血前降钙素在儿童细菌性脑膜炎诊断中的应用价值探讨

目的　证实血前降钙素在小儿急性细菌性脑膜炎及病毒性脑炎鉴别诊断中的作用。方法　应用双位点夹心化学免疫荧光法对 6 7例中枢神经系统感染患儿的血浆前降钙素水平进行测定 ,并比较血清C反应蛋白 ,脑脊液白细胞数、蛋白含量对感染病因辅助诊断的价值。结果　 4 5例急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿血浆前降钙素水平明显升高 (4 6 4～ 74 5 0 μg/L) ,2 2例病毒性脑炎的血前降钙素水平仅有轻度升高 (0 10～ 1 2 2 μg/L) ,P <0 0 0 0 1。而血清C反应蛋白 ,脑脊液白细胞数及蛋白含量在急性细菌性脑膜炎及病毒性脑炎中有重叠。结论　血前降钙素是鉴别儿童急性细菌性脑膜炎及病毒性脑炎的有效指标     

荧光素钠试验对小儿中枢神经系统常见感染性疾病鉴别诊断的意义

本文对191例中枢神经系铣不同疾病患儿的脑脊液进行荧光素钠试验(FST),观察列病毒性脑炎(含病毒性脑膜脑炎)及颅内非感染性疾病全部阴性,结核性脑膜炎全部阳性,化脓性脑膜炎部分阳性,且后者多为晚期病例,它们之间的阴性、阳性率有显著性差异,提示此法对病毒性脑炎(含脑膜脑炎)与结核性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断有重要价值,对结核性脑膜炎与化脓性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断亦有重要的参考价值。     

细菌性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中 IGF-Ⅱ和 IGFBP-3变化及意义

目的探讨细菌性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中IGF_Ⅱ和IGFBP_3的变化及意义。方法选择细菌性脑膜炎(BM)患儿30例。病毒性脑炎(VE)35例,以非感染性疾病及非中枢神经系统疾病患儿30例作对照组,免疫放射分析法测定IGF_Ⅱ、IGFBP_3。结果BM组脑脊液中IGF_Ⅱ、IGFBP_3的浓度均高于VE组及对照组,差异具有显著性;重度组患儿脑脊液中IGF_Ⅱ、IGFBP_3的浓度显著高于轻度组,差异具有显着性;脑脊液中IGF_Ⅱ、IGF_BP_3的浓度与脑脊液中白细胞计数均无相关性(r=-0.055～0.33,P均>0.05)、与脑脊液中蛋白质浓度呈正相关(r=0.821～0.855,P均<0.001)、与脑脊液中葡萄糖浓度呈负相关(r=-0.742～-0.605,P均<0.001;)。结论IGFS和IGFBPS参与了细菌性脑膜炎的病理生理过程,并参与了脑脊液中糖和蛋白的代谢。     

脑脊液CK-BB测定在诊断细菌性脑膜炎中的意义

目的：了解脑脊液中CK-BB浓度测定对鉴别细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎的意义。方法：测定怀疑中枢神经系统感染的85例患儿脑脊液中CK-BB浓度,其中,经确诊无中枢神经系统感染患儿17例,病毒性脑膜炎患儿36例,细菌性脑膜炎患儿32例。结果：以无中枢神经系统感染的17例作为对照组,其CSF中CK-BB浓度为(0.90±0.63) U/L,病毒性脑膜脑炎中CK-BB为(1.20±0.52) U/L;细菌性脑膜炎的CSF中CK-BB浓度为(32.40±13.60) U/L,显著高于病毒性脑膜炎患儿(t=2.95,P<0.01)和对照组(t=3.12,P<0.01)。结论：脑脊液中CK-BB可作为鉴别细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎的一项可靠指标。     

脑脊液磷酸己糖异构酶检测用于脑膜炎诊断的探讨

应用比色法检测１５例化脓性脑膜炎，１４例病毒性脑膜炎或脑炎，２３例非神经系统疾患患儿的脑脊液磷酸己糖异构酶活性。三组患儿脑脊液磷酸己糖异构酶活性分别为４０７．０±７６．１、１５．０±３．５和７．０±１．０Ｕ／Ｌ。化脓性脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液酶活性显著高于其他二组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而病毒性脑膜炎或脑炎组和对照组比较，差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示脑脊液磷酸己糖异构酶测定在化脓性脑膜炎的诊断及病毒性脑膜炎或脑炎的鉴别诊断方面有很高的应用价值。     

