北京协和医院对18年间病理诊断肺淋巴瘤患者的回顾分析

目的回顾性总结分析肺淋巴瘤的分类、分型特征及临床特点。方法收集北京协和医院1999年-2016年近18年期间病理诊断为肺淋巴瘤的全部病例,通过光镜、免疫组织化学染色及基因重排方法进行病理分析。结果本组共有肺淋巴瘤病例142例,男女比例1︰1.33,平均年龄48岁。123例(86.6%)诊断为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,19例(13.4%)诊断为霍奇金淋巴瘤。101例(69.2%)诊断为B细胞性淋巴瘤,其中45.6%(46例)为黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤或边缘区淋巴瘤,18.8%(19例)为弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤,11.9%(12例)为淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病。22例诊断为T细胞性淋巴瘤,其中27.3%为外周T细胞淋巴瘤(6例),13.6%(3例)为NK/T细胞淋巴瘤,9.1%(2例)为间变大细胞淋巴瘤。121例患者临床资料完善,其中64例(52.9%)为原发性肺淋巴瘤,男女比例1︰1.37,平均年龄50岁;57例(47.1%)为继发性肺淋巴瘤,男女比例1︰1.19,平均年龄45岁。在原发性肺淋巴瘤中,96.9%为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,3.1%为霍奇金淋巴瘤;在继发性肺淋巴瘤中,78.9%为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,21.1%为霍奇金淋巴瘤。65例手术切除或胸腔镜下肺活检病例全部进行了病理分类及分型,77例穿刺活检病例中有22例(28.6%)进一步分型困难。结论肺淋巴瘤中最常见类型依次为黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤和淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病,其中黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤和淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病是主要的原发性肺淋巴瘤类型,而弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤和霍奇金淋巴瘤是主要的继发性肺淋巴瘤类型。开胸手术或胸腔镜下肺活检的病例易于明确病理分型,而穿刺活检病例中有小部分病例进一步分型困难。     

原发性鼻腔淋巴瘤临床病理及CT征象分析

目的 分析原发性鼻部非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床病理与CT特点.方法 应用免疫组化方法和体层摄影术对36例原发性鼻部非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的临床病理及CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果 病理类型主要以NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(21例)为主,其次是T细胞淋巴瘤(非特异型)(8例)、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(4例)、浆细胞瘤(2例)和黏膜相关淋巴瘤(1例).患者早期症状不典型;CT图像表现为鼻腔软组织密度影,部分患者病灶周围出现骨质破坏或吸收,增强扫描呈轻中度均匀强化.结论 原发性鼻部非霍奇金淋巴瘤以NK/T细胞型为主,临床表现缺乏特异性;CT表现可以显示病变部位及周围关系,有助于病变分期,确诊仍然依靠病理.     

错配修复基因hMSH2、hMLH1在非霍奇金

目的 探讨错配修复基因hMSH2、hMLH1在非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的表达及意义.方法 运用免疫组化SP法检测22例B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤及18例NK/T细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤中hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白表达情况,并探讨其与非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床病理间的关系.结果 NK/T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白表达缺失率分别为55.56%、44.44%;B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤分别为31.82%、50.00%,两种肿瘤间缺失率比较均无统计学意义.hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白表达缺失与患者性别及肿瘤是否发生于淋巴结无关.结论 错配修复基因hMSH2、hMLH1在非霍奇金淋巴瘤肿瘤组织中存在蛋白表达缺失,可导致基因组不稳定,该肿瘤易感.     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤

1概念与历史胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(mucosa associatedlym phoidtissuelymphoma,MALT)为原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的一种独特类型,具有边缘区B细胞分化和表型,低度恶性的淋巴结外的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其侵犯范围、治疗方法和预后不同于其他类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤。1983年由Isaacson和Wright首先提出,1988年得到国际的公认,2000年WHO新分类将其命名为黏膜相关淋巴组织型边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤。胃MALT淋巴瘤约占胃恶性肿瘤的1%～5%,结外淋巴瘤的25%,全部胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤的50%～60%。2病因和发病机制胃MALT淋巴瘤的病因目前不十分清楚。2.1幽门螺…     

