浅谈胶质细胞在帕金森病中的双重作用

帕金森病是中老年人常见的中枢神经系统变性疾病.胶质细胞与帕金森病相关,一方面,它能促进神经元的存活;另一方面,它又参与多巴胺能神经元的变性,促进帕金森病的发生和发展.该文就胶质细胞在帕金森病中可能发生的保护和毒性作用及其机制作一综述.     

神经干细胞治疗帕金森病

帕金森病是常见的神经组织变性疾病,以中脑黑质多巴胺(DA)神经元变性坏死和脑内出现Lewy小体为主要病理特点.迄今为止,帕金森病的治疗仍以左旋多巴(L-dopa)替代疗法为主,而长期使用L-dopa常引起运动和精神障碍,与帕金森病本身一样有害,且无证据支持L-dopa治疗能阻止DA神经元的变性.     

帕金森病与糖尿病之间的相关性研究

帕金森病和糖尿病都是与年龄有关的慢性疾病,严重影响了老年人的生活质量,且两者具有明显相似的细胞功能失调的途径。该文综述了帕金森病与糖尿病两者发病机制存在的相关性、两者共同的病理生理学机制以及高血糖对帕金森病的影响,最后总结了两者临床的相关性,并提出了通过调节糖代谢、胰岛素转导通路等在帕金森病治疗方面的前景。     

帕金森病的药物治疗

帕金森病是一种常见的神经系统变性疾病,在60岁以上的人口中发病率为1%,随着人口年龄老化,帕金森病的治疗研究已成为当今重要的课题之一. 1 帕金森病的病理与生化改变 帕金森病的发病与选择性基底节老化变性有关,外界环境也可能有影响,青年时受外界毒物如吡啶类影响,加上神经易损性,多巴胺神经元丧失,可能是导致帕金森病的原因.     

帕金森病与胶质细胞

帕金森病是中老年人常见的中枢神经系统变性疾病.胶质细胞与帕金森病相关,一方面,它能促进神经元的存活;另眄一方面,它又参与多巴胺能神经元的变性,促进帕金森病的发生和发展.该文就胶质细胞在帕金森病中可能发生的保护和毒性作用及其机制作一综述.     

帕金森病转基因动物模型研究进展

帕金森病是中老年人常见的神经系统变性疾病,以黑质多巴胺能神经元的变性缺失和胞质内包涵体——路易小体的出现为病理特征.但是其发病机制还不清楚,治疗及预后较差.建立与人类临床病理特征相似的帕金森病动物模型是研究其发病机制及寻求有效治疗方法的新常态途径.本文主要介绍了帕金森病转基因动物模型的种类,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望.     

SPECT诊断帕金森病(PD)的临床研究

帕金森病(PD)又称震颤麻痹,主要病变在黑质和纹状体.是常见于中老年的神经系统疾病是中脑黑质神经元变性死亡、大脑内的神经递质多巴胺减少到不能维持调节神经系统正常.帕金森病在我国的发病率已达到1%,而目前临床诊断仅仅是根据其典型的临床症状,早期诊断是非常困难的.本研究是为了探讨多巴胺转运蛋白显像在帕金森病的诊断中的价值.     

MPTP小鼠黑质神经元凋亡及相关蛋白表达与还原型谷胱甘肽的干预研究

帕金森病（parkinson’sdiseasePD）是一种神经元变性疾病,主要累及黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元。表现为多巴胺能神经元的进行性减少,虽经过上百年的研究,其病因及发病机制仍不明了。     

人参皂甙Rg1保护多巴胺能神经元的实验研究

帕金森病(PD)是中老年人常见的一种中枢神经系统变性疾病,其特征性病理变化是中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元变性坏死。近年来许多证据显示氧化应激反应增强是导致帕金森病黑质多巴胺能神经元凋亡的主要因素。传统的帕金森病治疗包括多巴胺替代疗法、抗胆碱能药物等,近年神经元保护治疗也逐步成为新的治疗热点。人参皂甙是从祖国传统中药人参中提取的有效成分之一,已有的研究提示,人参皂甙Rg1可保护大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞,防止细胞凋亡的发生。但是,人参皂甙 Rg1对多巴胺能神经元是否也有保护作用,     