神经元特异性烯醇化酶对脑膜炎患儿的诊断价值

目的探讨脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶(CSF-NSE)对脑膜炎患儿的诊断价值。方法采用ELISA对18例化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)、13例结核性脑膜炎(结脑)及25例病毒性脑膜炎(病脑)及18例正常儿童CSF-NSE进行测定。结果与对照组比较,化脑及结脑患儿CSF-NSE水平均显著升高(P均<0.05);病脑患儿无显著性差异(P>0.05);化脑及结脑患儿CSF-NSE水平较病脑患儿显著升高(P<0.05);化脑、结脑、病脑患儿CSF-NSE与其CSF白细胞数及蛋白水平均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论CSF-NSE测定可作为鉴别化脑和病脑的重要参考指标之一,也可作为评价脑膜炎患儿病情严重程度及预后的生化指标。     

颅内感染患儿血清及脑脊液肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6水平变化的意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6在儿童颅内感染中的作用。方法采用酶标记免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)双抗体夹心法对25例化脓性脑膜炎(PM)患儿,17例结核性脑膜炎(TM),30例病毒性脑膜炎(VM)及20例正常对照儿童,分别进行血清和脑脊液TNF-α、IL-1β与IL-6水平检测。结果颅内感染患儿脑脊液TNF-α、IL-1β与IL-6水平显著高于血清水平(Pa<0.05),且血清水平与脑脊液水平呈正相关(Pa<0.05)。血清TNF-α与IL-1β在细菌性脑膜炎(BM)组均高于病毒性脑膜炎(VM)组(Pa<0.05);IL-6在PM最高,结核性脑膜炎(TM)、VM次之,与对照组比较均有显著性差异(Pa<0.05)。脑脊液中TNF-α在PM最高,TM次之;IL-1β与IL-6在TM最高,PM、VM次之,与对照组比较均有显著性差异(Pa<0.05)。结论TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6在颅内感染中起重要作用,对颅内感染的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

新蝶呤和S100b在诊断儿童中枢神经系统感染中的价值

目的 研究脑脊液中新蝶呤（NPT）、S100b水平在诊断儿童中枢神经系统感染中的价值。方法 采用ELISA法测定中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液NPT及S100b浓度,对比感染及非感染患儿之间指标的异同,并采用ROC法评价两种指标的诊断价值。结果 病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中NPT及S100b浓度较对照组及化脓性脑膜炎患儿明显升高,差异有统计学意义（PP>0.05）,但化脓性脑膜炎患儿S100b水平明显高于对照组（P结论 NPT及S100b在儿童中枢神经系统感染的诊断中有一定的价值,且在诊断病毒性脑炎中作用明显,尤以S100b指标为佳。     

不同类型脑膜炎患儿脑脊液14-3-3蛋白变化的意义

目的 检测脑脊液14-3-3蛋白在不同类型脑膜炎中的变化及在判断脑损伤程度中的价值.方法 收集2009年7月至2010年6月深圳市儿童医院诊断的22例病毒性脑膜炎、20例细菌性脑膜炎及15例单纯热性惊厥对照组脑脊液标本,采用Western blot法分析脑脊液14-3-3蛋白条带,并用ELISA定量检测14-3-3蛋白水平,同时与临床表现、预后、EEG、头颅CT或MRI进行相关性分析.结果 细菌性脑膜炎中14-3-3蛋白阳性率为65.0％(13/22例),病毒性脑膜炎组阳性率为27.3％(6/22例),2组比较差异有统计学意义.ELISA定量检测中,与对照组[(0.9±0.1)μg/L]比较,细菌性脑膜炎组[(5.6±0.2) μg/L]及病毒性脑膜炎组[(3.2±0.3) μg/L]脑脊液14-3-3蛋白水平均升高,治疗后14-3-3蛋白均明显下降,差异有统计学意义；在临床表现、影像学、EEG表现脑损伤严重的病例,脑脊液中14-3-3蛋白也明显升高；在预后方面,14-3-3蛋白明显升高的病例,预后差,表现为癫(痫)、死亡等.结论 脑脊液14-3-3蛋白可用于鉴别病毒性脑膜炎及细菌性脑膜炎,同时14-3-3蛋白升高程度与疾病严重程度有一定相关性.     

