Effect of parenteral glutamine supplementation in premature infants

Background Glutamine, proposed to be conditionally essential for critically ill patients, is not added routinely to parenteral amino acid formulations for premature infants and is provided in only small quantities by the enteral route when enteral feeding is low. Parenteral feeding is the basic way of nutrition in the first days of life of premature infants. In this study, we evaluated the effects of glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition for premature infants on growth and development, feeding toleration, and infective episodes.Methods From December 2002 to July 2006, 53 premature infants were given either standard or glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition for more than 2 weeks. Twenty-eight infants were in glutamine supplemented group, whose gestational age (31.4±2.0) weeks, birth weight range (1386±251) g; twenty-five infants were in control group, gestational age (31.1±1.7) weeks, with birth weight range (1346±199) g. There were no differences between the two groups. Various growth and biochemical indices were monitored throughout the duration of hospital stay. Data between groups were analyzed with Student’s t test. Nonparametric data were analyzed using a Chi-square test. A two-tailed P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The level of serum albumin was lower in the glutamine groups on the second week (3.0 vs 3.2 g/dl, P=0.028), and blood urea nitrogen was higher in glutamine groups on the fourth week (8.1 vs 4.9 mg/dl, P=0.014), but normal. Glutamine group infants took fewer days to regain birth weight (8.1 vs 10.4 days, P=0.017), required fewer days on parenteral nutrition (24.8 vs 30.8 days, P=0.035), with shorter stays in hospital (32.1 vs 38.6 days, P=0.047). Episodes of hospital acquired infection in glutamine supplemented infants were lower than that in control group (0.96 vs 1.84 times, P=0.000).Conclusion Parenteral glutamine supplementation in premature infants can shorten days on parenteral nutrition and length of stay in hospital, and decrease hospital acquired infection episodes.     

Seasonal Variations in Birth Weight in Suzhou Industrial Park

正Many environmental factors have been shown to adversely influence birth weight,and new insight has been gained into‘seasonal programming’.We studied a total of 23,064 infants.The mean birth weight varied across seasons.Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the crude and adjusted odds ratios(ORs)for dichotomous outcomes(e.g.,macrosomia,low birth weight).There were significant differences in the risks for macrosomia     

Effect of Trace Elements on Retinopathy of Prematurity

The effect of the trace elements on retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) were studied.Thirty preterm infants who had potential high risk factors of ROP were selected as observation group and 18 normal infants as control groups.By using atom spectrophotometer,the contents of serum trace elements(Mg,Cu,Zn,Mn,Se) were measured and analyzed statistically.The contents of serum Zn,Cu and Se in observation group were 0.75±0.22,0.41±0.20 and(134.07±71.57)×10-3 mg/L respectively,and 0.55±0.12,0.65±0.194 and(202.92±44.71)×10-3 mg/L in control group respectively(P<0.01).The contents of Cu and Se were obviously lower and that of Zn higher in observation group than those in control group.The same results were obtained between the infants with ROP and controls(P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference in the contents of serum Mg and Mn between two groups(P>0.05).It was concluded that the contents of serum Cu and Se in preterm infants who had high risk factors of ROP were obviously lower than in the controls.The contents of serum Cu and Se in the ROP infants were also much lower while contents of Zn much higher.Attention should be paid to the detection of the trace elements in preterm infants in order to prevent the deficiencies of Cu and Se.Only in this way can we prevent the deficiencies of Cu and Se,so as to decrease the ROP risk factors and prevent the disease.     

