氯诺昔康、芬太尼用于术后患者自控镇痛的比较

目的:比较氯诺昔康(lornoxicam)与芬太尼用于术后患者自控镇痛(PCA)的效果,观察氯诺昔康术后镇痛的安全性及可行性.方法:选择择期手术患者96例,男60例,女36例,年龄18～81岁,体重51～80kg.随机分成三组,L组(氯诺昔康组)、F组(芬太尼、氟哌利多组)、LF组(氯诺昔康、芬太尼组),每组32例.手术种类包括普外科、矫外科、泌外科、妇科等.麻醉方法:全麻36例(麻醉诱导和维持统一用药),硬膜外麻醉48例(同一种局麻药),臂丛及颈丛麻醉各6例(同一种局麻药).全麻患者术毕清醒拔管后,L组和LF组静注氯诺昔康8mg,F组静注芬太尼0.05mg,然后接上预先配好的PCA泵;硬膜外麻醉术毕前5～10min经硬膜外腔注入0.375%布比卡因5mL,然后接上预先配好的PCA泵;颈丛及臂丛阻滞麻醉术中即接上PCA泵,2mL·h-1静脉持续泵入.PCA泵配方:L组氯诺昔康32mg;F组芬太尼0.8mg、氟哌啶10mg;LF组氯诺昔康32mg、芬太尼0.4mg,三组均加生理氯化钠溶液至80mL.术后由专人随访,观察镇痛效果及不良反应.镇痛效果评定指标分为5级.观察结果行(χ2)卡方检验.结果:①镇痛效果:L组Ⅰ～Ⅱ级28例,占87.5%;F组Ⅰ～Ⅱ级29例,占90.6%;LF组Ⅰ～Ⅱ级31例,占96.8%.L组与F组比较P>0.05,L组与LF组比较P>0.01.②不良反应:L组、LF组无眩晕、呕吐、呼吸抑制;F组有2例呕吐、嗜睡7例.3.24h镇痛药剂量:L组氯诺昔康27.2mg,F组芬太尼0.53mg,LF组氯诺昔康27.2mg,芬太尼0.24mg.结论:氯诺昔康、芬太尼术后PCA镇痛效果比较,两者镇痛效应相近,与有关报道相似.氯诺昔康伍用芬太尼用于术后PCA,不良反应轻,安全可行.     

氯诺昔康与曲马多在骨科术后患者自控静脉镇痛中的应用

目的:探讨氯诺昔康、曲马多与芬太尼配伍用于患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的镇痛效果比较.方法:60例各类骨科术后中等以上疼痛患者随机分为两组(每组30例),试验组(L组)用芬太尼 氯诺昔康,对照组(T组)用芬太尼 曲马多.芬太尼用量0.02mg·kg-1,根据患者体重计算芬太尼总用量后,分别用8mg氯诺昔康或100mg曲马多替代0.1mg芬太尼.在L组中芬太尼与氯诺昔康各占一半,T组中芬太尼与曲马多各占一半.镇痛泵背景剂量2mL·h-1,PCIA剂量2mL·次-1,锁定时间15min.依据VAS评分标准分别测定术后4,16,24,36,50h的疼痛值,并观察两组在恶心、呕吐等方面不良反应,最后记录镇痛结束时患者对镇痛效果的总体评价.结果:两组镇痛效果VAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05),L组恶心呕吐等不良反应少于T组.结论:氯诺昔康和曲马多分别与芬太尼配伍用于PCIA镇痛效果无显著差异.氯诺昔康在恶心呕吐等不良反应方面优于曲马多.     

氯诺昔康与吗啡用于开胸手术后患者自控镇痛的比较

目的:在肋间神经阻滞的基础上,比较氯诺昔康与吗啡用于开胸手术后患者自控镇痛的疗效及不良反应.方法:择期行开胸手术的患者35例,术前均行肋间神经阻滞,术后随机双盲分为两组,给予患者自控镇痛:M组给予吗啡0.5 mg·mL-1 氟哌利多0.02 mg·mL-1,L组给予氯诺昔康0.32 mg·mL-1 氟哌利多0.02 mg·mL-1.镇痛效果评价采用VAS评分.结果:两组患者术后各时段的VAS评分无显著性差异,而不良反应的发生率L组明显少于M组.结论:在术前肋间神经阻滞的基础上,通过PCA系统静脉输注氯诺昔康,也能提供开胸手术后满意的镇痛治疗,疗效与吗啡相似.     