三氧化二砷（As2O3）治疗难治性恶性淋巴瘤近期疗效

目的 观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)治疗难治性淋巴瘤的临床疗效。方法 明确病理诊断的4例淋巴瘤和1例小肠平滑肌肉瘤，As2O3 10mg/d治疗28天，15天无效停药，同时观察血常规、肝、肾功能及心电图。结果 混合细胞型霍奇金病和B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗后达完全缓解(CR)，T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤达部分缓解(PR)或稳定(S)，小肠平滑肌肉瘤无效。结论 初步观察表明As2O3是治疗难治性淋巴瘤的低毒、有效的药物。     

眼睑非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的分析首发眼睑部非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤临床病理特点。方法收集临床病理确诊眼睑非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者8例。结果7例主诉无痛性肿块,1例主诉眼睑肿痛。眼眶平片骨质破坏1例。全身淋巴结肿大1例。所有病例眼球前段及眼底未见肿瘤累及。病理为B细胞性恶性淋巴瘤。结论对眼睑肿块性质不明者需考虑是否为非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤,及时行肿物切除病理检查。     

21例原发性肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤误诊分析

胃肠道是原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤最常见的结外累及部位。原发性肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床表现无特异性,内镜活检诊断率较低。目的：回顾性分析原发性肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤误诊病例,以期提高其诊断准确率。方法：收集上海仁济医院2003年1月-2011年10月所有经手术病理证实、符合Dawson标准的原发性肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤病例,复习误诊病例,分析可能的误诊原因。结果：共入组误诊病例21例,其中弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤10例,原发性肠道T细胞淋巴瘤7例,套细胞淋巴瘤3例,黏膜相关淋巴样组织（MALT）淋巴瘤1例,大多数患者在诊断过程中曾行影像学和内镜检查。弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤多误诊为阑尾炎或胃肠炎,原发性肠道T细胞淋巴瘤常误诊为克罗恩病,套细胞淋巴瘤均误诊为结肠息肉,此外尚有误诊为肠道血管炎、淋巴细胞性胃肠炎以及未能明确消化道出血原因者。结论：不同病理类型原发性肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤在误诊为其他肠道疾病时表现各有其特点,了解这些特点可能有助于正确诊断原发性肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤。     

原发性胃肠恶性淋巴瘤24例临床分析

原发性胃肠恶性淋巴瘤占胃肠道恶性肿瘤的 1%～4 % [1] ,临床少见。收集我院 1991- 0 1～ 2 0 0 3- 0 1诊治的 2 4例原发于胃肠的恶性淋巴瘤临床资料 ,分别从误诊时间、疾病、临床诊断和治疗等方面分析讨论如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组 2 4例原发性胃肠恶性淋巴瘤 ,男 17例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 2 1～ 6 3岁 ,中位年龄 5 0岁 1999年 2月以后的 16例 ,病理诊断按修订的欧美淋巴类肿瘤的病理分类诊断为标准 ,未按此标准诊断的过去 8例患者的蜡块被调出进行重新诊断 ,结果 :B细胞性肿瘤 15例 (中度恶性 9例 ,低度恶性 6例 ) ;T细胞性肿瘤 9…     

内镜检查对原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤诊断意义

目的:分析原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤内镜下表现特征及其病理学特点.方法:我院2004-01/2008-03住院PGML患者34例,所有患者经病理组织学证实,患者均行电子胃镜检查,并行黏膜活检病理检查,同时行免疫组织化学染色检测CD3、CD20、CD45和CK等标志物,并行病理组织HE染色,阳性即判为有H pylori 感染.结果:内镜检查34例患者,病变主要在胃体(44.1%)和胃窦(29.4%),其中累及2个及其以上病变部位占61.8%,单一部位相对较少;形态表现多为溃疡型(61.8%),主要是多发性溃疡(66.7%),弥散浸润型(26.5%),隆起糜烂型(11.8%).病理结果均为B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤,4例(11.8%)为大B细胞性淋巴瘤,为高度恶性胃淋巴瘤,30例(88.2%)为低度恶性淋巴瘤;幽门螺杆菌(Hpylon)感染率为占82.4%.结论:内镜检查的广泛应用及活检的充分和准确,对于PGML具有重要的确诊意义.     