Preventive Effect of Different Dosage of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin on Anemia of Premature Infants

To assess the efficacy and the optimum dose of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) on the anemia of premature, 45 preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 35 weeks and birth weight of less 1800 g were randomly assigned to treatment group 1 (n=15, receiving subcutaneous rhEpo 150 U/kg·time), treatment group 2 (n=15, receiving 250 U/kg·time), three times a week for 6 weeks, and control group (n=15, no treatment was given).All preterm infants received supplements of vitamin E (20 IU) and iron (20 mg) each day. Our results showed that postnatal decline of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were lessened in the treatment groups, particularly in the group 2 and the differences were very significant (P<0.0001 for all). Treated infants had significantly higher reticulocyte counts (Ret) (P<0.0001 for all), but there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups (P>0.05).Serum iron dropped significantly in the treatment groups as compared with control group (P<0.01 for all), bu     

Multi-center Study of Enteral Feeding Practices in Hospitalized Late Preterm Infants in China

Objective To investigate the current enteral feeding practices in hospitalized late preterm infants in the Beijing area of China. Methods A multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. Infants born after 34 weeks and before 37 weeks of gestation were enrolled from 25 hospitals in the Beijing area of China from October 2015 to October 2017. Data on enteral feeding practices were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 1,463 late preterm infants were enrolled, with a mean gestational age(GA) of 35.6(34.9, 36.1) weeks. The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.5% at the initiation of enteral feeding but increased to 14.4% at discharge. When human milk was not available, most infants(46.1%) were fed with preterm infant formula. The rate of exclusive human milk feeding in infants born at 34 weeks gestation was higher than at discharge(21.1% of infants born at 34 weeks' GA versus 12.1% of infants born at 35 weeks' GA versus 12.3% of infants born at 36 weeks' GA, P 0.001). Only 28.4% of late preterm infants achieved full enteral feeding at discharge, and only 19.2% achieved 120 kcal/(kg·d) by enteral feeding at discharge. Importantly, 40.5% of infants did not regain the birth weight at discharge. Conclusion Enteral feeding support of late preterm infants has not been standardized to achieve optimal growth. Moreover, the human milk feeding rate was low, and many late preterm infants did not achieve the goal of enteral feeding and failed to regain birth weight at the time of discharge. More aggressive enteral feedings protocols are needed to promote human milk feeding and optimize growth for late preterm infants.     

Irrationality of Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Intraoperative Cell Salvage Patients: a Retrospective Analysis

Objective Although intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) has been widely used to reduce the demand for allogeneic blood transfusion, patients who use ICS approach still have not completely avoided chances of blood transfusion. This study aims to investigate the rate of allogeneic red blood cell(RBC) transfusion in patients receiving ICS, and to evaluate irrationality of allogeneic RBC transfusion and its risk factors. Methods Medical records of all patients associated with ICS approach from January 2013 to July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Theoretical hemoglobin level after reinfusion of salvaged RBC at the end of operations was estimated. Irrational transfusion was defined as initiating allogeneic transfusion with theoretical hemoglobin above 100 g/L. The clinical variables, including the surgical department, gender, age, body weight, ratio of blood loss to estimated blood volume(EBV), salvaged blood volume and preoperative hemoglobin level were subsequently compared between patients who received rational transfusion and those did not. Logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for irrationality of allogeneic RBC transfusion in these patients. Results Of 1487 patients with ICS approach in this study, the rate of allogeneic RBC transfusion was 31.4%(467/1487), and the rate of irrational allogeneic RBC transfusion was 26.0% (341/1313). Patients with irrational transfusion were younger (t=4.656, P<0.001), with lower body weight (t=3.910, P<0.001) and slightly lower preoperative HGB level (t=2.822, P=0.005) than those with rational transfusion, but had significantly larger salvaged blood volume (U=?10.926, P<0.001) and higher ratio of blood loss to EBV (U=?17.067, P<0.001), disregarding whether they preoperatively met anemia criteria or not (U=?1.396, P=0.163). Preoperative hemoglobin level (OR=1.975, P=0.005) and the ratio of blood loss/EBV (OR=5.392, P<0.001) were independent risk factors leading to the irrational allogeneic RBC transfusion. Conclusions The irrationality of allogeneic RBC transfusion existed in ICS patients, which may be associated with the preoperative hemoglobin level and the ratio of blood loss to EBV. Determining the HGB levels before transfusion is required to avoid unnecessary blood administration. Doctors should keep their knowledge in blood management updated and improve their awareness of rational transfusion for a better patients care.     

