老年急性髓细胞白血病的临床特点

根据老年急性髓细胞白血病的临床特点,寻求治疗老年急性髓细胞性白血病的有效措施。回顾性分析25例老年急性髓细胞白血病的临床资料,治疗按个体差异分为姑息治疗组、小剂量HA化疗组及标准剂量联合化疗组,并对其治疗效果进行比较。老年急性髓细胞白血病,具有独特的生物学及临床特征;姑息治疗组3例,CR率为0;小剂量HA化疗组7例,CR率28.6%;标准剂量联合化疗组15例,CR率33.3%。标准剂量联合化疗组的CR率及平均存活期均高于小剂量HA化疗组,而诱导期死亡率则低于小剂量HA化疗组,但其差异均无统计学意义。对老年急性髓细胞性白血病的化学治疗应个体化,并辅以积极的综合治疗,才能有望提高疗效。     

去甲氧柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷治疗急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

目的:评价去甲氧柔红霉素(IDA)联合阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)(IA方案)治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效及不良反应。方法:50例AML患者,年龄10-61岁(中位年龄38岁),男27例,女23例。诱导化疗方案为IDA 10mg.m-2.d-1,d1-3;Ara-C 100mg.m-2.d-1,d1-7。结果:完全缓解率达86%,诱导化疗期间未发生早期死亡。不良反应主要为粒细胞缺乏所致的感染及血小板减少所致的出血。结论:IDA-A方案作为AML的诱导缓解化疗,安全、有效,具有较高的CR率。     

老年急性白血病的临床特点(附45例临床分析)

目的 :根据老年急性白血病独特的生物学及临床特征 ,寻求治疗老年急性白血病的有效措施。方法 :回顾性分析 45例老年急性白血病 ,其中 30例在积极支持治疗下 ,按个体差异采取不同的化疗方案。结果 :单药化疗组 :低增生性 8例 ,用小剂量三尖杉酯碱 CR2例 (2 5 % ) ,4例 M3用全反式维甲酸均 CR(10 0 % ) ;联合化疗组 :AL L4例 ,CR3例 (75 % ) ,AML14例 ,CR5例 (35 .7% )。30例中总 CR率 46 .7%。结论 :对老年急性白血病的化学治疗应具个体化 ,并进行综合治疗 ,才可望提高老年急性白血病的疗效。     

生存五年以上死亡急性白血病17例报告

目的:探讨急性白血病(AL)生存五年以上死亡原因.方法:采用回顾性系列研究,统计本院生存五年以上死亡急性白血病患儿的发病年龄、性别、化疗前病程、分型、病史、临床表现、血常规、骨髓象、并发症、微小残留病灶检测(MRD)、染色体检测、诱导方案、完全缓解(CR)时间、复发时间、直接死因等进行分析.结果:急性淋巴细胞白血病、男性、白细胞数过高、化疗强度不够、出现髓外白血病、MRD( )易复发,复发后放弃治疗或不规则治疗易全身浸润造成多器官脏器功能衰竭(MOF)死亡,化疗后骨髓抑制易出血、感染死亡.结论:白血病应坚持规范化、个体化长期治疗,停药后仍应定期监测以防复发,复发再诱导缓解后应进行干细胞移植根治白血病.     

HA联合替尼泊苷或表柔比星治疗急性髓系白血病疗效观察

目的:探讨高三尖杉脂碱+阿糖胞苷联合替尼泊苷（HAT）或表柔比星（HAE)治疗急性髓系白血病（AML)的疗效及毒副反应。方法:回顾性分析了初治急性髓系白血病患者以HAT或HAE方案进行诱导化疗的疗效和毒性反应。统计完全缓解率（CR）及总生存（OS）率分析。结果:初治AML患者在HAT和HAE组一疗程诱导化疗CR率分别为90%和81%。两组中CR患者3年实际OS率分别为33.3%和53.8%。至随访结束HAT组无复发生存22.2%,HAE组30.7%。预期5年总生存率HAT组为20%,HAE组为44%。化疗相关的毒副反应主要为造血抑制和感染,患者可以耐受。结论:HA联合替尼泊苷或表柔比星诱导化疗疗效满意,不良反应可以耐受,可以作为一线诱导化疗方案。     

