老年大鼠模型视网膜血管改变及视网膜中央动脉血流变化的高分辨率超声图像检测

背景：视网膜对缺血非常敏感,所以眼部血流动力学的改变可直接影响眼的功能,目前评估眼部血液循环可借助多种仪器设备。 目的：应用高分辨率小动物超声影像系统检测视网膜中央动脉的血流动力学变化,结合视网膜血管消化铺片技术检测视网膜血管结构变化,以明确老年大鼠视网膜中央动脉血流动力学的变化规律。 方法：使用高分辨率小动物超声影像系统测量老年大鼠和青年大鼠及视网膜中央动脉的血流参数,包括收缩期峰值血流速度、舒张末期血流速度,计算搏动指数、阻力指数和收缩期舒张期血流速度比值。同时使用视网膜血管消化铺片技术检测视网膜血管形态学改变。 结果与结论：与青年大鼠组相比,老年组大鼠视网膜血管内皮细胞增生,排列紊乱,管径增粗,血管壁不光滑;视网膜中央动脉血流速度、舒张末期血流速度均降低(P < 0.01),计算搏动指数、阻力指数及收缩期峰值与舒张末期血流速度比值则升高(P < 0.01)。说明使用高分辨率小动物超声影像系统检测视网膜中央动脉收缩期和舒张期峰值速度及阻力指数能较敏感地反映血管的老化过程。     

碟脉灵注射液治疗视网膜微循环障碍性病变的疗效观察

目的观察中药碟脉灵注射液对视网膜微循环障碍性疾病的治疗效果。方法对视网膜分支静脉栓塞17例、视网膜分支动脉阻塞3例应用碟脉灵注射液30ml/d静脉注射 ,连续2周。结果视网膜分支静脉栓塞视力平均提高2行 ,视网膜分支动脉阻塞病人配合其他药物治疗视力均提高4行以上。结论碟脉灵注射液在一定程度上能改善视网膜微循环障碍性疾病     

阿魏酸钠治疗冠心病心绞痛临床诊治分析

目的 观察阿魏酸钠治疗冠心病心绞痛的效果。方法 将119例冠心痛心绞痛病人随机分成治疗组60例和对照组59例,治疗组给予察阿魏酸钠加5％葡萄糖250mL（或生理盐水）,静脉点滴。对照组用钾镁极化液和丹参注射液治疗。两组每日一次,14d为一疗程。结果 治疗组,心绞痛症状及心电图改善分别是54例和50例,对照组,心绞痛症状和心电图改善分别是42例和40例。结论 无论心绞痛症状改善还是心电图改善治疗组和对照组都有显著性差异,症状改善非常显著为x^2=6．34,P〈0．05,心电图改善明显x^2=3．90,p〈0．05说明阿魏酸钠治疗冠心病明显好于钾镁极化液和丹参注射液。     

生蒲黄汤对糖尿病性视网膜病变所致玻璃体积血的辅助治疗效果

目的:探究生蒲黄汤辅助西医治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变(Diabetic retinopathy,DR)所致早期玻璃体积血的临床疗效及血流动力学的影响.方法:选取156例2018年3月～2020年3月在我院接受治疗的DR伴玻璃体积血患者,随机分为观察组和对照组(n=78)78.对照组予以常规基础治疗,观察组在此基础上口服生蒲黄汤150 g.治疗2 m后分别采用超声波、裂隙灯等检查测定玻璃体积血程度、视网膜中央动脉(Central artery of retina,CRA)血流动力学参数,如收缩期峰值速度(Peake systolic flow velocity,PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(End-diastolic flow velocity,EDV)、阻力参数(Resistance Index,RI),同时观察治疗效果.结果:治疗2 m后,两组患者PSV、EDV均有较明显提升,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗2 m后,两组患者RI较治疗前均有较明显降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05).治疗2 m后,观察组患者玻璃体积血Ⅰ～Ⅱ级率明显、治疗有效率均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:生蒲黄汤辅助西医治疗DR所致早期玻璃体积血,可帮助患者提高治疗效果,改善血流动力学状况.     

复方丹参注射液对肝硬化患者甲襞微循环指标及肝门脉血流动力学影响的临床研究

目的探讨复方丹参注射液对肝硬化患者甲襞微循环及肝门脉血流动力学的影响。方法将同期住院的肝硬化患者60例 ,按2∶1随机分为治疗组 (40例 )与对照组 (20例 ) ,观察入院时3d内、治疗30d与治疗60d甲襞微循环部分指标及肝门脉血流动力学 ,观察指标有输入枝与输出枝管径 ,襻顶直径 ,微血流速度和门静脉内径 (Dpv)、脾静脉内径 (Dspv)、门静脉最大血流速度和平均血流速度 (Vpvx、Vpvm)、脾静脉最大血流速度和平均血流速度(Vspvx、Vspvm) ,同时计算出门静脉和脾静脉每分钟血流量(Qpv、Qspv) ,将所得结果进行统计学分析。结果治疗组在治疗前和治疗30d、60d与对照组相比 :输入枝管径、微血流速度、Dpv、Vpvx、Vpvm有极显著性差异 (P<0.01) ;输出枝管径、Dspv、Vspvx、Qpv有显著性差异 (P<0.05) ;而襻顶径、Qspv、Vspvm则无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。结论复方丹参注射液在降低门脉压的同时并不影响肝脏的血流供应 ,同时具有显著的改善肝微循环的作用     