Study on Pulmonary Surfactant of Sudden Death of Infant

Objective To find the pathogenesis of sudden infant death syndrome (S IDS) from changes of pulmonurry surfactant. Methods By means of thin-layer ckromatography technique, surfactant in whole lung specimens of 10 infants with SIDS and 10 control infants without SIDS (dead of nonrespiratory diseases ) were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Results Eleven components in pulmonary surfactant were examined qualitatively, including lysophosphatidylcholine , sphingomyelin , phosphatidylcholine , phosphatidylserine , phosphatidylinositol , phos phatidylethanolamine , phosphatidylglycerol , diphosphatidylylycerol , phosphatidic acid, cholesterol and neutral lipids. Quantitative examination showed that the amount of surfactant of whole lung specimens in sudden death group [-(8.9±1.0) rng/g wet lung weight] was significantly less than that in control group [-(12. 6±1.4) mg/g uet lung weight, P＜0. 01]. Qualitative variance showed that the percentages of phosphatidylcholine (49. 4 % ± 2. 0 % ) and phosphatidylylycerol ( 2. 6 % ± 0. 7 % ) decreased markedly in sudden death group compared with those in control group (61.5 % ± 3. 0 % and 4.3 % ±1. 5%, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Before death there is serions defect on metabolism of pulmonary surfactant in sudden death infants, with the amount decreasing and the ratio of its components being disturbed, which is one of the important pathogenies of SIDS.     

An epidemiological survey on neonatal jaundice in China

Objective　To provide epidemiological data for revising the diagnostic criteria of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in China. Methods　A survey was performed among full-term infants in multiple centers throughout the country. From less than 24 hours after birth, the infants’ bilirubin levels were measured every day until the peak level fell to less than 68.4 μmol/L. Auditory brainstem responses were assessed in 56 infants randomly chosen from those with serum bilirubin levels of higher than 220.5 μmol/L. Results　Jaundice in most infants was detected at 2-3 days after birth. The bilirubin level usually reached a peak level of 204±54.69 μmol/L at 5 days after birth and then fell. Among the 875 infants, the serum bilirubin levels in 34.4% of neonates were higher than 220.5 μmol/L. The mean serum bilirubin level of the infants during the first week after birth varied with geography (P&lt;0.001) and season (P&lt;0.001). The serum bilirubin level was significantly associated with gestation age (P&lt;0.01), delivery method (P&lt;0.01), weight loss (P&lt;0.001), and PCV elevation (P&lt;0.001) during the first three days after birth. Conclusions　The start time of neonatal jaundice was similar to that reported elsewhere, but the mean peak level in our study was higher than the reported. It is suggested that the diagnostic criteria for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in China should be strict.     

Breast Milk Lead and Cadmium Levels in Suburban Areas of Nanjing,China

Objective To evaluate levels of lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) in the breast milk in the second postpartum month,to investigate the relationship between Pb/Cd levels in breast milk and some sociodemographic parameters,and to explore whether these levels affect the infants’ physical status or the mothers’ psychological status(postpartum depression).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2009 and December 2010.Altogether 170 healthy mothers were enrolled from Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital.The inclusion criteria were:voluntary to participate in this study,healthy,with no chronic disease,breastfeeding in the second postpartum month,living in a suburban but not non-industrial area of Nanjing,and not occupationally exposed to toxic metals.All the mothers completed a questionnaire and were evaluated based on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS) to identify the risk of postpartum depression.Pb and Cd levels in breast milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.The infants of these mothers were examined for their z scores of weight for age,length for age,head circumference for age,and body mass index for age.Results The median breast milk levels of Pb and Cd were 40.6 μg/L and 0.67 μg/L,respectively.In 164(96.5%) of the 170 samples,Pb levels were higher than the limit reported by the World Health Organization(> 5 μg/L).Breast milk Cd level was > 1 μg/L in 54(31.8%) mothers.The mothers with a history of anemia had a higher breast milk Pb level than those without a history of anemia(41.1 μg/L vs.37.9 μg/L,P = 0.050).The median breast milk Cd level in those who were active and passive smokers during pregnancy was significantly higher than that in non-smokers(0.88 μg/L vs.0.00 μg/L,P = 0.025).The breast milk Cd level in the mothers not taking iron and vitamin supplements for 2 months postpartum was higher than in those taking the supplements(iron supplement:0.74 μg/L vs.0.00 μg/L,P = 0.025;vitamin supplement:0.78 μg/L vs.0.00 μg/L,P = 0.005).Breast milk Cd level at the second postpartum month was negatively correlated with the z scores of head circumference(r = 0.248,P = 0.042) and weight for age at birth(r = 0.241,P = 0.024) in girls.No correlation was found between the breast milk Pb/Cd levels and the EPDS scores.Conclusion Considering the high levels of Pb and Cd in breast milk in this study,breast milk monitoring programs are necessary.     