低剂量地西他滨联合减量HAG方案治疗老年低增生急性髓系白血病疗效观察

目的:观察低剂量地西他滨联合减量HAG方案（HHT、Ara-C、G-CSF)诱导治疗老年低增生急性髓系白血病的疗效及安全性。方法:对我院2015年1月至2018年1月收治的46例初诊的老年低增生急性髓系白血病患者进行回顾性分析，应用低剂量地西他滨联合减量HAG方案诱导化疗，观察疗效并评价其安全性。结果:46例患者均完成2个疗程治疗，骨髓造血恢复后复查骨髓象评估疗效。其中完全缓解(complete remission，CR) 20例(43.5%)，部分缓解(partial remission，PR)9例(19.6%)，总有效率(overall remission rate，ORR)为63.0%(29/46)。46例患者均出现Ⅲ-Ⅳ级血液学毒性、粒细胞减少引起的感染及血小板减少引起的出血为主的合并症。恶心呕吐、肝肾功损害、心脏毒性等非血液学毒性均可耐受，均无治疗相关死亡病例。性别、年龄、KPS评分对完全缓解率无明确影响(P＞0.05)。正常细胞遗传学患者较不良细胞遗传学患者缓解率高，具有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。结论:低剂量地西他滨联合减剂量 HAG方案治疗老年低增生急性髓系白血病疗效确切，缓解率较高，毒副反应可安全耐受。     

老年急性白血病化疗效果观察

目的：分析老年急性白血病临床特点，评价疗效。方法：对初治的老年急性白血病21例进行临床分析，其中60岁～69岁15例，70岁以上6例，男性14例，女性7例，急性髓细胞白血病(AML)16例，急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)5例。治疗以小到中剂量HA、DA、EA、COMP及HOAP等联合化疗或小剂量三尖杉酯碱、小剂量阿糖胞苷单药化疗。结果：总CR率47.6％，AML组CR率50.0％，ALL组CR率40.0％，60岁～69岁CR率53.3％，70岁以上33.3％。结论：老年急性白血病临床上有其特殊性，治疗上更强调个体化。总的对化疗反应差，缓解率低，生存期短，死亡率高。     

老年急性髓系白血病治疗的研究进展

目的:总结国内外老年急性髓系白血病(AML)的治疗现状,探讨传统化疗、造血干细胞移植及新药在老年AML治疗中的应用.方法:应用Med-line及PubMed全文数据库检索系统,以"老年、急性髓系白血病、治疗"等为关键词,检索 2004-01-2011-06的相关文献.纳入标准:1)传统化疗在老年AML治疗中应用；2)老...     

伊马替尼联合化疗治疗成年人费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病效果分析

目的分析伊马替尼联合化疗治疗成年人费城染色体阳性(Ph^+)急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的临床疗效。方法收集2012年6月至2016年1月就诊于中国医科大学附属第一医院的成年Ph^+ALL患者35例,其中联合化疗组21例,单纯化疗组14例。定期监测血常规、骨髓细胞形态学、免疫分析、染色体及融合基因等,评估疗效。联合化疗组4例患者第1次完全缓解(CR1)后行造血干细胞移植治疗。结果联合化疗组诱导治疗后完全缓解(CR)率为76%(16/21),单纯化疗组为36%(5/14),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.734,P=0.033)。联合化疗组(除移植患者)中位总生存(OS)时间为14个月(2~18个月),单纯化疗组5个月(0.33~10个月),两组比较差异有统计学意义(U=12.0,P=0.007)。联合化疗组中位无病生存(DFS)时间为8个月(0~15个月),单纯化疗组为2个月(0~6个月),两组比较差异有统计学意义(U=12.5,P=0.007)。4例移植患者中位OS时间26个月(22~39个月),中位DFS时间22个月(17~36个月)。结论Ph+ALL患者诱导治疗期采用伊马替尼联合化疗可提高CR率,延长DFS及OS时间,为移植赢得时间与机会。CR1后有条件者及时行造血干细胞移植治疗可延长生存时间。     

微移植联合化疗与单纯化疗治疗较高危骨髓增生异常综合征的疗效比较

目的:比较微移植联合地西他滨序贯改良HAG方案与单纯化疗治疗较高危骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者的临床疗效及不良反应，探讨微移植在MDS中应用的可行性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析我院共33例较高危骨髓增生异常综合征患者经微移植联合地西他滨序贯改良HAG方案（21例）和单纯化疗（12例）治疗过程及转归。结果:微移植组14例（66.7%）CR，单纯化疗组3例（25.0%）CR，两组之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。微移植组与单纯化疗组中性粒细胞中位恢复时间分别为13 d、15.5 d，两组之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），血小板中位恢复时间分别为16 d、18 d，两组之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。微移植组1年OS率达90.5%，2年OS率达81.0%，单纯化疗组1年OS率达50.0%，2年OS率达41.7%，两组之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。微移植组1年PFS率达57.1%，2年PFS率达42.9%，单纯化疗组1年PFS率达 41.7%，2年PFS率达25.0%。结论:微移植联合化疗治疗较高危骨髓增生异常综合征疗效、安全性均较好。     

Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy consisting of anthracycline for 3 days and cytarabine for 7 days in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Optimal therapeutic strategy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia has not been established. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 24 patients who underwent induction chemotherapy, consisting of anthracycline for 3 days and cytarabine for 7 days. Regimens of induction therapy included cytarabine and daunorubicin (n=19), cytarabine and idarubicine (n=3), enocitabine and daunorubicin (n=2). Eleven patients (45.8%) achieved complete remission (CR). Three patients (12.5%) died without relapse or of progression underlying diseases. Of the 11 patients who achieved CR, 9 received consolidation therapy. The median survival was 11.2 months, and the median of event-free survival and overall survival in the patients who achieved CR was 9.4 months and 21.6 months, respectively. This study indicated that induction chemotherapy which consisted of anthracycline for 3 days and cytarabine for 7 days is effective and safe for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.     