足月儿与早产儿细菌性脑膜炎的临床分析

目的 探讨足月儿和早产儿细菌性脑膜炎的临床特征及转归特点。方法 回顾性分析102例新生儿细菌性脑膜炎患儿的临床资料,根据胎龄分为早产儿组（n=46）及足月儿组（n=56）,比较两组患儿临床表现、实验室结果、影像学结果及临床转归。结果 早产儿组临床表现主要为反应差和呼吸暂停/急促（P < 0.05）,足月儿组则以发热及抽搐多见（P < 0.05）。足月儿组脑脊液糖高于早产儿组（P < 0.05）,早产儿组C-反应蛋白、血培养阳性率及不良预后发生率高于足月儿组（P < 0.05）。两组外周血白细胞计数、脑脊液白细胞、脑脊液蛋白及脑脊液培养阳性率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 早产儿及足月儿细菌性脑膜炎临床表现有所不同,早产儿组不良预后发生率更高。     

Concentrations of nucleotides, nucleosides, purine bases and urate in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis

The release of agents mediating inflammation in meningitis may bring about neuronal hypoxia, under which circumstances ATP concentrations decrease and its degradation products increase and are released into the cerebrospinal fluid. In this study of alterations in neuronal energy metabolism in meningitis, AMP, IMP, inosine, adenosine, guanosine, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and urate were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in the cerebrospinal fluid of 54 children aged between 1 month and 13 years suffering from meningitis (25 viral, 24 bacterial and 5 tuberculous cases) and 63 controls. Compared to the controls, patients with viral meningitis exhibited high concentrations of IMP, adenosine, guanosine, adenine, guanine and xanthine; patients with bacterial meningitis exhibited high concentrations of IMP, inosine, guanosine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and urate; and patients with tuberculous meningitis exhibited high concentrations of AMP, guanosine, xanthine and uratc. Viral and bacterial cases did not differ significantly for any of the metabolites studied. AMP and urate concentrations were significantly higher in patients with tuberculous cases compared with viral or bacterial meningitis cases.     

可溶性DLL1在儿童颅内感染性疾病诊断中的意义

目的：探讨脑脊液（CSF）及血清中可溶性DLL1的水平在儿童颅内感染诊断中的意义。方法：选择颅内感染患儿50例（结脑20例,病脑20例,化脑10例）以及非颅内感染患儿（对照组）20例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验定量测定患儿CSF及血清中可溶性DLL1的水平。结果：结脑组患儿CSF中可溶性DLL1的水平明显高于病脑组、化脑组及对照组（2.89±1.72 ng/mL vs 0.14±0.14 ng/mL, 0.27±0.21 ng/mL, 0.13±0.12 ng/mL; P＜0.01）;结脑组患儿血清中可溶性DLL1的水平也明显高于病脑组、化脑组及对照组（12.61±6.45 ng/mL vs 2.28±2.27 ng/mL, 2.38±1.79 ng/mL, 2.26±2.10 ng/mL; P＜0.01）;病脑组、化脑组与对照组相比,CSF及血清中可溶性DLL1的水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：可溶性DLL1的检测作为一种新的指标,在结脑诊断中可能有潜在重要价值。     

Concentrations of nucleotides, nucleosides, purine bases and urate in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis

The release of agents mediating inflammation in meningitis may bring about neuronal hypoxia, under which circumstances ATP concentrations decrease and its degradation products increase and are released into the cerebrospinal fluid. In this study of alterations in neuronal energy metabolism in meningitis, AMP, IMP, inosine, adenosine, guanosine, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and urate were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in the cerebrospinal fluid of 54 children aged between 1 month and 13 years suffering from meningitis (25 viral, 24 bacterial and 5 tuberculous cases) and 63 controls. Compared to the controls, patients with viral meningitis exhibited high concentrations of IMP, adenosine, guanosine, adenine, guanine and xanthine; patients with bacterial meningitis exhibited high concentrations of IMP, inosine, guanosine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and urate; and patients with tuberculous meningitis exhibited high concentrations of AMP, guanosine, xanthine and uratc. Viral and bacterial cases did not differ significantly for any of the metabolites studied. AMP and urate concentrations were significantly higher in patients with tuberculous cases compared with viral or bacterial meningitis cases.     

中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液和血清补体C3、C4变化

目的：观察中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液（CSF）和血清补体C3、C4水平变化。方法：采用免疫透射比浊法检测14例细菌性脑膜炎（化脑组）及18例病毒性脑炎（病脑组）患儿急性期CSF和血清中补体C3、C4水平，并选取上呼吸道感染患儿16例为对照组，同时检测对照组CSF及血清补体C3、C4水平。对3组进行对照分析。结果：1．化脑组CSF和血清补体C3、C4水平明显高于病脑和对照组（F=46．878，93．104，22．603，80．647 Pa〈0．01），病脑与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（Pa〉0．05）。2．化脑组CSF中补体C3、C4水平与其血清水平均无相关性（r=0．036，0．129 Pa〉0．05）。结论：测定CSF和血清补体C3、C4水平有助于早期诊断及鉴别诊断中枢神经系统感染。     