Birth Defects in Assisted Reproductive Technology and Spontaneously Conceived Children： A Meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the risk of birth defects in children born following assisted reproductive technology （ART） and spontaneous conceptions. Methods This study carried out an updated systematic review to identify papers published by August 2013 with data relating to birth defects of children conceived using ART （IVF and for ICSI） compared with those spontaneously conceived and also compared birth defects between subgroups of lVF and ICSI. Results Totally 76 studies were identified for review. The individual relative risk （RR） estimated for these studies ranged from 0.44 to 5.51, a signifieantly increased risk of birth defects was observed （RR=l.36, 95%CI=1.25-1.47） in ART compared with the spontaneously conceived group, which was also evident in the subgroup analysis. Among these studies, 16 studies simultaneously gave data of birth defects comparing IVF and ICSI children, which showed no difference in risk of combined effects （RR=0.90, 95%CI=0.80 1.02）, but ICSI had a higher risk in subgroups of clinical research （RR=O. 76, 95%CI=0.65-0.89） and crude RR value （RR=O. 78, 95%CI=0.67 0.91）. Conclusion Pooled results from all suitable published studies suggested that children born following ART were at increased risk of birth defects compared with spontaneous conceptions. There is no difference in birth defect risk between children conceived by IVF or 1CS1 using a summative analysis, however, 1CS1 had a significant higher risk in birth defect risk comparing with 1VF when using subgroup analyses of sample size and RR value.     

172例早产儿视网膜病变高危因素分析

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发病情况,并研究ROP的相关危险因素.方法 选取2015年6月至2016年5月安徽省立医院新生儿科住院的出生胎龄≤34周或体质量＜2 kg的早产儿172例,根据筛查结果分为ROP组14例与无ROP组158例,对两组患儿的出生胎龄、出生体质量、性别、吸氧时间、呼吸暂停、机械通气、贫血、输血及支气管肺发育不良(BPD)等因素进行相关性分析,选择有统计学意义的因素进行多因素logistic回归分析,探讨ROP相关危险因素.结果 两组患儿出生胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧时间、呼吸暂停、机械通气、贫血、输血及BPD这8个因素差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).通过logistic回归分析发现出生胎龄、出生体质量、呼吸暂停、机械通气及BPD是ROP的相关危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 出生胎龄、出生体质量、呼吸暂停、机械通气及BPD是ROP的相关危险因素.     

严重早产儿视网膜病变相关因素分析(英文)

目的评估严重早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率及相关危险因素分析。方法回顾性分析2008年5月～2011年5月期间我院957例早产儿的临床资料和出生后4-6周或矫正胎龄32周行ROP筛查的结果。结果 957例早产儿中,发生不同程度ROP病变者86例(8.99%),其中轻度ROP 60例(6.27%),重度ROP26例(2.72%)。发生重度ROP病变的早产儿平均出生体质量为(1420.40±328.6)g,平均出生胎龄为(29.88±1.67)周,而轻度病变患儿的平均出生体质量和出生胎龄分别为(1593.28±339.3)g和(31.78±2.53)周,两组相比具有显著差异(P<0.005)。各因素中,出生胎龄、出生体质量、出生后1min、5 min Apgar评分、输血次数、呼吸暂停史及视网膜出血对严重ROP的发生有影响(P值分别为0.001、0.035、0.001、0.005、0.032、0.04、0.000,a=0.05)。经logistic回归分析,仅出生胎龄与网膜出血与严重ROP的发生有相关性(OR=0.353,95%CI 0.163-0.763,P=0.008;OR=26.133,95%CI 3.042-224.501,P=0.035)。结论严重ROP发病率呈下降趋势并且更多发生在较成熟的早产儿中,受累患儿具有第一次流行的特征。出生胎龄、网膜出血都是预测严重ROP发生的相关因素。     