人原发性直肠恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植模型的建立及其生物学特性

目的:建立人原发性直肠恶性淋巴瘤裸小鼠原位移植模型,探讨其生物学特性.方法:采用人直肠原发性恶性淋巴瘤术中的新鲜瘤组织块植入裸鼠的直肠黏膜层内,观察原位移植的成瘤率,移植瘤的侵袭和转移率.进行形态学(光镜、电镜、免疫组织化学),染色体核型,流式细胞分析.结果:依据WHO新的分类标准,建成1株人直肠原发性(非霍奇金B细胞性)恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植模型HRBL-0305.移植瘤组织病理学为(非霍奇金B细胞性)高度恶性淋巴瘤;免疫组织化学示CD19,CD20,CD22,CD45阳性,CD3,CD7阴性.染色体众数56-69条,流式细胞DI值为1.57-1.61,均为异倍体.HRBL-0305已传至31代;共移植裸鼠187只.其肿瘤移植生长率和液氮冻存复苏成活率均为100.0%,肝转移率为45.4%,淋巴结和腹腔种植转移率均为38.0%,移植瘤在裸鼠的直肠内自主侵袭性生长,发生血液、淋巴转移和腹腔内种植性转移,移植瘤组织病理学,超微结构的观察,流式细胞DNA含量测定及染色体核型的分析,表明与人源直肠恶性淋巴瘤细胞相一致.结论:HRBL-0305是首次成功建立的人直肠原发性恶性淋巴瘤裸鼠原位移植模型,完整地重现了人直肠原发性恶性淋巴瘤的自然临床病理过程,且转移模式与临床患者相似,为研究直肠恶性淋巴瘤的生物学特性和治疗提供了理想动物模型平台.     

A case of primary Hodgkin's disease of the stomach

A case of primary Hodgkin's disease, a lymphocyte-predominant entity, occurring in the stomach is described. The patient was a 37-year-old man who complained of general fatigue. Endoscopic biopsy revealed gastric malignant lymphoma. Subtotal gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy following a modifid CHOP regimen were performed. The patient has been free of recurrence during a follow-up period of 15 months. The preoperative diagnosis of gastric Hodgkin's disease is difficult. Thus far, of 100 cases of gastric Hodgkin's disease reported in Japan, only 3 were diagnosed correctly preoperatively. We also misdiagnosed our case, as B cell type malignant lymphoma, preoperatively. The final diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease of the stomach was made on the basis of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Hodgkin's disease of the stomach is rare, and there are histologically similar diseases; Ki-1 lymphoma, adult T cell lymphoma, malignant hystiocytosis, and infectious monocytosis. Careful diagnosis is essential thus for Hodgkin's disease of the stomach.     

Long-term results of treatment of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach.

Our experience with 66 endoscopic-bioptic diagnosed malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) showed that in most of them (57 of 66 patients) a tumor stage IE or IIE was present. All 57 primary gastric lymphomas were B-cell-lymphomas arising from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). After curative primary gastric resection in stage IE and IIE the 5-year survival rate was 81%, and the 5-years lymphoma-related survival rate was 88%. These results are superior to those reported in the literature. The following two points are probably of importance for improving the prognosis: early diagnosis made possible by better knowledge of the infiltrative-flat type of tumor growth (38 out of 57 patients, including 23 cases in which infiltration was limited to mucosa and submucosa = "early lymphoma"), and extensive preoperative staging. The infiltrative-flat type, which is difficult to diagnose endoscopically, usually shows low-grade malignancy on histology (76%; in early lymphoma 83%) and has an excellent prognosis when submitted to surgery. In our experience the question as to whether additional treatment by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy improves the prognosis of NHL of the stomach remains unanswered and further studies are needed.     