Non-anthracycline based remission induction therapy for newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia aged 60 or older

We assessed remission rates and toxicity in 24 consecutive elderly (age>or=60) patients with untreated Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received the anthracycline-free combination of fludarabine, cytosine arabinoside and G-CSF (FLAG) as initial induction chemotherapy at our center. CR was achieved following one cycle of FLAG in 14 patients (58%). Another four patients cleared blasts from their bone marrow by day 30 without complete platelet recovery. Three patients died from infections prior to neutrophil recovery (12%). No other grade 3/4 toxicities and no clinically significant mucositis were seen. No significant association was found between age, WBC and cytogenetic risk group with likelihood of achieving CR. Fifteen patients proceeded to consolidation therapy and seven patients received a stem cell transplant (six autologous, one allogeneic). Primary induction with FLAG in elderly AML patients achieves a high remission rate without prohibitive mucosal or cardiac toxicity and may thus be considered as an alternative to standard anthracycline-based regimens in this setting.     

Treatment of elderly patients (> or =60 years) with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Results of the Italian multicenter group GIMEMA with ATRA and idarubicin (AIDA) protocols.

In all, 134 elderly patients (median age 66 years, range 60-75 years) with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were enrolled in two successive protocols of the Italian multicenter group GIMEMA. All patients received an identical induction with all-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin; 116 (86%) entered complete remission (CR), two (2%) were resistant and 16 (12%) died during induction. After CR, 106 patients received further therapy whereas 10 did not, because of refusal (n=5) or toxicity (n=5). Consolidation consisted of three chemotherapy courses in the AIDA protocol (AIDA, 67 patients) or, since 1997, of an amended protocol including only the first cycle (amended AIDA, aAIDA, 39 patients). In the AIDA group, 43 patients (64%) completed consolidation, while seven (11%) and 17 (25%) patients were withdrawn after first and second courses, respectively; nine patients (13%) died in CR and 12 (18%) relapsed. In the aAIDA group, all patients received the assigned treatment; two patients (5%) died in CR and six (15%) relapsed. In the AIDA and aAIDA series, the 3-year overall and discase-free survival rates were 81 and 83% (P=NS), 73 and 72% (P=NS), respectively. We highlight here the frequency and severity of complications linked to intensive chemotherapy in this clinical setting and suggest that, in APL of the elderly, less intensive postremission therapy allows significant reduction of severe treatment-related toxicity and may be equally effective.     

Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia: Treatment of Elderly Patients

Forty-six elderly patients with acute non lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were treated with a low toxicity drug combination (Oncovin, low dose Ara-C and Prednisone (OAP)) or with much more aggressive regimens. Complete remission was achieved in 6/23 patients treated with OAP and in 9/23 with aggressive chemotherapy (AC). The mean duration of remission was 18 and 27 weeks, respectively. Ten patients in the first group and 5 patients in the second group were resistant to therapy. During OAP treatment, 7 patients died, 6 during the induction phase and 1 in the consolidation phase, while 9 patients in the group treated aggressively died during the induction phase

We conclude that aggressive regimens may be used in well selected elderly patients while patients with severe preexisting medical diseases may be treated with less aggressive drug combination     

Continuous drip infusion of low dose cytarabine and etoposide with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy

BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES: The optimal strategy for the management of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is still controversial. We previously reported the effectiveness of low dose cytarabine (Ara-C) and etoposide (VP-16) (AV therapy) for those elderly AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. We initiated the present feasibility study to improve the efficacy by using glanulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) with AV therapy (AVG therapy). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The eligibility for enrolment was AML patients according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria who were over 60 years of age and who had difficulty in tolerating intensive chemotherapy due to their poor performance status (PS) or some comorbidities. They were given continuous drip infusion of Ara-C (20 mg/body) and VP-16 (50 mg/body) for 7-14 days, and were also simultaneously administered G-CSF (150 microg/m2) once daily. RESULTS: The median age of consecutively enrolled 25 patients was 73 years. Eighteen (72%) patients achieved complete remission (CR). The 1-year overall survival (OS) and the 3-year OS rates were 69% and 22%, respectively. The 1-year disease free survival (DFS) rate in CR patients was 44%. The major regimen related toxicities of grade 3 or 4 were only febrile neutropenia in 15 patients (60%). No regimen-related mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: AVG therapy was therefore found to be an effective and well-tolerated regimen for remission induction in elderly AML patients with poor PS or comorbidity.     