氯诺昔康和吗啡用于腹部、骨科手术后镇痛的评价

目的:评价非甾体抗炎药氯诺昔康用于腹部、骨科手术后患者自控镇痛的有效性及安全性.方法:选择240例20～60岁手术患者,随机分为腹部组(胃、肝、胆、肠)和骨科组(脊柱、下肢).腹部组120例,随机分为氯诺昔康组(A组)60例,吗啡组(B组)60例;骨科组120例,为氯诺昔康组(C组)60例和吗啡组(D组)60例.A组:氯诺昔康4支(8mg·支-1) 氟哌利多5mg,以生理氯化钠溶液稀释至100mL;B组:吗啡4支(10mg·支-1) 氟哌利多5mg,以生理氯化钠溶液稀释至100mL;C,D组药液配制与A,B组相同.采用自控镇痛泵以2mL·h-1持续输入.分别于4,8,16,24,36,48h进行随访,观察镇痛效果及出现的不良反应,如恶心、呕吐、头晕和嗜睡、面色潮红、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制、肠蠕动时间及肛门排气时间.结果:骨科手术C,D组镇痛效果无显著性差异(P>0.05);腹部手术,A组镇痛效果低于B组有显著性差异(P<0.05),而C组与A组镇痛效果比较,差异非常显著(P<0.01).不良反应发生率,吗啡组均高于氯诺昔康组(P<0.01);肠蠕动及肛门排气时间,氯诺昔康组平均26h,吗啡组平均35h(P<0.05).结论:氯诺昔康用于骨科手术镇痛疗效比腹部手术强,不良反应发生率比吗啡低.     

氯诺昔康用于上腹部手术术后镇痛的临床研究

目的:观察氯诺昔康用于上腹部手术术后镇痛的疗效及安全性.方法:40例上腹部手术患者,随机分为三组:L组8例,术后使用氯诺昔康自控镇痛PCA泵(1mg·次-1,24h限量40mg),M组16例,使用吗啡PCA泵(1mg·次-1,48h限量80mg),C组16例,手术结束时静注氯诺昔康8mg,术后48h氯诺昔康32mg持续静脉输注,同时应用吗啡PCA泵(1mg·次-1,48h限量80mg).观察48h记录术后4,8,12,24,48h各组VAS评分、吗啡用量及不良反应.结果:三组中L组术后镇痛效果差,12h时VAS仍高达(50.3±4.5)分,故12h后均加用吗啡镇痛.术后各时段M组与C组镇痛效果均相似,而吗啡用量C组(27.3±10.7)mg·48h-1,明显少于M组(41.3±16.3)mg·48h-1.C组和M组术后胃肠道不良反应发生率相似.结论:单独氯诺昔康不能控制上腹部术后剧烈疼痛,与吗啡联合应用可很好的缓解疼痛,而且可以减少34%吗啡用量.     

氯诺昔康与曲马多联合吗啡用于术后静脉镇痛的疗效对比

目的:评价氯诺昔康与曲马多连续静脉输入联合吗啡预先硬膜外输注应用于术后镇痛的效果和安全性.方法:44例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ在硬膜外阻滞麻醉或腰硬联合阻滞麻醉下行腹部、脊柱、下肢手术的患者随机均分为氯诺昔康组和曲马多组,每组22例.两组均于麻醉后,切皮前以吗啡1～2mg注入硬膜外腔,手术结束前半小时采用一次性静脉输注泵持续输注氯诺昔康0.6mg·2mL-1·h-1(氯诺昔康组);曲马多16.6mg·2mL-1·h-1(曲马多组).两组输注泵内加用氟哌利多5mg,用生理氯化钠溶液稀释至96mL(48h用量).观察并记录术后4,8,12,24,48h各组各时点的VAS分值及不良反应.结果:两组镇痛效果均为良好或基本满意,但在术后12h和48h的VAS评分以曲马多组为高(P<0.05、P<0.01).两组恶心呕吐、头晕、嗜睡等并发症以曲马多组为多,差异有显著性(P<0.01),均未出现呼吸循环抑制、皮肤瘙痒等并发症.氯诺昔康与曲马多的总使用量之比为0.04∶1.结论:氯诺昔康能安全、有效应用于术后镇痛,其镇痛效果优于曲马多,联合吗啡硬膜外预先镇痛能提高其镇痛效果,减少各自药物的用量及降低并发症的发生率.     