帕金森病与胶质细胞

帕金森病是中老年人常见的中枢神经系统变性疾病。胶质细胞与帕金森病相关,一方面,它能促进神经元的存活;另一方面,它又参与多巴胺能神经元的变性,促进帕金森病的发生和发展。该文就胶质细胞在帕金森病中可能发生的保护和毒性作用及其机制作一综述。     

Study of familial Parkinson's disease in Russia, Uzbekistan, and Zambia

Objective: The aims of this study were (A) to determine inheritance patterns of familial Parkinson''s disease in three different geographical areas (Russia, Uzbekistan, and Zambia); (B) compare clinical characteristics of familial with sporadic Parkinson''s disease; and (C) assess whether there were ethnic differences in clinical manifestations of the disease. Methods: Fifty two index cases of familial Parkinson''s disease in Moscow, 55 in Tashkent, and 27 in Lusaka were selected on the basis of the typical clinical features of Parkinson''s disease with a familial history. The sex ratio, transmission patterns, and segregation ratio were determined by pedigree analysis. Results: Familial Parkinson''s disease was found in all three countries (30 families in Russia, 12 in Uzbekistan, and seven in Zambia), and appeared more common in Russia. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive patterns of inheritance were seen, but autosomal dominance was more common in all countries. Conclusions: In all three countries men have a higher risk of developing Parkinson''s disease than women and there are ethnic differences in clinical manifestations of the disease. The onset of both familial and sporadic Parkinson''s disease in Zambian patients occurs at a younger age and is associated with slow progression and a benign course, and generally responds well to levodopa treatment.     

Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson''s disease is a common disabling disease of old age. The diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson''s disease is based on clinical signs and has poor sensitivity, with about 25% of patients confidently diagnosed as having the disease actually having other conditions such as multi-system atrophy and other parkinsonism-plus syndromes. Benign essential tremor and arteriosclerotic pseudo-parkinsonism can easily be confused with Parkinson''s disease. The cause of Parkinson''s disease remains unknown. Speculative research highlights the role of oxidative stress and free radical mediated damage to dopaminergic cells. Parkinson''s disease is the one neurodegenerative disorder in which drugs have been demonstrated to be of value. There is now a wide variety of drugs and formulations available, including anticholinergics, amantidine, L-dopa, dopamine agonists including apomorphine, selegiline and soon to be available catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors. Disabling side-effects of treatment, fluctuations, dyskinesias and psychiatric problems require strategic use of the drugs available. There is an increasing potential for neurosurgical intervention.     

Intestinal permeability and orocaecal transit time in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease.

The aetiology of weight loss in patients with Parkinson''s disease is likely to be multifactorial. We studied 15 patients with Parkinson''s disease and 15 age- and sex-matched controls and looked for evidence of malabsorption due to small bowel bacterial overgrowth or alteration of intestinal permeability. There was a marked increase in orocaecal transit time in the patients with Parkinson''s disease, although lactulose hydrogen breath testing did not show evidence of small bowel bacterial contamination. Intestinal permeability measured by the differential sugar absorption test was also deranged. There was reduced absorption of mannitol in patients with Parkinson''s disease while lactulose absorption was similar in both groups, suggesting decreased non-mediated uptake across the enterocyte brush border membrane in patients with Parkinson''s disease.     

帕金森病与非帕金森病患者围手术期并发症的对比研究

目的 回顾性分析帕金森与非帕金森患者围手术期并发症的发生情况,为帕金森患者的围手术期管理提供依据。方法 选取2014年1月—2019年3月在贵州医科大学附属医院行手术治疗的82例患者作为实验组,另取同期该院行手术治疗的164例非帕金森患者作为对照组。比较两组患者临床资料、围手术期并发症发生率等。结果 两组临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。对照组术后疼痛发生率高于实验组（P <0.05）;而实验组术后肺部感染、泌尿系统感染及谵妄发生率较对照组升高（P <0.05）。两组术后切口感染、胃肠道反应、呼吸功能不全、心律失常及心功能不全等并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 帕金森病患者围手术期更容易发生肺部感染、泌尿系统感染及术后谵妄,但相较于非帕金森病患者术后疼痛的发生率降低。     

Concentrations of vitamins A, C and E in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease.