Effect of all-trans-retinoic acid alone or in combination with chemotherapy in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Between February 1992 and November 1996 we treated 30 newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) patients either with oral all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) alone (45 mg m^-2) or with a simultaneous combination of ATRA (45 mg m^-2), daunorubicin (DNR, 50 mg/m^-2 for 3 days) and cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C, 200 mg m^-2 for 7 days). There were 15 patients in each group. Patients with a white blood cell count < 5 x 10⁹/l at diagnosis received only ATRA as an induction therapy. Patients with initial white blood cell count > 5 x 10⁹/l received a combination of ATRA, DNR and ARA-C as an induction therapy. Within the first 20 days of induction, there were two early deaths in the group of patients receiving only ATRA, and six early deaths in the group of patients treated with a combination of ATRA and chemotherapy. Ten out of 13 patients (76.9%) receiving ATRA only achieved complete remission (CR) whereas seven out of nine patients (77.8%) receiving ATRA with chemotherapy achieved CR. Initial median peripheral white blood cell counts were significantly lower in the group of patients treated with ATRA alone (2.3 x 10⁹/l) than in the group of patients receiving ATRA and chemotherapy (14.0 x 10⁹/l). Morphological evidence of differentiation was noted in all patients entering CR. Patients in both groups who achieved CR received one course of standard ′3+7′ chemotherapy (DNR 45 mg m^-2,1 -3 days, ARA-C 200 mg m^-2,1-7 days) followed by two courses of standard ′2+5′ chemotherapy (DNR 50 mg m^-2 1-2 days, ARA-C 200 mg m^-2 1-5 days) as a consolidation therapy. Patients not achieving remission (three out of 13 in the ATRA group and two out of nine in ATRA+chemotherapy group) did not respond to salvage chemotherapy and all died within 3 months of diagnosis. Only one out of 10 patients (10%) in CR, treated with ATRA is in relapse after 18 months. In patients treated with ATRA alone two out of 10 (20%) survived 58 months following diagnosis whereas in the ATRA+chemotherapy group one out of seven has already survived their 58th month since diagnosis. Four out of eight patients with an early death died of retinoic acid syndrome. Other toxicities due to ATRA were minimal (cheilitis, xerosis, dermatitis, diarrhoea, liver damage or pseudotumor cerebri).     

Clinical effect of imatinib added to intensive combination chemotherapy for newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Clinical impact of imatinib was evaluated in 20 patients (median age, 37 years; range, 15-67 years) with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), who were administered with induction chemotherapy of daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone, and L-asparaginase, along with imatinib 600 mg/day during remission induction and 400 mg/day during consolidation courses. One patient died on day 14 from septic shock, while the remaining 19 achieved complete remission (CR). In total, 15 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) during first CR. After median follow-up period of 799 days, six patients experienced recurrence; two with early recurrence within 100 days, one with leptomeningeal recurrence at 11 month, and three with post-HCT recurrence. Eight patients died. Median CR duration (821 days) and median patient survival (894 days) in the study were significantly longer by 2.9- and 2.3-fold, respectively, when compared to those of 18 historical patients treated with same regimen of combination chemotherapy without imatinib. Toxicities of the combined treatment were manageable and included grade 4 myelosuppression (n = 20) and reversible > or = grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia (n = 4). Beneficial clinical effects were observed when imatinib was added to combination chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. Further studies with larger number of patients are necessary.     

Imatinib and methylprednisolone alternated with chemotherapy improve the outcome of elderly patients with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of the GRAALL AFR09 study.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the elderly is characterized by its ominous prognosis. On the other hand, imatinib has demonstrated remarkable, although transient, activity in relapsed and refractory Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), which prompted us to assess the use of imatinib in previously untreated elderly patients. ALL patients aged 55 years or older were given steroids during 1 week. Ph+ve cases were then offered a chemotherapy-based induction followed by a consolidation phase with imatinib and steroids during 2 months. Patients in complete response (CR) after consolidation were given 10 maintenance blocks of alternating chemotherapy, including two additional 2-month blocks of imatinib. Thirty patients were included in this study and are compared with 21 historical controls. Out of 29 assessable patients, 21 (72%, confidence interval (CI): 53-87%) were in CR after induction chemotherapy vs 6/21 (29%, CI: 11-52%) in controls (P=0.003). Five additional CRs were obtained after salvage with imatinib and four after salvage with additional chemotherapy in the control group. Overall survival (OS) is 66% at 1 year vs 43% in the control group (P=0.005). The 1-year relapse-free survival is 58 vs 11% (P=0.0003). The use of imatinib in elderly patients with Ph+ ALL is very likely to improve outcome, including OS.