胃原发性恶性淋巴瘤的内镜诊断探讨

本文分析了我院１９９１的３月至１９９５年８月经手术病理证实的１６例胃恶性淋巴瘤的内镜下特点。点镜所见以溃疡型多见，共８例。病灶多为不规则巨大溃疡，呈放射状或地图状，形态各异。息肉样型５例，表现为息肉或结节样隆起。浸润型３例，呈广泛性浅表溃疡。     

Discordant morphologic features in bone marrow involvement by malignant lymphomas: Use of gene rearrangement patterns for diagnosis

Discordant morphology between lymph node or extra-nodal site and bone marrow (BM) involvement by non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHL) is a common occurrence, causing diagnostic difficulties. Additional diagnostic problems are posed by lymphoid aggregates commonly found in the BM of elderly patients, the age group with the highest incidence of lymphoma. Morphologic features are used to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions but no feature is diagnostic and exceptions are numerous. Immu-nophenotyping is helpful for detecting B cell monoclonality, but it cannot detect T cell monoclonality. Unique B and T cell gene rearrangement patterns, the molecular “signature” of the lymphoma, can be used to detect monoclonal lymphoid populations. Finding the same rearrangement pattern in the BM as in the primary mass is proof of BM involvement by the same clone of malignant cells. We used B/T and Bcl-2 gene rearrangements to help diagnose cases with discordant morphology between primary site and BM. One hundred and seventy-five specimens, obtained from patients undergoing staging or restaging for NHL, were analyzed for B/T cell and Bcl-2 gene rearrangements by multiple restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern hybridization with 32P labeled JH, JK, CTα, and Bcl-2 probes. Forty-two specimens (24%) from 24 patients showed discordant morphology: of 13 specimens with atypical lymphoid aggregates, only one had B cell gene rearrangement; of 15 specimens with morphologically benign lymphoid aggregates, one demonstrated B cell gene rearrangement; and of 14 specimens positive for NHL with different morphology than the lymph node, 13 were positive for B cell gene rearrangements. Molecular analysis can aid in the diagnosis of NHL, can establish a “baseline” for detection of recurrence, and is useful in monitoring therapy. These data suggest that it is also a tool for the pathologist in cases of discordant morphology between the primary tumor and BM, and should be strongly considered for each site. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Immunochemical diagnosis of hepatic localizations in malignant lymphoid hematologic diseases. Study of 80 cases

The diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies was assessed in 100 liver biopsy specimens. The majority of these cases were hepatic localizations of lymphoid malignancies. Ten normal and reactive inflammatory liver biopsies were used as controls. Some monoclonal antibodies directed against leukocyte antigens revealed unexpected reactivities with normal liver structures: biliary tract (anti-CD10, anti-B MB2) and hepatocytes (anti-B LN1). In 12/17 cases of hepatic involvement by large cell malignancy, immunohistochemistry allowed the diagnosis of non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); the remaining 5 cases were metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma. It was difficult to differentiate small cell liver NHL from reactive inflammatory infiltration. New anti-B (MB1, MB2, 4KB5, LN1 and LN2) and anti-T (MT1 and UCHL1) monoclonal antibodies suitable for use on paraffin sections were of value to phenotype NHL when only fixed material was available. But, information was too limited to distinguish malignant from reactive infiltrates. Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections was often necessary to diagnose inflammatory infiltrates and to phenotype NHL. Most NHL were of B cell origin (11/13 cases) and showed monotypic surface immunoglobulins as well as B cell-associated antigens (CD22+). The expression of the T CD5 antigen by B-cell NHL may have some diagnostic value. When monotypic surface immunoglobulins could not be demonstrated (due to background staining) the expression of this antigen by B lymphocytes was considered to be highly indicative of their neoplastic nature. Hairy cell leukemia exhibited a pathognomonic phenotype on frozen sections (CD11c+, CD22+, CD25+). T NHL were rare (2 cases) and difficult to diagnose due to the lack of clonal markers. The diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease in liver (15/20 cases) was facilitated by using paraffin sections of both monoclonal antibodies anti-CD15 (Leu M1) and anti-CD30 (Ber-H2) which detect fixation-resistant antigens expressed by Sternberg cells.     

