新疆温泉县绵羊蠕形蚤感染的调查与虫种鉴定

对温泉县呼和托哈种畜场羊蠕形蚤病感染情况进行了调查,并对采集的虫体进行了鉴定.结果表明,该种畜场8个群羊(1 600只)蠕形蚤病感染率为92.5％,蚤指数在40～103个.根据虫体的形态学特点鉴定,病原为蠕形蚤科、长喙蚤属、羊长喙蚤(Dorcadia ioffi Smit,1953).该蠕形蚤寄生羊体大量吸血,造成羊只贫血,消瘦,食欲下降,母羊流产,最后衰竭死亡.     

家畜花蠕形蚤的形态学研究

用眼观、光学显微镜、电子显微镜对寄生在民丰县牦牛和绵羊体的花蠕形蚤进行了形态学研究.观察结果表明:寄生于牦牛体的花蠕形蚤雌蚤在大小、腹部颜色、体表结构上与羊体雌蚤都有明显的差异.光学显微镜观察结果表明:花蠕形蚤雄蚤抱器具有错位现象,同一雄蚤的两个可动突形态有所不同.扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明:虫体抱器上具有类似可动突的形态结构,该突起呈矛头状,位于可动突与不动突之间,其末端有一根长刺鬃.     

新疆民丰县蠕形蚤病的防治

对新疆民丰县羊蠕形蚤病流行和防治情况进行了调查。结果表明：民丰县只对进入高山冬季牧场的部分成羊进行了药浴,对羔羊也未进行药浴,这是羊蠕形蚤病防治后散发的主要原因。建议：对进入冬牧场的羊群(不论有无蠕形蚤)都要进行100％的药浴,并且要连续坚持3年以上,对在冬牧场出生的羔羊,应在出生后2周左右进行必要的药物防治。     

辽宁省盖州人、畜蚤病病原的鉴定

自2008年起,辽宁省盖州部分地区在人、畜间发生蚤病,危害严重.作者对该地区采集的虫体标本进行了鉴定.鉴定结果表明:引起该病的病原为人蚤(Pulex irritans).     

西藏樟木地区啮齿动物调查

目的了解西藏樟木地区啮齿动物和寄生节肢动物的种类及分布特点。方法于2012年5月和2013年6～7月,选取宿舍、厨房、防空洞、灌木丛等各2个不同生态景观,采用粘鼠板法、夹捕法、笼捕法,对这一地区啮齿动物的种类及分布进行调查,并采集捕获啮齿动物体表寄生节肢动物在解剖镜下鉴定种类。结果捕获啮齿动物98只,捕获率9.46%,脱逃率13.27%,共有9种：黑家鼠（Rattus rattus）10只,小家鼠（Mus musculus）12只,针毛鼠（Rattus fulvesces）2只,褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）19只,大林姬鼠（Apodemus peninsulae）5只,臭鼩鼱（Suneus murinus）14只,普通鼩鼱（Sorex radulus）7只,黑唇鼠兔（Ochotona daurica）28只和黄胸鼠（Rattus flavipectus）1只。其中褐家鼠占室内种的42.86%,黑唇鼠兔占野外种的44.44%。黑家鼠和针毛鼠上发现多毛蚤科新蚤属的特新蚤（Neopsylla specialis）21头,染蚤率为5.10%,蚤指数为0.21。结论褐家鼠是樟木地区室内优势种,黑唇鼠兔是野外优势种,啮齿动物染蚤率较低,其流行病学意义有待进一步研究。     

吸血对印鼠客蚤生殖腺发育的影响

本项工作用组织学的方法,观察吸血对印鼠客蚤性腺发育成熟的影响。不吸血雌蚤的卵母细胞内无卵黄沉积,卵子不能成熟。雄蚤的睾丸也只有在吸血后精栓消失,精子才能排到输精管内。印鼠客蚤(Xenopsyllus cheopis)需要吸血性腺才能成熟。蚤的性腺成熟时间符合养殖工作中收卵的规律。本项观察也提出脂肪体是卵黄发生中值得重视的部位。     

卫生士官学员432名蠕形螨感染调查分析

蠕形螨是一类永久寄生螨,寄生于人体的有毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨两种[1].为了解军校卫生士官学员蠕形螨感染情况,我们于2009年春季对我院18～24岁卫生士官学员432人进行面部蠕形螨感染的调查.现将调查结果报告如下.     