凯时注射液伍用低分子肝素钙治疗急性脑梗塞40例分析

目的 观察凯时注射液伍用低分子肝素钙治疗急性脑梗塞临床疗效及不良反应.方法 将80例均经头颅CT或MRI证实的急性脑梗塞患者随机分成治疗组和对照组.治疗组应用凯时注射液10ug加生理盐水10ml静脉注射每日一次,连续应用14d,低分子肝素钙5000u IH g12h连续应用7d;对照组应用阿魏酸钠0.2加生理盐水100ml静脉点滴,血塞通0.4(冻干粉)加生理盐水100ml静脉点滴连续应用14d.结果 治疗组总有效率95%.对照组总有效率87.5%,两组之间有显著差异(P＜0.05).两组患者在治疗期问均未见明显副作用. 结论 凯时注射液伍用低分子肝素钙治疗急性脑梗塞安全、比较有效、值得临床推广的一种治疗方法 .     

川芎嗪治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的疗效与机理

目的 观察川芎嗪治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的疗效与机理。方法 视网膜静脉阻塞患者治疗组３５例，用川芎嗪治疗，对照组３０例用血栓通治疗。通过视力检查，荧光素眼底血管造影和眼底检测评价疗效。结果 经４疗程的治疗，治疗组总有效率为８２．９％，与血栓通组相似，但在视力恢复上优于血栓通组。结论 川芎嗪对治疗视网膜静脉阻塞有较好作用。     

原发性高血压病视网膜中央动脉血流与左心室功能关系的多普勒观察

目的：研究原发性高血压病（PH）视网膜血管与左心室功能的相关性。方法：采用多普勒技术对比检测了52例PH和50例健康自愿者的机网膜中央动脉（ACR）血流及左心室功能。结果：病例组左心室舒张功能指标（除舒张早期血流峰值流速外）与对照组差异非常显著（P＜0．01），收缩功能指标与对照组无差异（P＞0．05）。病例组ACR舒张期、收缩期及其平均血流速率均与对照组差异非常显著（P＜0．01）。结论：PH左心室舒张功能按收缩功能变化更明显，在收缩功能尚未改变之前，ACR血流已有异常变化。     

华佗再造丸辅助丁苯酞注射液对脑卒中患者神经功能缺损及血流动力学的影响

目的:研究华佗再造丸辅助丁苯酞注射液对脑卒中患者神经功能缺损及血流动力学的影响.方法:以随机对照法将我院 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 3 月确诊的脑卒中患者 88 例分为研究组(44 例)、参照组(44 例).参照组行丁苯酞注射液等治疗,研究组在参照组基础上行华佗再造丸治疗.治疗2 w后,比较两组临床疗效、神经功能、血流动力学、凝血功能、炎症因子水平.结果:治疗 2 w后研究组总有效率高于参照组(P＜0.05);治疗 2 w后研究组各神经功能量表评分改善程度优于参照组;治疗2 w后研究组搏动指数低于参照组,收缩期峰值血流速度、平均血流速度高于参照组(P＜0.05);治疗2 w后研究组D-二聚体水平低于对照组,凝血酶时间、凝血酶原时间、部分活化凝血活酶时间改善水平优于参照组(P＜0.05);治疗2 w后研究组超敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平均低于参照组(P＜0.05=.结论:华佗再造丸辅助丁苯酞注射液治疗脑卒中患者,可改善凝血功能及脑血流动力学,促进神经功能恢复,降低炎症水平,提高临床疗效.     

脑心通联合丹红注射液治疗老年慢性脑供血不足疗效分析

目的 分析脑心通胶囊联合丹红注射液对老年慢性脑供血不足的临床疗效,寻求老年慢性脑供血不足的有效防治手段,促进患者康复.方法 选择我院全科医学科门诊中明确诊断的老年慢性脑供血不足患者140例,随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,每组70例.治疗组给予丹红注射液40ml加入0.9％氯化钠注射液250ml,1次/d,静脉点滴,同时口服脑心通胶囊4粒,3次/d,治疗2w.对照组给予银杏达莫注射液20mL加0 9％氯化钠注射液250ml,1次/d,静脉点滴,治疗2w.两组均同时给予阿司匹林肠溶胶囊以及他汀类降脂药等常规药物治疗,另外,两组患者如有高血压、糖尿病等,均同时给予必要的降压、降糖等基本药物治疗.观察两组患者在静脉点滴治疗结束后的临床效果.结果 治疗组在静脉点滴治疗结束后的临床总有效率与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义P＜0.05.结论 脑心通胶囊联合丹红注射液对老年慢性脑供血不足具有显著的疗效,能够有效缓解症状,促进康复.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.