A case of synchronous early gastric cancer and diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection and chemotherapy

Among malignant tumors of the stomach, adenocarcinoma takes up about 95% and the remaining are mostly lymphomas, being less than 5%. The majority of lymphomas are B cell lymphomas, and the most common types are low-grade B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL). The synchronous occurrence of adenocarcinoma and lymphoma in the stomach is being reported rarely. Especially the concurrence of adenocarcinoma and DLBL is very scarce and less than 10 cases have been reported inside and outside this country. In the past, the general treatment for cases of concurrence of adenocarcinoma and DLBL when surgery is possible according to cancer stages was gastrectomy, followed by single or combined chemotherapy and radiation treatment. However, when considering that most cases of concurrent adenocarcinoma were early gastric cancer which is limited to the mucosa, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can become an alternative treatment method for gastrectomy. We report the experience with chemotherapy and ESD done together instead of surgery, in patients concurrently diagnosed with early gastric cancer and gastric lymphoma.     

Gastrointestinal lymphoma in Thailand: a clinicopathologic analysis of 120 cases at Siriraj Hospital according to WHO classification

Clinicopathologic information of gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma in Southeast Asia is lacking. A retrospective analysis of 120 cases of GI lymphoma in Thailand diagnosed at Siriraj Hospital based on WHO classification was performed. All were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The peak age was in the sixth and seventh decades; a slight male preponderance was observed. Sites of involvement included stomach (49.2%), intestine (46.7%), and multiple sites (4.2%). There were 104 cases of primary GI lymphoma (86.7%) and 16 cases of secondary GI lymphoma (13.3%). Presenting GI symptoms were more common in the former; while superficial lymphadenopathy and fever were more common in the latter. Mass lesions were observed in both groups (72.1% vs 56.3%). Localized and advanced diseases were found in 68.3% and 31.7% of primary GI lymphomas, respectively. The most common type of lymphoma in both groups was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Lymphoepithelial lesions (LEL) were not significantly different between the two groups (58.2% vs 42.9%), but Helicobacterpylori infection was significantly associated with primary gastric lymphoma (p < 0.0001). The treatment of choice for localized primary GI lymphoma is controversial. Complete surgical resection may increase the chance of complete remission, but mortality and relapse rates might be higher than those observed with combination chemotherapy alone. GI lymphomas in Thailand are mostly primary B-cell NHL. LEL is not indicative of primary GI lymphoma, but H. pylori infection is closely associated with primary gastric lymphoma. A prospective study to determine the treatment of choice for localized GI lymphoma is needed.     

艾滋病15例临床分析

目的　提高对艾滋病 (AIDS)的认识 ,为AIDS及时诊断提供基础资料。方法　分析经免疫印迹检测证实的 15例AIDS病人的临床资料。结果　本组病人 80 0 %经性接触感染 ;73 3 %以呼吸道感染起病 ,表现为持续发热、慢性咳嗽 ,严重者气急紫绀 ;2 6 7%以长程腹泻起病。可伴有体重进行性下降 (80 0 % )。病人从起病至确诊的时间较长。多为多种病原体混合性感染 ,单纯针对细菌治疗疗效常不理想 ,酌情采用综合治疗有66 7%的病人好转。结论　加强对AIDS的警惕性 ,对反复发热、慢性咳嗽、长程腹泻的病人应尽早行抗 HIV检查 ;尽早诊断、综合治疗是病情稳定之关键     

原发性胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤临床分析

目的 探讨原发性胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤(PGIML)的临床及病理特点。方法 回顾性总 结分析PGIML22例资料,所有病例均经内镜活检或手术后病理组织学所证实。结果 腹痛是PCIML 最常见的症状,达68.2％(15／22);胃是最常见的发生部位,达54.5％(12／22)。黏膜表面呈肿块结节 是PGIML最常见的内镜表现,达71.4％(15／21),内镜活检诊断PGIML的阳性率为52.6％(10／19)。 22例均为非何杰金淋巴瘤,20例为黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤,其中13例为MALT型结外边 缘区B细胞淋巴瘤。结论PGIML以腹痛为主要临床表现,胃的发生率最高,主要病理类型为MALT 型结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤,其预后与手术方式和术后化疗有关。