新疆巴楚县跳蚤叮咬人病例与综合防治措施

2018年新疆畜牧科学院"民族团结一家亲"结亲干部被不明虫体叮咬,被咬处起疹,肿胀,奇痒。经对3批次结亲人员问询调查并对用粘板捕获的67只咬人虫体进行形态学鉴定,确定病原为人蚤。在此基础上采取的个人防护、现场喷药、环境卫生治理等综合防控措施效果显著。现将结果报告如下,为南疆人蚤防控提供技术参考。     

西藏亚东自然疫源地调查研究

目的了解西藏亚东自然疫源地详细分布,对自然疫源性疾病相关因素进行调查研究。方法采取夹捕法、粘鼠板法、笼捕法调查啮齿动物的密度分布、种类;常规方法和直接捕捉法调查媒介生物的地区分布;采集100份在亚东居住5年以上的本地居民血清,进行相关病原检测,调查人群感染状况和发病情况;查阅文献资料对亚东地理信息、啮齿动物和医学媒介种类进行补充、完善。结果此次在亚东地区采集的啮齿类动物共45只,其中鼠兔3只,小家鼠23只,灰腹鼠12只,黄胸鼠7只。采集到医学媒介178只,分别为蚤类41只,蚊科106只,蠓2只,蜱19只。结合本次实地调查和查阅历史资料获知,西藏哑东地区的啮齿类动物包括兔科、鼠兔科、鼯鼠科、松鼠科、鼠科、仓鼠科6个科中的9个属21种（亚种）,医学媒介包括蚤科、蠕形蚤科、多毛蚤科、细蚤科、角叶蚤科、蚊科、蠓科、硬蜱科8个科中25属47种。与张启恩1995年发表的结果相比,当地健康人群的斑疹伤寒、辛德比斯和基孔肯雅热的阳性率分别为3％、2％和1％。结论西藏亚东地理环境复杂、地区海拔落差大、植被种类多;生长着21种啮齿动物和47种医学媒介生物。当地居民中已有斑疹伤寒、辛德比斯和基孔肯雅热感染者。     

268名青年学生面部蠕形螨感染情况调查报告

人体寄生蠕形螨多寄生于毛囊和皮脂腺,其感染率颇高,国外报导为27—100％。为了观察国人人体蠕形螨在集体生活人群中的流行情况,笔者对268名在校的青年学生进行了调查。     

规范三级康复治疗中不同时期卒中患者运动功能改善规律的分析

目的:探索规范的三级康复治疗后,卒中偏瘫患者运动功能的改善规律.方法:卒中52例患者在脑梗塞和脑出血两个层次上随机分为康复组和对照组,康复组给予规范的三级康复治疗,对照组则不给于规范的三级康复治疗,但常规内科治疗同治疗组.分别于入选时,发病后第1个月月末、第3个月月末和第6个月月末采用功能综合评定量表进行运动相评分.结果:康复组在入选后各阶段的评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.001),康复组各阶段运动功能评分积分差值明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).对患者各阶段运动功能进行自身前后对比,发现康复组患者各阶段运动功能积分之间存在显著差异(P＜0.01),对照组除第3个月月末和第6个月月末的运动功能积分间不存在明显差别,其余均存在明显差别(P＜0.05).另外,从患者康复各阶段运动功能变化上可以看出,康复组在各阶段的积分明显高于对照组,且积分在各阶段的增长趋势明显快于对照组.结论:规范三级康复治疗早期能够加速患者的恢复进程,后期康复治疗仍有利于患者运动功能的改善,但是速度变慢,然而相对于对照组功能恢复仍然较为明显.     

Three-dimensional analysis of intracycle velocity fluctuations in frontcrawl swimming

The purpose of this study was to determine accurately the magnitude and changes of intra-cycle velocity fluctuation ( V _fluc), maximum ( V _max) and minimum velocity ( V _min) of the center of mass during a maximum 200 m frontcrawl swim, and to examine whether they are associated with performance. Performance was indicated by the mean velocity ( V _mean) of the stroke cycle (SC) in the swimming direction. The relative V _fluc, V _max and V _min were also calculated as a percentage of V _mean, while V _fluc was calculated for all three directions. Eleven male swimmers of national/international level participated in this study and their performance was recorded with four below- and two above-water-synchronized cameras. Four SCs were analyzed for the 200 m swim (one for each 50 m). Anthropometric data were calculated by the elliptical zone method. V _mean generally decreased throughout the test. V _max and V _min were positively correlated to performance and were significantly higher in SC1 than in the other SCs. However, the relative V _max and V _min values were remarkably consistent during the 200 m and not associated with performance. Despite the noteworthy magnitude of V _fluc in all directions, they were in general not correlated with performance and there were no significant changes during the test.     