早产儿视网膜病的相关影响因素及护理干预

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的相关影响因素,总结护理干预措施.方法 选择2016年2~10月我院新生儿科收治的ROP患儿56例为研究对象,另选择56例未合并ROP的早产儿纳入对照组,比较两组早产儿临床资料的差异,总结ROP的有效护理措施.结果 单因素分析显示,胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧时间、输血、呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、应用肺表面活性物质(PS)与ROP的发生有关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而性别、多胎妊娠、呼吸暂停、宫内窘迫、分娩方式等因素与ROP的发生无关(P>0.05).结论 胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧时间、输血、RDS、应用PS与ROP的发生有关,临床上应重视对ROP患儿的护理,以改善患儿预后.     

早产儿视网膜病发生率及高危致病因素分析

目的探讨早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity,ROP）的发生率及危险因素。方法对2008年1月～2009年6月在新生儿科住院的244例孕周〈36周,出生体重〈2000g的早产儿生后4周行眼底检查。根据ROP国际诊断分期法诊断和分期。结果 244例患儿之中,有不同程度的ROP患儿有49例（其中ROPI期有37例患儿,Ⅱ期有10例患儿,Ⅲ期有2例患儿）,ROP的发生率为20.08%。吸氧、出生体重、孕周、呼吸暂停、酸中毒、机械通气、PO2变化及感染、母亲妊娠并发症对ROP的发生具有明显影响;且孕周越短、出生体重越小,ROP发生率越高。结论 ROP的发生和吸氧、出生体重、孕周、呼吸暂停、酸中毒、机械通气、PO2变化及感染、母亲妊娠并发症等因素有关。孕周、出生体重、吸氧、呼吸暂停是ROP的独立危险因素。     

极低出生体重儿支气管肺发育不良高危因素分析

目的研究极低出生体重儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的危险因素。方法对四川大学华西第二医院2008年8月～2011年8月收治的241例极低出生体重儿进行回顾性研究,将其分为BPD组(31例)与非BPD组(210例),从产前及出生情况、生后治疗及合并症等方面对照,探讨BPD发生的危险因素。结果极低出生体重儿BPD发生率为12.9%,BPD组出生体重及孕周均较非BPD组低(P<0.001),母亲产前感染史、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的发生率、机械通气及用氧时间较非BPD组升高(P<0.01)。BPD组肺出血、颅内出血、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)等合并症的发生率均高于非BPD组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析得出孕周<30周(OR 5.033,P<0.01)及NRDS(OR 4.060,P<0.05)是BPD发生的高危因素。结论低胎龄及NRDS是BPD发生的高危因素,而低出生体重、母亲产前感染史、机械通气及用氧时间也与BPD发生有关。提示通过预防早产、预防孕妇感染、采取保护性通气策略可能降低BPD发生率。     

NRDS使用肺表面活性物质治疗后转归调查分析

目的探讨肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syn-drome,NRDS)对患儿病情变化和转归结果的影响。方法对2007年6月～2009年6月笔者医院新生儿重症监护中心(neonatalintensive care unit,NICU)收治的43例NRDS患儿使用PS情况及转归结果进行统计调查分析,根据是否使用PS分为PS使用组和PS未用组,对两组患儿的一般临床情况、呼吸支持情况、症状变化及转归结果进行回顾性分析。结果调查发现NRDS患儿胎龄和出生体重均较低(分别为31.0±1.5周和1.734±0.170kg);与PS未用组比较,PS使用组NRDS患儿支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)的发生率差异无统计学意义,但脑室内出血(intraventricular hemorrhage,IVH)、早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发生率、病死率和住院时间均明显降低,呼吸窘迫或呼吸困难等症状消失的时间明显缩短,接受机械通气或NCPAP的时间明显减少。结论 NRDS使用PS后虽不能完全改变转归和预后,但能有效地改善患儿肺顺应性及氧合功能,缩短需要机械通气及氧疗时间,提高患儿成活率,缩短住院时间。     

