspected of sex chromosome anomalies. The proportion of X- and Y-chromatin in normal females and males was 12% ± 3% and 51.5% ± 4.9%, respectively, by the conventional X- and Y-chromatin procedure. The CEP-X/Y analysis by FISH for the same specimens provided a proportion of 98.8% ± 0.7% cells with XX signals in the normal females and 99.8% ± 0.4% cells with XY signals in the normal males. The FISH method was superior to the conventional procedure in nine cases suspected of sex chromosome anomalies, including one case of mosaicism. The results of CEP-X/Y will sometimes be false; it will not detect structural anomalies of sex chromosomes, and it is not intended to detect low level mosaicism. However, the test is useful for rapid screening of sex chromosome aneuploidy at a fraction of the cost for chromosome analysis. The FISH test is also appropriate to detect tissue specific sex chromosome mosaicism, especially if it is relatively high. This FISH test is best used as an adjunct to chromosome analysis whenever possible. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.