Concentrations of the naturally occurring antioxidant vitamins A, C and E were measured in 27 patients with Parkinson''s disease and 16 age-matched control subjects, from a similarly disabled patient group. There was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of vitamins A and E in the two groups. Vitamin C was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the Parkinson''s disease group, however, the mean leucocyte vitamin C concentration in the control group was low (101 nmol/10(8) WBCS) compared to established data in healthy young individuals (119-301 nmol/10(8) WBCS). There was no correlation between the severity or duration of Parkinson''s disease and concentrations of vitamins A, C and E. There is therefore no evidence from this study that a deficiency of these antioxidants contributes to the onset or progress of Parkinson''s disease.     

脂多糖联合MPTP诱导的小鼠慢性帕金森病模型的评价

目的 建立脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)联合1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, MPTP)诱导的慢性小鼠帕金森病模型,探讨其行为学和黒质多巴胺能神经元细胞的变化情况。方法 将20只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为模型组和对照组,模型组每日腹腔注射LPS(0.25 mg/kg) 一次,连续3 d,最后一次注射LPS 4 h后,每日腹腔注射MPTP(25 mg/kg)一次,连续2 d,对照组腹腔注射相同量的生理盐水。8周后用步态分析和转棒实验评价小鼠的行为学能力,免疫组化法观察黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH) 阳性细胞变化情况。结果 模型组小鼠行为学变化较对照组差异有显著性(P<0.05),模型组小鼠中脑黒质区显示出严重的神经元细胞损伤。结论 LPS联合MPTP腹腔注射可成功诱导出慢性小鼠帕金森病模型,提示该模型可用于帕金森病的发病机制及药物治疗效果等相关研究。     

脂质代谢紊乱与神经退行性疾病关系的研究进展

脑内脂质是神经细胞中发挥结构功能和生理作用的主要成分,大脑包含成千上万种脂类,但复杂的脂类成分多样性和每种脂类的功能目前研究尚不是很清楚。越来越多研究表明脂质代谢参与了多种神经退行性疾病的病理进展,尤其是对于阿兹海默病(AD)和帕金森病(PD)的发病起着重要的作用。本综述主要总结了胆固醇、脂肪酸、甘油磷脂和鞘脂等几类主要脂质在AD和PD及其他常见神经退行性疾病中的作用。     

帕金森病与炎症相关的研究进展

帕金森病是一种进展性的中枢神经系统变性疾病,主要病理特征是黑质多巴胺能神经元变性死亡和脑干神经元内α突触核蛋白积聚形成路易体.其病因主要为遗传因素和环境因素.该病主要会引起静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌肉僵直等一系列的运动症状.然而其发病机制并不明确,主要可能与线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、蛋白质改变及炎症反应相关.小胶质细胞与...     

神经节苷脂辅助盐酸多奈哌齐片对帕金森病认知能力和生活质量的影响分析

选取在我院接受治疗的124例帕金森病患者,按照所用药物方案分为对照组68例和神经节苷脂组56例,在治疗前后应用蒙特利尔认知量表(MOCA)、简易智力状况检查法(MMSE)对患者认知能力进行评价,应用统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、39项帕金森病调查问卷中文版(PDQ-39)对患者生活质量进行评价,并分析组间药物相关不良反应情况。治疗后,神经节苷脂组患者MMSE评分、MoCA评分分显著高于对照组,UPDRS评分分、PDQ-39评分分显著低于对照组;神经节苷脂组不良反应与对照组比较,P＞0.05。神经节苷脂辅助盐酸多奈哌齐片能够提高帕金森病患者的认知能力和生活质量,对帕金森预后效果有改善作用。     

MPTP帕金森病动物模型研究进展

用神经毒素1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)制备的动物模型,无论在神经生化和病理组织学特征,还是在运动行为表现方面都酷似人帕金森病(PD),是目前研究PD的理想模型。对MPTP动物模型发病机制等方面的深入研究将有助于PD的防治。