ELISA-its evaluation in diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis

Diagnostic utility of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in hospitalised patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of tuberculous meningitis (94 cases) was studied. CSF Anti-tubercular IgG antibody levels were estimated by ELISA in 44 cases of proven tuberculous meningitis, 24 proven pyogenic meningitis and in 48 non-tuberculous cases. The cut off dilution was established at a CSF dilution of 1 :1 (undiluted) with positive and negative controls. The ELISA test had a sensitivity of 97.72% and a specificity of 95.35% using MSE antigen. When compared with conventional smear examination and culture isolation from specimens, the ELISA test proved statistically superior in the detection rate or diagnosis of clinically suspected tuberculous meningitis cases (P < 0.05).     

Interleukin-8 levels in children with bacterial,tuberculous and aseptic meningitis

Objective : Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is produced in monocytes and vascular endothelial cells in response to stimulation with bacteria or lipopolysaccharides, and is released from these cells into blood stream or tissue fluid.Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin-8 in 56 children with nonbacterial, bacterial and tuberculous meningitis (TBM), and in 15 control subjects were analyzed to evaluate the involvement of this cytokine in the pathogenesis acute bacterial meningitis and their discriminative value between different etiologies of meningitis. The kinetics of IL-8 concentrations during the course of bacterial meningitis was also evaluated in patients. IL-8 levels were significantly higher in bacterial and TBM than in aseptic meningitis and in control subjects (p<0.0001).Results: There was no difference in the levels of IL-8 between the non-bacterial meningitis and control groups. The analysis of the kinetics of production of IL-8 in patients with bacterial meningitis showed that the SSF concentrations of this cytokine decreased to undetectable values in recovery stage. Conversely in patients with TBM the concentrations of IL-8 were elevated in two weeks after beginning the specific treatment.Conclusion : The results suggest that determining IL-8 levels may be useful in the differential diagnosis.     

Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein measurement--a bedside test in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

C-reactive protein (C-RP) determinations were performed by the Latex agglutination method on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 212 patients with clinical features suggestive of meningitis. Patients were grouped as follows Group I: bacterial meningitis and partially treated bacterial meningitis (n = 22). Group II: viral encephalitis (n = 11). Group III: tuberculous meningitis (n = 18). Group IV: (i) febrile convulsions (n = 87); (ii) epileptic seizures (n = 70); (iii) intracranial haemorrhage (n = 4). C-RP was a better indicator of bacterial meningitis (sensitivity 91 per cent) than the Gram's stain (sensitivity 46 per cent). C-RP was positive in 91 per cent of patients in Group I, none in Groups II and III and 0.6 per cent in Group IV. C-RP determination in CSF proved to be a useful indicator of bacterial meningitis and served to distinguish it from viral encephalitis, tuberculous meningitis, febrile convulsions and other central nervous system disorders.     

病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液和血清中S-100B蛋白的变化

目的探讨脑脊液和血清S-100B蛋白含量变化对病毒性脑炎患儿脑损伤的评估价值。方法将56例病毒性脑膜炎患儿分为无昏迷组(40例)与昏迷组(16例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法检测56例病毒性脑炎患儿和16例非神经系统疾病患儿脑脊液和血清中的S-100B蛋白含量,并进行动态观察。结果(1)昏迷组的脑脊液和血清S-100B蛋白含量显著高于无昏迷组,无昏迷组S-100B蛋白含量与对照组有差异。(2)脑脊液和血清中S-100B蛋白的变化随着病毒性脑炎患儿的病情变化而发生变化。结论血清中的S-100B蛋白可作为病毒性脑炎患儿脑损伤的标志物,有助于病情的判定。     

病毒性脑炎、脑膜炎多病原的探讨

为探讨北主地区病毒性脑炎及脑膜炎的病原学构成,采用微量细胞培养法,应用人胚肺二倍体细胞（ＨＥＦ）、人表此样癌细胞（Ｈｅｐ－２）、猴肾传代细胞（Ｖｅｒｏ）及狗肾传代细胞（ＭＤＣＫ）等４种细胞系对８６例脑炎、脑膜为患儿的脑脊液、粪便及咽试标本进行了病毒分离。结果３６例分离到了病毒,阳性率为４１．８６＾（３６／８６例）,其中肠道病毒３型（ＡｄＶ３）８例,单纯疱疹病毒１例（ＨＳＶ１）７例,阳性率分别为２０