氯诺昔康用于颌面外科手术后病人自控镇痛的临床研究

目的以曲马多为对照药物对各类颌面外科术后患者应用氯诺昔康行病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的有效性和安全性进行评价.方法将60例成年ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行择期颌面外科手术患者,随机分为3组,曲马多(T)组:曲马多16 mg·kg-1;氯诺昔康(L)组:氯诺昔康1.3 mg·kg-1;曲马多和氯诺昔康(T L)组:曲马多8 mg·kg-1 氯诺昔康0.65 mg·kg-1,均稀释至100 mL,以2 mL·h-1行PCIA.记录3组在置泵后2、4、8、12、24、48 h的视觉模拟评分值(VAS)、患者对镇痛治疗总体印象评分及在各时间段中的不良反应.结果T组、L组、T L组48 h内各时间点VAS和PCIA结束后镇痛治疗总体印象评分无显著性差异(P＞0.05),T组、L组、T L组恶心呕吐发生率分别为33.3%、20.0%和6.67%,其中T L组明显低于T组(P＜0.05).结论采用氯诺昔康对颌面外科手术后病人自控镇痛安全有效,和曲马多复合使用能减少各自不良反应,可作为术后平衡镇痛的药物组成.     

氯诺昔康用于食管癌术后镇痛的临床研究

目的:评价氯诺昔康用于食管癌术后镇痛的效果及安全性.方法:选择行食管癌根治术患者60例,接受术后镇痛治疗(PCIA),随机分为L组和T组.L组使用氯诺昔康64mg·48h-1,T组使用曲马多800mg·48h-1.结果:两组于使用PCIA后4,12,24,36,48h的VAS疼痛评分、PHS术后疼痛评分无显著性差异(P＞0.05).镇静度评分:12h以后T组高于L组(P<0.05).术后镇痛不良反应的发生率L组低于T组,两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).总体评价L组优于T组.结论:氯诺昔康用于食管癌术后镇痛安全有效,满意度优于曲马多.     

氯诺昔康与曲马多合用对开胸术术后止痛的疗效

目的:选用氯诺昔康配合曲马多连续静脉输注用于开胸手术患者的术后止痛,观察其止痛效果及不良反应,评估其在胸科术后止痛的价值.方法:90例开胸手术患者,随机分为三组,氯诺昔康 曲马多组(L组),曲马多组(T组)和硬膜外吗啡组(M).每组30例,L组与T组药物均采用曲马多20mg·kg-1 氟哌利多0.1mg·kg-1 生理氯化钠溶液配成100mL,以2mL·h-1速度输注.L组在切皮前和关胸时各用氯诺昔康8mg静注,而T组不用氯诺昔康.M组药物采用吗啡0.12mg·kg-1 0.15%罗哌卡因100mL,行硬脊膜外腔输注.镇痛效果用4点疼痛分级以及VAS进行评估.结果:在8和28h时段,L组VAS评分低于T组(P<0.05).在28和48h时段,L组的4点疼痛分级低于M组(P<0.01).皮肤瘙痒在L组和T组无一例发生,M组有3例(3/30).恶心呕吐发生率三组比较无统计学意义.结论:开胸术后,采用氯诺昔康联合曲马多静脉输注止痛,可等效于硬脊膜外腔吗啡的止痛效果,同时不增加不良反应.     

氯诺昔康与曲马多患者自控静脉镇痛的比较

目的:评价氯诺昔康与曲马多自控静脉镇痛的镇痛效果及不良反应.方法:40例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级喉癌根治术患者,随机分为L(氯诺昔康)组和T(曲马多)组,手术缝合时,L组静注氯诺昔康8mg,T组静注曲马多100mg,手术结束前经外周静脉连接自控式镇痛泵.输注模式:背景量2mL·h-1,追加量0.5mL,锁定时间15min.药液配制:L组:氯诺昔康48mg加生理氯化钠溶液至120mL;T组:曲马多1000mg加生理氯化钠溶液至120mL.镇痛期间观察视觉模拟评分(VAS)、舒适评分(BCS)及不良反应.结果:两组比较VAS与BCS均无统计学差异.曲马多组恶心、呕吐、出汗等反应高于氯诺昔康组.结论:氯诺昔康与曲马多都能提供良好的术后镇痛.氯诺昔康伴有较少的不良反应,在临床上更值得应用和推广.     