M-3动作时颈内动脉血流动力学的变化

目的探讨Ｍ－３动作对颈内动脉血流动力学的影响及意义。方法应用彩色多普勒血流显像测量了３２名飞行员在＋１ＧＺ条件下实施Ｍ－３动作时颈内动脉收缩期峰１流速（ＶＳ１）、收缩期峰２流速（ＶＳ２）、舒张期峰流速（ＶＤ）、舒张末期速度（Ｖｄ）、平均血流速度（Ｖｍ）、脑血流量（ＣＢＦ）、心率（ＨＲ）、阻力指数（ＲＩ）和搏动指数（ＰＩ）等参数。结果ＶＳ２、ＶＤ、Ｖｍ和ＣＢＦ较平静时分别提高２３％、３１％、２４％和２５％，ＲＩ和ＰＩ分别降低８％和２４％。Ｖｍ与ＣＢＦ相关性好（ｒ＝０．７２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＶＳ１、Ｖｄ和ＨＲ与平静时比较无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论Ｍ－３动作主要影响并增大ＶＳ２、ＶＤ和Ｖｍ，降低脑血管阻力，维持脑供血。     

The added value of spiral computed tomographic angiography after lung scintigraphy for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the added clinical value of spiral computed tomographic angiography (CTA) after ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy (V/Q) for the management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS: Of 987 patients who had V/Q during 2001, 64 patients (6%) had CTA performed for further evaluation. V/Q and CTA findings were retrospectively analyzed by 2 clinicians who were blinded to the patients' outcome. Patient management was determined based on clinical and V/Q data and was reassessed after the addition of CTA data. RESULTS: CTA was performed in 2 patients with normal V/Q, 16 patients with low probability, 28 patients with intermediate, 4 patients with high probability, and 14 patients with nonconclusive V/Q. Three patients (19%) with low probability, 9 (32%) with intermediate probability, 4 (29%) with nonconclusive, and 4 (100%) with high probability V/Q had PE diagnosed by CTA. CTA findings changed the management in 2 patients (13%) with low probability, 15 (54%) with intermediate probability, and 4 (29%) with nonconclusive V/Q. CONCLUSION: In our institution, V/Q remains the main imaging modality for evaluation of patients with clinically suspected PE. CTA was performed after V/Q in 6% of patients. Patients with intermediate probability and those with nonconclusive V/Q, and to a much lesser extent, patients with low probability V/Q could benefit from the addition of CTA after V/Q. In patients with normal V/Q and those with high-probability V/Q, the addition of CTA does not seem to influence patient management.     

A novel parameter by EFOV US for the quantification and the distinction of physiological amount of scrotal fluid and hydrocele: ratio of testis volume/scrotum volume

OBJECTIVE: To determine the limits for the amount of tunical fluid enough to be termed as hydrocele by using extended-field of view US technology and to define hydrocele for the first time with standard numerical criteria. METHODS: A total of 60 patients were evaluated in this prospective study. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients with unilateral clinical hydrocele. Group 2 included 20 patients referred for scrotal US for reasons other than hydrocele. Group 3 comprised 20 male controls with no scrotal complaints. Testis volume (V(t)), scrotum volume (V(s)) and V(t)/V(s) ratio were calculated for each subject by dimensions measured in longitudinal and tranverse planes. RESULTS: Mean V(t)/V(s) ratio was 0.28 +/- 0.17 (range, 0.07-0.57), 0.69 +/- 0.08 (range, 0.53-0.80) and 0.71 +/- 0.07 (range, 0.61-0.85) for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Mean V(t)/V(s) for group 1 was significantly lower than those for groups 2 and 3, respectively (p<0.001 for each). Based on the ROC curve analysis, 0.55 for V(t)/V(s) ratio was determined as the optimal cut-off point below which the US diagnosis of hydrocele could be made (sensitivity 95.0% and specificity 97.5%). CONCLUSIONS: We propose a novel US parameter of V(t)/V(s) ratio below 0.55 for a standard distinction between hydrocele and physiological amount of scrotal fluid.     

Importance of specific prostatic antigen to prostatic volume ratio in the selection of patients for ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate]

US-guided biopsy was performed in 94 patients with suspected lesions at transrectal US. Histology demonstrated carcinoma in 43 cases, benign hyperplasia in 44, and prostatitis in 7. In all cases the prostate specific antigen (PSA) was calculated, by means of US, together with prostatic volume (V). PSA was related to the corresponding gland volume, which resulted in PSA/V index. Subsequently, histology was correlated with both PSA value and PSA/V ratio. Our study showed PSA/V ratio to have higher sensitivity and specificity than absolute PSA value in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. The authors believe prostate US-guided biopsy to be: a) necessary when the suspected area has PSA/V ratio greater than 0.15, and especially when PSA/V greater than 0.30; b) not indicated when echostructural alterations are associated with PSA/V less than 0.15, because they are most frequently due to benign lesions. The combined use of PSA/V ratio and US is therefore suggested to select the patients in whom biopsy is to be performed.     