早产儿视网膜病发病率及高危因素分析

目的观察早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发病情况,同时分析其发病相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2007年4月～2009年4月在本院新生儿重症监护室（NICU）住院的201例符合ROP筛查标准的患儿。结果 ROP发病率为19.1%,不同出生体重（BW）组间ROP发病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不同孕周组间ROP发病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。Logistic回归分析结果表明,低出生体重（LBW）、低胎龄（SGA）、呼吸暂停、代谢性酸中毒是形成ROP的高危因素。结论对有高危因素的早产儿应该进行ROP筛查,临床上早期诊断、早期治疗是降低ROP危害的关键。     

早产儿视网膜病病因分析及早期防治策略

早产儿视网膜病(ROP)是早产儿视网膜血管异常形成而导致的双眼疾病,多见于极低出生体质量儿,目前大多认为早产儿视网膜血管发育不成熟是ROP发生的根本原因,与胎龄、低出生体质量、不合理吸氧、感染、贫血、输血、遗传及肺表面活性物质等因素有关。治疗上可采取合理吸氧、应用抗氧化制剂、别嘌呤醇、肺表面活性物质、糖皮质激素、细胞因子等综合措施。基因治疗为ROP提供新的途径。预防ROP的发生是防治ROP的最佳方法。     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征合并支气管肺发育不良危险因素分析

目的 探讨新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)合并支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年12月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院NICU病房收治的住院时间大于28 d的69例NRDS患儿临床资料,根据是否并发BPD分为BPD组和非BPD组,分析两组患儿出生时情况、母亲孕期状况、治疗情况及并发症等.结果 69例NRDS患儿中29例发生BPD,发生率为42％(29/69),未发生BPD的对照组患儿40例.胎龄、出生体重、男婴、剖宫产、Apgar l min≤7分、应用肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)、机械通气时间、持续气道正压通气时间(continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP)、氧疗持续时间、吸入氧浓度≥40％、动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)、呼吸机相关性肺炎、痰培养阳性例数在2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元logistic回归显示胎龄、出生体重、动脉导管未闭是发生BPD的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 避免低体重早产儿,缩短机械通气时间、减少动脉导管开放,是预防NRDS发生BPD的重要措施.     

超低出生体质量儿支气管肺发育不良的危险因素分析

目的 探讨超低出生体质量儿(ELBWI)支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的危险因素.方法 对2010年1月至2015年12月入住山东大学附属省立医院及四川省人民医院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU),出生后24 h内入院且存活至生后28 d以上的151例ELBWI的临床资料进行调查分析.BPD组纳入任何氧依赖[吸入氧浓度(FiO2)＞21％]超过28 d的新生儿,反之为非BPD组.比较两组间母亲孕期因素、新生儿因素及疾病治疗因素.结果 (1)151例ELBWI,发生BPD 57例,发生率为37.7％.(2)单因素分析结果显示,母亲是否患有绒毛膜羊膜炎、胎膜早破时间、出生体质量、胎龄、败血症、动脉导管未闭(PDA)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)、机械通气(MV)、MV时间、静脉营养时间、输血次数与ELBWI发生BPD相关,应用咖啡因是保护因素.(3)多元Logistic回归显示MV(OR=6.975,95％CI:1.464～33.219),母亲患有绒毛膜羊膜炎(OR=3.890,95％CI:1.656～9.140)是ELBWI发生BPD的独立危险因素.结论 尽可能减少宫内感染及早产,产后合理进行呼吸支持,可有效降低ELBWI的BPD发生率.