卡马西平联用尼美舒利相关粒细胞缺乏症

1例78岁男性患者因带状疱疹神经痛、慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并感染,给予头孢唑肟钠（2.25 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、卡马西平（0.2 g口服,2次/d）、尼美舒利（100 mg口服,2次/d）、二羟丙茶碱（0.5 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、甲钴胺（0.5 mg口服,3次/d）、地塞米松（5 mg,静脉滴注1次）、盐酸哌替啶（25 mg,肌内注射1次）和盐酸布桂嗪（100 mg,肌内注射3次）等药物治疗。第7天,停用头孢唑肟钠,改为磷霉素钠（8 g静脉滴注,1次/d）。第11天,血常规检查示白细胞计数1.6×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.03,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.9×10^9/L。立即停用所有药物,给予对症支持治疗。第15天,外周血白细胞计数0.9×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.02,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.7×10^9/L。行骨髓穿刺检查,诊断为粒细胞缺乏症。第17天患者出现右肺气胸、肺不张。第20天出现急性呼吸衰竭、多脏器衰竭合并重症感染,经抢救无效死亡。     

颅脑损伤患者并发肺部感染的护理体会

目的：为了使并发肺部感染的病人更多、更好、更早的痊愈。方法：通过对32例颅脑外伤并发肺部感染病人的严密观察,采取更换体位、超声雾化、有效排痰训练等有效的护理措施干预,从而控制了肺部感染。结果：痊愈17例,占53.1%;显效12例,占37.5%,无效2例,占6.2%;死亡1例,占3.1%;实践证明,有效的护理干预对提高患者治疗成功率有着重要意义。     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

Genomic profiling associated with recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation

PURPOSE: Stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum has an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and tumor recurrence remains a major problem despite an improvement in local control through chemotherapy and radiation. The efficacy of chemoradiation therapy may be significantly compromised as a result of interindividual variations in clinical response and host toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those patients who will benefit from chemoradiation therapy and those who will develop recurrent disease. In this study, we tested whether a specific pattern of 21 polymorphisms in 18 genes involved in the critical pathways of cancer progression (i.e., drug metabolism, tumor microenvironment, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair) will predict the risk of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with Stage II or III rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques for 21 polymorphisms. RESULTS: A polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-8 was individually associated with risk of recurrence. Classification and regression tree analysis of all polymorphisms and clinical variables developed a risk tree including the following variables: node status, IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. CONCLUSION: Genomic profiling may help to identify patients who are at high risk for developing tumor recurrence, and those who are more likely to benefit from chemoradiation therapy. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these preliminary data using germline polymorphisms on tumor recurrences in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.     

甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病62例

目的用甘草酸单铵结合低能量氦-氖激光,观察治疗银屑病患者。方法62例寻常型银屑病患者,分为两组,A组用低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射,同时用甘草酸单铵静脉滴注,共36例;B组仅用甘草酸单铵,共26例。通过30d治疗。结果总有效率82.2%,其中A组有效率88.9%,B组73.1%(经Ridit检验,U＝2.76,P＜0.01),两组差异有极显著性意义。结论甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病,比单用甘草酸单铵效果好。     

A fetus with meckel-gruber syndrome associated with isomerism

Abstract. Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation. As far as we know, the rate of incidence for the syndrome is 0.02 per 10,000 births. It is estimated that Meckel-Gruber syndrome accounts for 5% of all neural tube defects in Finland. Objective. The aim of this study is to present a case of a fetus with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism. Method. The fetus was obtained after medical interruption of the pregnancy during the fifteenth gestational week. The mother was 36 years old and in a consanguineous marriage. The antenatal ultrasound examination revealed a polymalformative syndrome, leading to a postmortem examination. The fetopathological study of the fetus was conducted at the Centre for Maternity and Neonatology, Tunis, Tunisia, in 2008. Results. The female fetus had a significantly deformed ballooning abdomen, pes equinovarus, flexion of the wrist and a total posterior cleft palate. The central nervous system abnormalities were occipital encephalocele, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, agenesis of corpus callosum and hydrocephalus. The study of the internal organs found dextrocardia, irregular lobulation of the lungs, left isomerism, and polysplenia. The microscopic examination revealed bilateral cystic dilation of the kidneys, fibrous proliferation of the liver and ectasic dilatation of the billiary ducts, representing a ductal plate malformation of the liver. Conclusion. The case is diagnosed with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism, cleft palate and possibly Dandy-Walker syndrome.