微血管成像技术在甲状腺微小乳头状癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨微血管成像(microvascular imaging,Micro V)技术在甲状腺微小乳头状癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC)中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经超声检出并经手术病理证实的PTMC患者60例,共79个病灶,这些病灶均应用彩色多普勒(color Doppler flow imaging,CDFI)技术及Micro V技术观察病灶的血流分布情况,比较两种技术在病灶血管分型及探测病灶内穿支血管的差异,并分析Micro V技术在诊断甲状腺微小乳头状癌中价值。结果在评估甲状腺微小乳头状癌病灶内血流分型方面,Micro V成像与CDFI技术间差异有统计学意义(χ^2=34.000,P<0.05),Micro V成像技术对Ⅲ型血流的显示率明显高于CDFI技术,两者间差异有统计学意义(χ^2=13.388,P<0.05),Micro V成像检测出穿支血管的数量明显高于CDFI技术,两者间差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.138,P<0.05)。结论Micro V技术在甲状腺微小乳头状癌血流显示方面优于CDFI技术,在甲状腺微小乳头状癌的诊断中有较高的应用价值。     

Feasibility of 99mTc-annexin V for repetitive detection of apoptotic tumor response to chemotherapy: an experimental study using a rat tumor model.

Annexin V (annexin A5), a human protein with a high affinity for phosphatidylserine, labeled with (99m)Tc can detect apoptosis in vivo. In the repetitive detection of apoptosis with (99m)Tc-annexin V, however, the specific binding of annexin V to phosphatidylserine might affect the subsequent detection of apoptosis with this compound. To determine whether there is interference with repetitive doses of annexin V, we evaluated the effects of previous administration of cold annexin V on accumulation of (99m)Tc-annexin V in tumors in an experimental tumor model. METHODS: Rats bearing hepatoma received cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 11 d after the tumor inoculation. Cold annexin V (20 microg/kg, intravenously) was administered 24 h before or after the cyclophosphamide treatment (n = 7/group). (99m)Tc-Annexin V was injected intravenously (radioactive dose, 5-23 MBq/kg; mass dose, 20 microg/kg), and radioactivity in tissues was determined 6 h later. RESULTS: Accumulation of (99m)Tc-annexin V in tumors was not significantly affected by previous treatment with cold annexin V before or after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the feasibility of (99m)Tc-annexin V imaging for repetitive detection of apoptosis, which is highly required in the clinical setting.     

Radiofrequency energy-induced heating of bovine articular cartilage using a bipolar radiofrequency electrode

Radiofrequency energy is used for thermal-assisted chondroplasty to treat grade II and III chondromalacia with the lowest possible energy setting that achieves the desired result. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the temperature changes associated with the use of radiofrequency energy delivered at different settings to bovine articular cartilage using a bipolar electrode. Cartilage samples were placed in a temperature-controlled (37 degrees C) saline bath for the delivery of radiofrequency energy. A fluoroptic thermometry probe was positioned to record the temperatures at the electrode-tissue interface. The electrode was activated for 2 seconds at settings of V2-120, V2-60, V2-40, and V2-20 in two modes: ablation and desiccation. Additionally, the cartilage samples were visually inspected to determine changes in appearance. The highest average temperatures were as follows: ablation mode, 78.5 degrees C (V2-120), 62.6 degrees C (V2-60), 58.1 degrees C (V2-40), and 54.1 degrees C (V2-20); desiccation mode, 71.8 degrees C (V2-120), 61.4 degrees C (V2-60), 57.7 degrees C (V2-40), and 53.3 degrees C (V2-20). There were statistically significant increases in temperatures associated with each of the respective settings. There were no substantial visual changes produced by the V2-20 settings, while the other settings produced a gradation of effects. These data provide information to help guide the use of a bipolar radiofrequency electrode and electrosurgical system for thermal-assisted chondroplasty.     

Venous digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of renovascular hypertension

The study of renovascular hypertension (R.V.H.) presently requires multiple non invasive examinations in order to select between patients with R.V.H. or other kind of hypertension, before resorting to angiography. The use of venous digital subtraction angiography (V.D.S.A.) may change this diagnostic flow-chart. For this purpose, 100 patients with clinical and laboratory data suspect of R.V.H. underwent V.D.S.A. Compared to angiography, V.D.S.A. showed a 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Since the sensitivity and specificity of the non invasive techniques vs. V.D.S.A. in the same series was always lower, V.D.S.A. may be proposed as the first examination in the study of R.V.H. The arterial route for D.S.A. is generally not required for diagnostic purposes.